Premium Essay

Epithets

In: English and Literature

Submitted By marianarosca
Words 7821
Pages 32
v (первый семестр)
STYLISTICS

Expressive means of the language
Language can be neutral and expressive. Expressiveness can be distinguished at all levels of the language. The expressive means of the language are phonetic, morphological, word-building, lexical, phraseological and syntactical forms that exist in the language as a system for the purpose of logical and emotional intensification of the utterance. expressive means exist on all the levels of the language. The most powerful are phonetic expressive means including stress, whispering, high/fall alliteration.
Morphological expressive means include the use of second and third persons.
Word-building expressive means - the use of deminuative suffixes, such as -y (frequently used). On the lexical level we distinguish neutral vocabulary and exressive vocabulary. [to die - to go West, to work - to labour, fear - horror]. Proverbs also belong to the expressive vocabulary. On the syntactical level we distinguish between the inversion and repetition.
A stylistic device is a conscious and intentional intencification of some typical structural or semantic property of a language unit (word, word combination or sentence) promoted to a generalised stater and thus become a generative model. stylistic devices are built according to a fixed model [a nice table, a tasty table, an angry table; a tasty table - a case of metonomy, an angry table - a transfered epithet]. Expressive means are trite and frequently employed. Stylistic devices are geniune to a certain extent. Stylistic devices belong to the language in use. Expressive means belong to the language as a system. Expressive means are fixed in the dictionaries. According to their structure expressive means and stylistic devices can be the same [a cold day - expressive means, a sparkling day - a stylistic device]. Exits own features and qualitiespressive means have

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Bricks, Epithets, and Other Hurtling Projectiles

...Bricks, Epithets, and Other Hurtling Projectiles My frustrations churned about in my mind. Pulling two furious twelve year olds apart, wrestling a homemade shiv from a 13 year old, chasing after runaway children, dodging tossed plastic chairs, and getting hit in the chest with a brick during a single day was just as horrendous as it sounds. Today was the day our supervisor had warned us about at our orientation, where all the kids are tired, cranky, unresponsive, and ready to go home. This was the day where the kids would be especially rowdy and try to push the team leaders away. Even in spite of Jamir’s warning, my two other team leaders and I were still not prepared. Our every waking moment was dedicated to taking care of the kids. We woke up at 6 am to go to a meeting to discuss our responsibilities for the day. After a brief breakfast with the other camp counselors, we divvied up who was going to man each station. We had mountain-boarding, arts and crafts, rock climbing, swimming, going to the lake, and various other activities to attempt to entertain the kids long enough throughout the day to completely tire them out by bed time. After the activities were introduced, it was time to go wake up the children. In the first few days, the kids would be up and full of energy by the time we returned to the humble decrepit teepees. The vigor they displayed was inspiring to us counselors, yet wearisome at the same time. They were already extremely hyper even before they received...

Words: 2293 - Pages: 10

Free Essay

Epithets

...Злочини проти авторитету органів державної влади, місцевого самоврядування та об’єднань громадян 1. Публічна наруга над якими державними символами іноземної держави визнається кримінально караною? ч. 2 ст. 338 – офіційно встановлений або піднятий прапор чи герб іноземної держави. Ознаки державних символів: 1) фізична – форма і вигляд 2) юридична – закріплені в КУ, ЗУ 3) цільова – офіційно встановлені Прапор та герб іноземної держави – її офіційні символи. Офіційно встановлений або піднятий він буде в таких випадках: 1) дипломатичне представництво та глава дипломатичного представництва мають право встановлювати Державний прапор та Державний герб акредитуючої держави на приміщеннях дипломатичного представництва в Україні, а також на резиденції та засобах пересування глави дипломатичного представництва. 2) те саме щодо консульського представництва, але на засобах пересування глави консульської установи – тільки коли це пов’язано з виконанням службових обов’язків. (+ в ч.1 – Державний Прапор, Державний Герб, Державний гімн – державні символи України, ст. 20 Конституції) Якщо неофіційно встановлений – хуліганство 2. У чому полягає публічність наруги над державними символами України? Об’єктивні ознаки наруги: в присутності сторонніх осіб, або за їх відсутності, однак це стане їм відомо Суб’єктивні ознаки наруги – особа усвідомлює, що принижує і усвідомлює публічність. Під публічністю треба розуміти, по-перше, наругу над державними символами у присутності сторонніх...

Words: 3660 - Pages: 15

Free Essay

Tucker

...1) Three external or outside forces that I think impacted Tucker attempt to build and sell his car was, one could have been the fact that they tried to ruin his image (Tucker) his public image by saying and accusing him off things. Another could be that he couldn’t get the right steel that he needed to make his car they way he wanted to for a good price or rate, and the third could have been the delay in him getting the plant where he could start building in put him back a while and caused delays for making and releasing the car. 2) I wouldn’t say that the rivalry was big or intense but I would say it was around or it could have gotten intense if he started off right with the money to build and have a building to manufacture the car and get the steel at a good rate he could have made the car in a timely fashion I think the big three would have either tried to buy his idea or get in on it or did things to keep him from selling it and getting it out like the little things they tried but would have been on a bigger scale. 3) Yes, I think that there were a couple entry barriers. One was that the Big Three made steel expensive to were Tucker couldn’t get it at a good price, another was that the building for him to build in he couldn’t get it because off the delays from the government. 4) Yes I think that in these days that what the Big 3 did to tucker people and businesses do that today to other small businesses by hiking up prices or buying up shelf space to...

Words: 584 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Rte Cereal Paper

...Ready To Eat Breakfast Cereal Industry Monday, September 09, 2013 3:09 PM The Big 3 and the industry before the 1990's 1972 Federal trade Commission file a major antitrust suit against the big 3 (Kellogg, General Mills, and General Foods) Argued: Monopolized cereal market and had taken specific steps to deter entry by new firms How? Restrained competition amongst themselves through "unwritten agreements" to limit the in-pack premiums (free toys, gifts, e tc) -Refrain from trade dealing-offering discounts to retailers for special treatment or special promotions -Refrained from widespread fortification of their brands because it was believed to not be in the long run interests of the industry (vitamin fortification) FTC also argued the big three took specific actions to make new entry ventures unprofitable -prevented entry into the RTE cereal industry by encouraging super markets and other retailers to adopt a shelf space plan that ensured the big threes products received the most valued center aisle position Caught off guard with the introduction of natural cereal brands Industry environment in the 1990's Technology Processes utilized in creation of many children's cereals took substantial engineering expertise and production experience to master. -Standard plant was estimated to req. a capacity of 75 million pounds per year to achieve minimum efficient scale -employed 125 people -req. capital in excess of 100 million -a singly plant...

Words: 303 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Epithets In Gilgamesh Essay

...In ancient times, the epithet was a commonly used byname in both the oral and written traditions. The epithet was a descriptive name, not unlike a modern nickname, and was used extensively in epic poetry. The most famous use of the epithet was those used in the Homeric epics the Iliad and the Odyssey. The use of epithets was used as well in a much earlier Mesopotamian poem known as the Epic of Gilgamesh. In the Homeric Poems and the Poem of Gilgamesh the two stories share stock epithets and epic similes. The paper will first discuss epithets in the Homeric poems, then discuss the epithets in the Epic of Gilgamesh in comparison. Homeric Epithets Places The epithet, as previously mentioned, was essentially a byname. It saw its full use in the Homeric Epic which is why this paper chooses to discuss the Homeric poems first. While it was defiantly used to describe individuals such as Gods and certain characters, it was also used to describe certain places as well. Homeric scholar Bowra discussed this in her analysis: “Homeric...

Words: 2073 - Pages: 9

Free Essay

The Epithet in the Novel "Jane Eyre"

...aimed at extracting, aesthetic and meaningful, emotional information from the literary text. The second chapter is concerned with the semantic and stylistic analysis of the epithet. In the work the epithet is determined as a stylistic device based on the interplay of emotive and logical meaning in a attributive word, phrase or even sentence used to characterize an object and pointing out to the reader. The epithet always has the emotional meaning or emotional color due to peculiarities of semantic structure of adjectives. For the purpose of study of linguistic nature of epithet we dwell on the problem of lexical and stylistic meaning of adjectives. The use of adjectives as epithet as preconditioned by the contact and functional characteristics that is predicativeness, stylistic churdge and liability for stylistic actualization in the context. Next undertake the study the types of epithet and its informational meaning in the text. We suggested the following classification of the epithet: conventional or standing; explanatory, metaphorical, mixed and syntactical types of epithet (invertational and phrase). Under the conventional epithet we understand the firm combinations, which point out the property of the subject. The explanatory epithet points out the main feature of the word. The metaphorical epithet is treated as a sort of explicit metaphor. Conclusion In the conclusion section we’d like to write brief in formations about lexical stylistic...

Words: 1076 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

The Epithet in the Novel "Jane Eyre"

...device – the epithet in the literary work “Jane Eyre” by Charlotte Bronte. The topicality of chosen by us theme lies in the fact that a human being perceives the reality by means of various images. These images exist everywhere: in art, in nature, in thoughts, and in speech in particular. Each of us at least ones created an image. We use different means (stylistic expressive means and devices) to achieve the aim. In our research we would like to concentrate our attention on “epithet”, a figure of speech which gives the opportunity to create the most expressive and vivid images. Despite the fact that there are many works devoted to the problem under analysis some important aspects such as structural - the lexical stylistic device the epithet as its component have not been fully investigated. This defines the actuality of the work and its theoretical value. The basic purpose of this course-paper is formulated as a research of linguistic nature of epithet, its types from the point of semantic, structural parameters and its informational significance in the text. The given aim predetermines the concrete tasks of the research. The course- paper pursues the following objectives: 1) to read the novel “Jane Eyre” and to find epithets; 2) to reveal the theoretical notion of the epithets and its categories; 3) to observe emotional, evaluative, expressive components of the lexical meaning of epithets; 4) to work out the classification of types of epithet. The novelty...

Words: 18859 - Pages: 76

Free Essay

Stylistic Devices Based on the Interaction Between the Logical and Emotive Meanings Epithet

...Epithet is a stylistic device based on the interaction of the logical and emotive meanings. It shows the purely individual emotional attitude of the writer or the speaker towards the object mentioned. Epithet is expressed by: 1) adjectives; 2) adverbs; Adjectives and adverbs constitute the greatest majority of epithets. 3) participles, both present and past; 4) nouns, especially often in of-phrases; 5) word-combinations; 6) whole phrases. The last two groups of epithets help the writer in a rather concise form to express the emotional attitude of a personage towards an object or phenomenon. In most cases it is a direct quotation of the character’s remark. Such a usage of a quotation for an epithet stresses the subjectivity, individuality of the character’s perception. It renders the emotional attitude of the personage. Phrase-epithet helps not only to reveal the individual view of the author and his characters but at the same time to do it in a rather economical manner. One more structural type of epithet is “monopolized” by the English language. It is based on the illogical syntactical relations between the modifier and the modified. Such constructions enable the writer to use nouns of high emotional coloring, supplying them with additional characteristics without overcrowding the description. Epithets vary not only in structure but in the manner of application too. So, most often we meet one-word, or simple epithet. Rather often epithets are used in pairs....

Words: 706 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Analysis

...William Somerset Maugham is one of the best known English writers of the 20th century. He was not only a novelist, but also a one of the most successful dramatist and short-story writers. Maugham wants the readers to draw their own conclusion about the characters and events described in his novels. His reputation as a novelist is based on the following prominent books: “Of Human Bondage”; “The Moon and Sixpence”; and “The Razor's Edge”. Though Maugham doesn’t denounce the contemporary social order, he is critical of the morals and the narrow-mindedness. Realistic portrayal of life, keen character observation, and interesting plots coupled with beautiful, expressive language, a simple, clear, unadored style, place Somerset Maugham on a level with the greatest English writers of the 20th century. In general, Maugham's novels and short stories could be characterized by great narrative facility, an ironic point of view, cosmopolitan settings, and an astonishing understanding of human nature. His short stories gained the greatest popularity. And it’s right time to speculate upon one of the stories - “The Escape”- which impressed me deeply and made me think about its subject. It is about a man (Roger) and a woman (Ruth), their complicated relations and scheming in order to achieve different aims. So they are the main characters. The author hides behind the narrator who is the secondary character. The essence of “The Escape”, to my mind, is that Roger and Ruth have diverse...

Words: 1865 - Pages: 8

Premium Essay

Julius Caesar Rhetorical Devices Essay

...disrupts the proper workings of the mind, perpetuating psychological and social disorder in which, in Christian terms, repeats the error of the Fall.” (Tardiff 218). He carries out so much strength and passion into his words that it creates tension in the crowds of Rome and causes the Plebeians to grow angry. This anger causes violence and riots to break out. “At first, Brutus’s eloquent justification for preserving the Roman republic from the threat of Caesar’s tyranny mollifies the plebeians; however, when Antony passionately appeals to the crowd to the avenge their murdered leader, the incensed mob riots in the streets of Rome.” (Lee 1). In Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar, Shakespeare uses rhetorical devices such as diction, anaphora, and epithet in his writings to create power and emotion in Mark Antony’s speech at the funeral of Julius Caesar to make it...

Words: 1348 - Pages: 6

Free Essay

A War Song for Englishman

...A War Song to Englishmen (By William Blake) Prepare, prepare the iron helm of war, - jambus, anapaest, jambus, jambus Bring forth the lots, cast in the spacious orb; Th' Angel of Fate turns them with mighty hands, And casts them out upon the darken'd earth! Prepare, prepare! Prepare your hearts for Death's cold hand! prepare Your souls for flight, your bodies for the earth; Prepare your arms for glorious victory; Prepare your eyes to meet a holy God! Prepare, prepare! Whose fatal scroll is that? Methinks 'tis mine! Why sinks my heart, why faltereth my tongue? Had I three lives, I'd die in such a cause, And rise, with ghosts, over the well-fought field. Prepare, prepare! The arrows of Almighty God are drawn! Angels of Death stand in the louring heavens! Thousands of souls must seek the realms of light, And walk together on the clouds of heaven! Prepare, prepare! Soldiers, prepare! Our cause is Heaven's cause; Soldiers, prepare! Be worthy of our cause: Prepare to meet our fathers in the sky: Prepare, O troops, that are to fall to-day! Prepare, prepare! Alfred shall smile, and make his harp rejoice; The Norman William, and the learned Clerk, And Lion Heart, and black-brow'd Edward, with His loyal queen, shall rise, and welcome us! Prepare, prepare! Готовьте, готовьте железные шлемы войны, Ведите народы, что брошены в сфере огромной; Могучей рукою направит их Ангел Судьбы И вырвет из плена, во имя земли, уже чёрной! Готовьте, готовьте! Готовьте...

Words: 1177 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Hera

...June 7, 2012 Epic Poetry and the Great Goddess Hera Homer’s work The Iliad is an ideal example of epic poetry. Throughout The Iliad Homer uses Hera, the Queen of the gods and goddesses, to show three major characteristics of Epic Poetry; stock epithets, the supernatural and the use of similes. The use of stock epithets or descriptive adjectives is the most common characteristic of epic poetry used by Homer. Hera is considered the “white-armed goddess” and “golden-throned”. These epithets describe Hera’s perfect ivory complexion and her role as the “queen of the gods. The use of supernatural phenomena can be seen on several different occasions throughout Homer’s works, particularly, the goddess Hera interacts with mortals many times. One of the first occasions is the contest between Aphrodite, Athena, and Hera to be awarded the golden apple and to be considered the “fairest” goddess. Paris, the son of the King of Troy is asked to pick the winner, and he chooses Aphrodite. Losing the contest causes Hera to despise the Trojans. A second interaction with a mortal is in the midst of a fight between Achilles, and Agamemnon when Hera comes down to send Athena to stop Achilles from killing Agamemnon. Since Hera hates the Trojans and rather than watch Agamemnon be killed by Achilles she decides to intervene and offer Achilles gifts to calm him down. In The Iliad Homer finds great use of similes. Homer uses these similes to help the ordinary people of Ancient Greece better understand...

Words: 358 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Jasons Attributes

...In the Homeric poems, epithets provide an index to the personality of a hero. When the poet invokes a particular epithet, a particular attribute or set of attributes is summoned to the performance. According to Theodore Klein, critics of Apollonius single out the pallid and ineffectual personality of Jason as the primary reason for the “aesthetic failure” of the Argonautica. He obtains the object of his quest, the golden fleece, in the end, but only via the help of a witch. He does finally return home to Greece, but only after having dishonorably slain Apsyrtus. Jason’s weakness is epitomized by the epithet amechanos, which may be translated “embarrass” or “incertitude.” The table below presents a few epithets of Homeric heroes: Achilles “Son of Peleus” “Swift-footed” “Breaking through men” “Lion-hearted” “Like to the gods” Aeneas “Son of Anchises” “Counselor of the Trojans” “Lord of the Trojans” “Father” “Loyal/Pious” Agamemnon “Son of Atreus” “Wide-ruling” “The Lord Marshal” “Powerful” “Shepherd of the People” “Brilliant” The unprepossessing figure of Jason is further sunk in relief against the more dominating personalities of the heroes in his crew. The timorous captain often finds himself deferring to the decisions of Heracles and other great heroes of classical lore. Whither Jason? Some have argued that the kind of heroism which the Argonautica highlights is collective heroism;...

Words: 646 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Analysis of the Extract (a Piece of Advice (by W.S. Maugham))

...SIW Module 1 Variant 2 Theme: Stylistic Devices. Analysis of the text. 1. Point out three metaphors and three epithets used by the author to characterize the main character (Stephens) and comment on them. Three metaphors : trifle embarrassed apologetic laugh forcible ring Three epithets: thick-set and stout a round red face bullet-shaped head All these stylistic devices describe the main hero as a  person who is very tired of life, he is passive, but he wants to change something in it, that is why to show us the antagonistic character of the visitor, the author uses an oxymoron “bright dark eyes”. Also we can see the despair of a stranger, because he uses “short, sharp sentences”, to emphasize it the author told us that they had “a forcible ring”. 2. Give synonyms of colloquial style to the following literary words: “to flounder”, “hazardous”, “content”, “a trifling indisposition», «errand”, “to perceive”. To flounder – to struggle Hazardous - dicey, chancy Content – pleased A trifling indisposition – reluctance Errand – trip To perceive – get, understand 3. What words and phrases are used to describe Stephens at the beginning and at the end of the story? How can the reader gather that Stephens was happy in Spain? What was it that attracted him to Spain? The narrator used epithets, metaphors, oxymoron and other SD to describe Stephens. He used such constructions as “trifle embarrassed”, “…holding it in one hand absent...

Words: 316 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Plan of the Lesson

...1. Point out three metaphors and three epithets used by the author to characterize the main character (Stephens) and comment on them. Three metaphors : trifle embarrassed apologetic laugh forcible ring Three epithets: thick-set and stout a round red face bullet-shaped head All these stylistic devices describe the main hero as a person who is very tired of life, he is passive, but he wants to change something in it, that is why to show us the antagonistic character of the visitor, the author uses an oxymoron “bright dark eyes”. Also we can see the despair of a stranger, because he uses “short, sharp sentences”, to emphasize it the author told us that they had “a forcible ring”. 2. Give synonyms of colloquial style to the following literary words: “to flounder”, “hazardous”, “content”, “a trifling indisposition», «errand”, “to perceive”. To flounder – to struggle Hazardous - dicey, chancy Content – pleased A trifling indisposition – reluctance Errand – trip To perceive – get, understand 3. What words and phrases are used to describe Stephens at the beginning and at the end of the story? How can the reader gather that Stephens was happy in Spain? What was it that attracted him to Spain? The narrator used epithets, metaphors, oxymoron and other SD to describe Stephens. He used such constructions as “trifle embarrassed”, “…holding it in one hand absent mindedly stroked it with the other.”, “apologetic laugh” , “with a round red face...

Words: 304 - Pages: 2