...efficiently than the Salado Indians. The canals they built to sustain their large and complex agricultural society are still considered an engineering marvel. The Salado people lived around the Mesa area of Central Arizona for almost 1,500 years. They appeared around 1 CE and disappeared about 1450. Their agricultural society flourished around the middle Gila River and Salt River. This essay will be telling about size and durability of the canals, how the canals were constructed, and how exactly they were used. Salado canals had lots of remarkable features that still stand. First, they were wide at the mouth and carefully tapered, getting smaller as secondary branches drew water from the main channel....
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...Spinal stenosis is a term used to describe a narrowing of the spinal canal. First stenosis means choking or closing in. the purpose of this information is to help understand the anatomy of the spine related to spinal stenosis the signs and symptoms of spinal stenosis. This problem is more common in adults over 50 years old and 60 years old. However it can occur in younger people who have abnormally small spine canals do to birth defect. According to anatomy &physiology the spinal cord lies within the vertebral canal, where the vertebrae offer protection. In addition, the spinal cord is encircled by three connective tissue coverings called meninges (p.483). The spinal cord is part of the central nervous system (CNS) which extends caudally and is protected by the bony structures of the vertebral column. It is covered by three membranes of the CNS the Dura mater, arachnoids and innermost pia mater (p484). The spinal cord has three basic functions to control certain repetitive functions (e.g. walking), conduct impulses to /from brain and spinal nerves and coordinate spinal reflexes. Spinal stenosis describes a condition in which the nerves in the spinal canal are closed in, or compressed. The spinal canal is the hallow vertical hole formed by the bones of the spinal column. The journal of the American medical association says spinal stenosis is used to describe a narrowing of the spinal canal, which contains the spinal cord and emerging nerve roots, which can occur in any portion...
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...Federalist: The Federalists were originally those forces in favor of the ratification of the Constitution. A desire to establish a strong central government. Federalists felt strongly that the inability of the United States, operating under the Articles of Confederation, to implement protective tariffs had led to the uncontrolled flood of manufactured items that were depressing the new nation's economy. They pointed out that the European powers were not likely to negotiate thirteen separate commercial treaties, and that Britain was well served by letting the situation fester. The term "Federalist" was later applied to the emerging political faction headed by Alexander Hamilton in George Washington's administration. Revolution of 1800: Some observers have regarded Jefferson's election in 1800 as revolutionary. This may be true in a restrained sense of the word, since the change from Federalist leadership to Republican was entirely legal and bloodless. Nevertheless, the changes were profound. The Federalists lost control of both the presidency and the Congress. By 1800, the American people were ready for a change. Under Washington and Adams, the Federalists had established a strong government. They sometimes failed, however, to honor the principle that the American government must be responsive to the will of the people. They had followed policies that alienated large groups. For example, in 1798 they enacted a tax on houses, land and slaves, affecting every property owner in...
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...Lesson 13 Essay I The years that stretched from the election of Richard Nixon in 1968 to the election of Ronald Reagan in 1980 saw the problems of the 1960s come back to haunt the nation. In Vietnam, despite Nixon's efforts to conclude a "peace with honor," the American involvement ended with the victory of the North Vietnamese and a defeat for the United States. The moral authority of the powerful presidency that developed under Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson eroded as a result of Nixon's Watergate scandal. In an effort to avoid similar mistakes, the voters turned out Nixon's successor, Gerald Ford, in 1976 and elected a political newcomer, Jimmy Carter, of Georgia. In spite of their personal decency and hard work, neither Gerald Ford nor Jimmy Carter proved to be strong, effective presidents who could meet the challenges of the 1970s. Ford was the 38th President of the United States, and the only one to have served as both President and Vice President without being elected by the Electoral College. As President, Ford signed the Helsinki Accords, marking a move toward détente in the Cold War. With the invasion of South Vietnam by the communist north nine months into his presidency, U.S. involvement in Vietnam essentially ended. Domestically, Ford presided over arguably the weakest economy since the Great Depression, with growing inflation and a recession during his tenure. One of his more controversial acts was to grant a presidential pardon to President Richard Nixon...
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...U.S. was destined to expand westward. The people of America slowly began to believe in the idea of moving westward and taking the land that belonged to Americans and Americans only. The belief in Manifest Destiny was definitely, the most important factor underlying the U.S. foreign policy, and the American Growth. At first people were hesitant about moving westward, but overtime people slowly accepted it and realized its importance. Since they were taking over land that technically didn’t belong to them, new tariffs and policies had to be passed by congress. This is the time period when the U.S. really grew. The idea was first proclaimed by John O’ Sullivan, whom wrote a paper called “The Great Nation of Futurity”. In O'Sullivan's essay, he wrote and believed that America was and is supposed to expand from sea to shining sea. The Manifest Destiny movement hurt many people though such as Indians, Mexicans, and ironically U.S. Citizens themselves. Everyone lost their homelands and many people became upset. Civilians were becoming angered so in order to calm down the citizens, the U.S. Government had to establish new policies and protective...
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...The Panama Canal: From Yesterday to Tomorrow By Clarence Moore North Lake College Introduction to Business Logistics LGMT-1319-73471 Professor Jeffrey Wendt April 2013 When the first European, Rodrigo de Bastidas, reached Panama in 1501, he could hardly envision the magnitude of the Isthmus’ future. As more Spanish caravels arrived, the search for gold was intensified. A shortened route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean was not found by Magellan, who conceived of going around Cape Horn or passing through the Straits that were to bear his name. When sea routes were found to be to long the Spaniards turned to overland crossings, and when Vasco Nunez de Balboa first crossed the Isthmus of Panama in 1513, he initiated a ceaseless march of traffic. Panamanians are still proud of the curious Balboa who discovered the Pacific, surveyed the Panama route across the Central America Isthmus and found that there existed a difference in the levels of the respective oceans. The Conquistador Herman Cortes was certain that no natural waterway existed between the Atlantic and the Pacific, and he expressed a desire to construct a sea passageway through Panama, Darien, Nicaragua, or Tehmantepec. The dreams of the foresighted Cortes went for naught as it was almost three centuries before serious consideration was again given to the construction of an interocean waterway (Liss). From the beginning of the sixteenth century until the beginning...
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...daughter Isabella (successor to the throne under the terms of Pragmatic Sanction • 1868 a revolution against Isabella took place and she was forced to abdicate • Alfonso XII of Spain became king, which finally brought Spain into a period of stability and reform 19th Century Philippines Economic Development • Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade • Reforms made by Gov. Gen. Jose Basco y Vargas • Real Compania de Filipinas 1785 • Tobacco Monopoly • 1830 – growth of export economy from the British and American merchants • Philippines exported agricultural products resulting to the growth and profit of Filipino hacienderos and inquilinos of the friar haciendas • Economic Development as a whole is a non-Spanish initiative • Opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 Social Development The Native Population • PRINCIPALIA they are the rich landowners; local gov’t officials • ILLUSTRADO educated middle-class • Common People they are the majority of or Masses the class; workers Political Development • Spain has no consistent policy for the overseas colonies • Philippines was used as a dumping ground to reward Spanish officials • Rampant corruption in the Government • Governor-general was the chief executive with the widest of powers Cultural Development • 1860 spread of...
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...Project Planning Process Project across most industries face huge uncertainty as regard to complex, ambiguous and dynamic environment (external environment) which can have impact on the project planning process. Similarly, projects are becoming larger and more ambiguous which make the execution and realisation of project complexity to be on the increase therefore increase our internal complexity. (Azim, 2010) established that project are increasingly being characterized as complex across most industries and sectors. (Vidal et al. 2011, p. 719) define project complexity as the property of a project which make it difficult to understand, foresee and keep under control, even when given reasonably complete information about the project system. Besner and Hobbs project (2012) established that size, complexity and together with risk (known unknown) and uncertainty (unknown unknown) are path of project characteristics to be considered in selection of project management toolsets to be adopted in their management approach. Each of the project classification approaches attempt to address interaction between complexity and uncertainty and the impact this interaction has on project planning process. The key principles for addressing complexity in the planning process. The complexity of project has always been there which make the need to execute and bring realisation of project complexity on the increase. Therefor the key principles of project complexity in the project planning...
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...Running head: Career Research Essay: Career Development Career Research Essay: Career Development Career Research Essay: Career Development Abstract Audiology was born out of the armed forces rehabilitation programs during and following WWII. The practice has expanded to include both diagnosis and treatment. Audiologists specialize in hearing and balance disorders. To become an audiologist, a doctoral degree is needed. It is an Au.D. earned from a program accredited by the CAA. These programs last at least 4 years. Audiologists held about 12,800 jobs in 2008, and about 13,000 jobs in 2012. Audiologists work with patients of all ages, from newborns to elderly. Keywords: Audiology CAREER RESEARCH ESSAY: CAREER DEVELOPMENT Audiology was born out of armed forces rehab programs during and following WWII, as many soldiers sustained injuries to their inner ears from loud noises. The practice was largely influenced by the invention of hearing aids-originally, audiologists could recommend amplification, but could not provide it. The Academy of Doctors of Audiology was formed in 1976, and audiologists moved beyond technician status. The practice then expanded to include both diagnosis and treatment. “Audiologists specialize in balance and hearing disorders. They diagnose hearing, neural, and balance disorders in patients from all age groups and recommend solutions to correct or cope with problems. To diagnose and correct balance and other hearing related problems...
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...industry and transport expansion propelled the United States into being the most technologically advanced superpower. On another hand, an outburst of health concerns ensued due to population explosion. This essay will outline these three major implications of industrialization in America between 1865 and 1920 in attempt to explain their effect on political, economic and social systems. Outline Growth of the US industry was reflected in various aspects such as raised living standards of Americans, introduction of new, cheaper and easily accessible consumer products and a shift from agriculture to industrialization. Growth of the industry was facilitated by a distinctive convergence of geographical, economic and social factors that made it possible for the nation to exploit its economies of scale (Olson, 2001). A notable outgrowth of industrialization after the civil war was the growth of the steel and iron industries that saw the US economy expand drastically. As a result, Americans were provided with employment opportunities thus living standards improved. Transportation also boomed with regions made easier to access by availability of improved roads, railway networks. According to Smith (2007), steam engines provided inexpensive movement of people and commodities. Railways and canals made it possible for factories to transport resources as well as increased peoples’ mobility. However, an unprecedented crowding of cities due to rural urban migration resulted to health problems as major...
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...COLIONIALISM. During the scramble for Africa, the Europeans basically had a lot to prove to each other. It is very easy to understand that at the time (1800-1900) European countries still struggled in crude ways to show dominance. This fact however couldn’t have single handedly driven the Europeans to Africa. There were also very rational reasons why. In this essay, those reasons will be stated. There were economic causes. The 1800s were very economically unsettled times that even lead to a depression in 1873. During this period, every industrial country was hurt, and Britain was seriously affected. Britain relied on raw materials, thus damaging its balance of trade. It also shouldn’t be forgotten, that there was a serious competition between newly industrializing nations that had new factories, and cheap labor. There was also the problem of political direst. These issues are known to arise in a state of economical instability. Europe at the afore mentioned time, experienced that problem. Britain particularly was undergoing significant changes in their system. The country that was once used to a unified political party system, had to evolve to a more fragmented patchwork of special interest groups like labor unions, landowners, bankers, industrialists etc. The people in power were eager for a new cause to unite the people when it mattered. In the year 1871, the unstable balance of power in Europe had been modified by the emergence of a strongly unified Germany and Italy, the severe...
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...The Hungarian Uprising of 1956 and the Prague Spring of 1968 were key events that shaped the outcome of the Cold War. Both countries were under the Soviet control during the post-war period. After the death of Stalin, when Khrushchev became the leader and the secret speech of destalinization have seen the daily light both countries introduced their own paths to socialism, first Hungary and 12 years later the Czechoslovakia. Both of the events had similar and different causes and consequences, which will be analysed in this essay. Hungary as well as Czechoslovakia wanted to reform their system. Both countries wanted the reforms to find ‘National roads to socialism’, or as they called it in Czechoslovakia, ‘the socialisms with a human face’. Both countries before the reforms were led by hard line Stalinists, which were one of the clear causes that led to the destalinization and the reforms. In Hungary the leader before the introduction of the reforms was Matyas Rakosi, or as the Hungarian sometimes called him, ‘the Bald Butcher’. He was incredibly unpopular within Hungary; he has murdered many people, hard to estimate the number, and imprisoned over 200,000. He was closely linked with the Hungarian secret Police the AVH, which were even more unpopular and hated than Rakosi himself. As well as in Hungary, Czechoslovakia had their hard line communist dictator. His name was Antonin Novotny, and as well as Rakosi he was very royal to Stalin and Moscow. He wasn’t as hard-line as Rakosi...
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...Gonzalez 1 Rachel Gonzalez AP U.S. History Mr. Cranston 20 March 2015 Chapters 12 and 13 Essay Assignment Major themes of history evolve as time progresses. From the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, to the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, massive shifts occur. Regarding work, exchange, and technology; America in the World; politics and power; as well as ideas, beliefs, and culture, the evolution between the centuries have changed the significant themes throughout the United States. Work, exchange, and technology play a huge role in Americans lives throughout each century. People rarely used money; services and products were paid for mostly through trades and barters. Home and work were not separated; they were the same place. Nobody stuck to a schedule; things were done as needed. Skills were acquired through apprenticeship. An apprenticeship lasted from three to seven years. Apprentices lived with their masters during this time period, while trading knowledge for labor. However, women were not allowed to have such apprenticeships. Women gained knowledge of domestic skills through their mother, as it was assumed that the women would marry. Some women would work respectably as: servants, laundresses, seamstresses, cooks, and food vendors—or not respected as prostitutes. Men directed the lives of family members and apprentices: deciding occupations for sons, marriages for daughters, etc. Women (the wives) were responsible for: food, clothing...
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...more products and order more raw materials. If consumers don’t feel as secure about their finances, they spend less money and the economy slows down. This example shows how important retail business is to the economy. The Sherwin Williams Company is a major global retailer that will be discussed. This essay will analyze Sherwin William’s production and operations management system, evaluate the use of teams in its production and operations management system, and also discuss Sherwin William’s ability to adjust when the economy faces a downturn. Describe a major global corporation Sherwin Williams was founded in 1866, just one year after the Civil War ended. The founders of Sherwin Williams were Henry Sherwin and Edward Williams. Sherwin Williams is the largest paint and coating producing company in the United States. This company is also among the largest producers in the world. Sherwin Williams operate in locations worldwide such as, North America, South America, Central America, the Caribbean, Asia/Pacific, and Europe. The company’s headquarter is located in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1866, there were no railroads to the Pacific Coast, no Suez Canal, no Panama Canal, no telephones, no electric lights, no electric railways, no typewriters, and no automobiles. With few...
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...Essay: Peter the Great v.s. Catherine the Great Peter the great first took to the throne in 1682 as a ten-year-old boy. Though he lacked proper education at first, he soon gained knowledge and set his sights for modernizing Russia. His ideas, however, were difficult to express, therefore he soon became an autocrat. He gained control over everything from the Russian Orthodox Church to boyars, or landowning noblemen, forcing them into various positions as civilians or military personnel. Forcing the boyars to shave their beads, change their style of clothing and allow women into their parties didn’t please them, however the boyars’ lands and servants were protected by Peter. Peter also ushered in a new generation in academics, creating better education systems and creating more academies. He also fixed up the roads, waterways and canals to help with his modernization of Russia. (Ellis & Esler, 168-169) Though his ideas proved to be good ones, he had a terrible tolerance for rebels, often torturing them and displaying their corpses on the outside of his palace walls. His army became the largest in Europe, he “Built a world-class navy from scratch,” and sought to extend the borders of his kingdom. He fought against the Ottoman Empire to gain a route for trade with the west that wouldn’t freeze over, but suffered defeat at their hands. ( Ellis & Esler, 169-170) Peter’s army went to war with Sweden in 1700, again suffering many defeats, but finally nine years later he won seizing...
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