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Essay On Cellular Cannibalism

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A compendium on Cellular Cannibalism

Introduction
The property of a cell to phagocytise or engulf another cell similar to its own or any other is termed as cellular cannibalism. It was first described by Leyden in 1904 and were referred as “bird – eye cells”. They are also known as “signet-ring cells”, due to their appearance. [1] [2]
Cannibalistic cells were initially noticed in cytological smears where the cell had ingested another cell. These cells consisted of a vacuole with the ingested cell and this vacuole pushed the nucleus to the periphery. [1]
The word cannibalism is derived from cannibals meaning human eating. Historic evidence suggest that a particular clan of Spanish people called as ‘Carib’ used to practise the act of cannibalism, whereas is Greece the act of cannibalism was referred to as ‘Anthropophagy’ – anthropos refers to man and phagein is synonymous to eating. [3]. Cellular cannibalism has fascinated researchers of oncology …show more content…
Although it is believed that cannibalism occurs as tumour cells feed on ingested cells and may be related to tumour cell nutritional deficiencies, but its exact mechanism is yet to be ascertained. The acidic microenvironment created during carcinogenesis as a result of shift in the metabolic pathway encourages a selected group of cell phenotypes to survive in this caustic environment than other cell types. These selected malignant cells are extremely virulent and has the capability to cannibalize or engulf their siblings as well as cells from the immune system so that they can perpetuate in adverse conditions within the microenvironment viz. hypoxia, low nutrient supply and acidity. The process of cannibalism involves a complex framework, wherein caveolae formation, and ezrin cytoskeleton integrity along with lysosomal proteases, cathepsin B activity plays a significant role.

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