...1. Introduction This essay will explore the extent to which a mature and cyclical product market led to Kodak’s bankruptcy in 2012 and subsequently entered the restructuring phase after three decades of consistent decline in its core film business (Kodak, 2015). It is evident from various sources that Kodak’s failure in seizing the opportunity in the rising digital photography market stem from its organization’s internal structure’s failures. It will be explored in this essay the driving factors that led to its restructuring and emergence from bankruptcy in 2013. Kodak had enjoyed decades of success, notably achieving US$10 Billion sales in 1981, from dominating the film photography market since George Eastman founded the company in...
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...Kodak and the Digital Revolution [pic] [pic][pic]Brief Overview: Kodak is a multinational American corporation which has become a household name most known for its film products. The company has come face to face with many changes due to the digital revolution which has created a rapid changing photography industry. George Eastman began Kodak in 1880 and introduced the first Kodak camera in 1888 coining the slogan “you press the button, we do the rest.” Eastman held a high standard for the company when it came to competition however with many managerial and product line changes, Kodak has slowly fallen behind in the industry. The company has experienced many shortcomings with the most recent trend of digital photography. According to Exhibit 7, from 1998-2002 Kodak was 2nd to Sony in the U.S. for the percent of units sold. The company is now considering layoffs as market share, film sales, and company revenues are down. Problems: § The company is faced with multiple managerial problems. First, the company lacked fresh blood in its management team. All of its CEO’s primarily came from the manufacturing jobs within its own company. This hurt the company overall and put a damper on keeping up with technological changes and competition as “Kodak avoided anything risky or innovative.” Second, when the company finally did add new blood to its management team things still didn’t look up. CEO Kay Whitmore was added in 1990 and changed the focus to “film based technology” such...
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...faltered and eventually declared Chapter 11 Bankruptcy in 2012 Running head: KODAK and FUJIFILM 3 The Eastman Kodak Company, which is better known as Kodak was established in April 1880 by George Eastman in Rochester NY. The company got its start by first manufacturing dry plates for sale to various consumers. (Kodak Eastman, 2013). George Eastman was an innovator in the field of photography and was dedicated to making photography an everyday affair and was even quoted to say that he wanted to make the camera as convenient as the pencil, (Kodak Eastman, 2013) In September 2012 Kodak reorganized into three segments: Digital Printing and Enterprise (DP&E); Graphics, Entertainment, and Commercial Films (GECF); and Personalized Imaging and Document Imaging (to be sold), (Finance, 2013). Kodak has effectively ceased production of its Kodachrome color film line, digital cameras and pocket video cameras. This follows a decision in early 2012 to file Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd (Fujifilm) is a Japanese based company and was established in 1934 based on a government plan to establish a domestic photographic manufacturing industry, and inherited the split-of photographic film operations of Dainippon Celluloid Company Limited in January 1934(Fujifilm, 2011). In February 1934 he Ashigara Factory began operation producing photographic film, print paper, dry plates and other photensetive materials. (Fujifilm, 2011). With...
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... 3 The Eastman Kodak Company, which is better known as Kodak was established in April 1880 by George Eastman in Rochester NY. The company got its start by first manufacturing dry plates for sale to various consumers. (Kodak Eastman, 2013). George Eastman was an innovator in the field of photography and was dedicated to making photography an everyday affair and was even quoted to say that he wanted to make the camera as convenient as the pencil, (Kodak Eastman, 2013) In September 2012 Kodak reorganized into three segments: Digital Printing and Enterprise (DP&E); Graphics, Entertainment, and Commercial Films (GECF); and Personalized Imaging and Document Imaging (to be sold), (Finance, 2013). Kodak has effectively ceased production of its Kodachrome color film line, digital cameras and pocket video cameras. This follows a decision in early 2012 to file Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd (Fujifilm) is a Japanese based company and was established in 1934 based on a government plan to establish a domestic photographic manufacturing...
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...Sony camera vs Nikon camera marketing strategy STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION The idea behind this continual process is that each step of the planning process requires some degree of implementation before the next stage can begin. This naturally dictates that all implementation cannot be postponed until completion of the plan, but must be initiated along the way. Implementation procedures specific to each phase of planning must be completed during that phase in order for the next stage to be started. Read more: Strategy Formulation - organization, levels, system, advantages, manager, school, company, hierarchy, business http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Sc-Str/Strategy-Formulation.html#ixzz1YzZon4PbImplementation of the strategic plan is the final step for putting it to work for an organization. To be successful, the strategic plan must have the support of every member of the firm. As mentioned in the beginning, this is why the top office must be involved from the beginning. A company's leader is its most influential member. Positive reception and implementation of the strategic plan into daily activities by this office greatly increases the likelihood that others will do the same. Advertising is key to successful implementation of the strategic plan. The more often employees hear about the plan, its elements, and ways to measure its success, the greater the possibility that they will undertake it as part of their daily work lives. It is especially important that...
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...has changed in negative ways. She states, “If cinephilia is dead, then movies are dead too . . . no matter how many movies, even very good ones, go on being made. If cinema can be resurrected, it will only be through the birth of a new kind of cine-love.” Susan believes that cinephilia in current days have decreased. I personally do not agree with Susan and her argument about cinephilia in modern times. I do agree with Sontag about cinephilia not being the same anymore, because it is not. Cinephilia has changed throughout the years, and in more positive ways than negatives ways. Today, cinephilia is enabled by new media technologies of the digital revolution (“The New Cinephilia, Girish Shambu). Many cinephile’s today find most of their mediators on the Internet, unlike back then, during the time period Susan Sontag talks about in her essay, cinephile’s got their mediators through newspapers and through their peers. Sontag expresses how she feels about the movies in America culture. She explains that going to the movies has been a major part of American culture during the...
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...Jason Parker Engl 1010-W01 Essay 2 17 February 2016 Interactive design and Experience The Smithsonian and Met Museum are both art museums that have an on-line presence. Both websites have art related agenda’s, pictures, and so on. While they both specialize in art they both have drastically different web appearances. The atmosphere of these two sites is in contrast. These two websites do not compete for the same viewers. Different art venues are posted, along with information and history of the art piece and pictures posted of the piece. The Smithsonian is located in Washington, D.C. The Met museum is located New York. Not everyone has the opportunity to visit these two museums, so having an on-line presence is essential to keeping the education alive. Educating people has obvious road blocks such as commuting, location, cost, basically too many to list. Education isn’t always the most exciting and so these two websites will be compared on their interactive design, experience, and user friendly navigation. Both museums are well known and the web offers a vastly new approach in how museums and historians are able to share, interpret, and explore anything from the past, to exhibits, artifacts, history, and so on. A digital standpoint making these exhibits come alive so it can be shared with millions of people is an extraordinary task and one that both the sites take on daily to engage the public and welcome them to a life-long relationship of learning. The Smithsonian has...
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...Morita collaborated to establish the “Tokyo Telecommunications Research Institute” which later transformed into Sony Corporation in 1958 (Sony story n.d.) . The company heralded an era of user friendly innovative products into consumer product markets world over. With its stringent quality commitment and matching service provision, Sony became a formidable brand that won the hearts of people and ruled stock market charts for a long time. From creating the rice-cooker, magnetic recorder, Sony gave the world, Sony Walkman and the famous Blu-ray technology (Sony story n.d.). Other feathers in Sony’s cap included transistor radio, Trinitron color television, Sony Handy cam and PlayStation game series (Sony corporate info n.d.). In the present essay, a market analysis would be attempted of the multinational company that Sony is. Market analysis of Sony Corporation Market analysis of Sony Corporation would involve studying its customers across Asia, Europe, America, Australia, and Africa (Sony corporate info n.d.). Additionally Sony’s competitors like Apple, Matsushita, Samsung, Warner Brothers, and financial service providers would be analyzed to understand their impact on the market performance of Sony. Also, the market analysis would configure the electronic, gaming, music, entertainment and mobile industry and the macro environment relevant for Sony’s business portfolio. The market analysis reveals useful information for the marketing team to identify niche markets and to design...
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...Abstract: A repository is a place where data are stored, eprints are located, multiple databases and files are located for distribution over a network. Final year project is one of the requirements for graduation for all undergraduate students. The existing method of keeping students’ final year project reports is manual. The hardcopy bound reports are stored on physically on shelves. This has some limitations which include sifting through the hardcopies to get relevant information and manually reading through the copies. The processes involved in completing these projects prove to be a tough mission. This paper attempts to develop a web-based repository for the use of undergraduate students embarking on final year projects. It also involves the design of a web forum to enhance collaborative students’ interaction. This is achieved by designing the system using Unified Modeling Language. The databases for both the repository and the web forum were created using MySql as the backend and Dreamweaver as the front-end. The system is a very good resource for getting information about the past undergraduate projects carried out by graduate students. Keywords: Repository, web forum, undergraduate students, final year projects, higher educational institutions 1. Introduction A repository can be defined as a central place where data is stored and maintained. It is a storage area that allows multi-user access to stored resources, when shared. Data in a repository...
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...for a diagnostic technology – Head CT Scan Throughout history, man has striven to explain poor-health and illness. It was originally thought that disease stemmed from being possessed by evil spirits and other supernatural causes. However, these concepts were rejected by the Greek physician Hippocrates around 400 BC in favour of disease having a physical, rational and therefore measurable cause, (Porter, 1994). Yet it was not until 1895 that Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered x-rays and began to revolutionise the assessment process using non-invasive techniques. (Nobel Lectures, 2012). Since then, many types of diagnostic imaging techniques have been discovered and developed which play an integral role in modern medicine. These include Ultrasounds, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, (MRI), Electrocardiograms (ECG) and Electroencephalography, (EEG). This essay will discuss; the rationale of referring a patient for Computerised-Tomography, (CT) scans; the support given throughout the process; evaluation of the benefits and risks of the technique and resulting diagnosis. A 28 year old male was brought into hospital by emergency ambulance after being involved in a motor-cycle accident. He had sustained multiple fractures and a dislocated shoulder. The paramedics reported that he had complained of severe headache and was aggressive and disorientated at the scene. He improved en-route to hospital. However, his mental state deteriorated on arrival and he had no memory of the accident...
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...DREAM COMPANY My Dream Company is Hewlett – Packard Co. I would like to see myself in top position as a General Manager of HP Company in near future. HP Company is known for its best quality products and great services. This prestigious organization gives me more opportunities like exploring my innovative thoughts in building this organization in perfect manner. “Because of its large scale productivity & services all over the world makes any person or customer comfortable. HP company is founded by two great personalities Dave Packard and Bill Hewlett by partnership on January 1, 1939 and it is a technology company established world wide” ( “Microwave Journal”, 2008) . Hewlett Packard, a company that has often been cited in business and management literature as being 'visionary', 'exemplar', 'innovative' and 'cutting-edge'. During the 1980s and 1990s, a variety of commentators suggested that the main reason why the company was so successful over a very long period of time could be found in the management of its corporate culture - 'The HP Way' (“Management Case Study Journal”, 2006). HP company gives a lots of great opportunities for the fresher’s in developing and manufacturing like designing software, networking hardware etc., where the fresher’s come into play because of its vast production employees can bring all their innovative thoughts and increasing the growth in friendly manner. And we all know that HP Company exceeding $100 billion and became first...
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...Abstract: Photography is an entity in the domain of visual arts the existence of which relates to values and principles pertinent to aesthetics. In line with the belief that each genre has typical aesthetic values and terms, photography with its partial genre also bears the same phenomenon. Each work of photography corresponds to a particular set of goals and emanates from specific creative concepts rooted in basic ideas which then emerge in the praxis of implementation. This praxis is made possible with the support of photographical tools and expressive techniques of visual language. This notion links closely to the ideational photographic concepts and technical consideration for the manifestation of aesthetic values. Key words: Photography, digital, ideational, technical, aesthetics Ide cemerlang Leonardo da Vinci atau Aristoteles ternyata tidak sia-sia setelah mewacanakan prinsip cahaya serta bayangan dari fenomena alam sebagai awal ditemukannya teknologi fotografi. Istilah fotografi diambil dari bahasa Yunani yang berarti drawing with light, secara berangsurangsur dikembangkan hingga hadir teknologi dunia fotografi yang canggih. Perkembangan teknologi fotografi yang bermula dari kamera kamar gelap (dark room) yang dalam bahasa Latin disebut obcura tanpa berhenti disempurnakan. Penyempurnaan fotografi secara praktis kali pertama ditemukannya kamera obscura oleh Joseph Nicephore Niepce di Prancis tahun 1826, teknologi cetak fotografi pada logam oleh Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre di...
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...market leader in providing photographic products and services to consumers and commercial customers around the globe for memories, entertainment and information. The company brings inventive and modern products to the market that allows people to take, make and share pictures and experience the magic of photography (History of Kodak, 2008). As the world leader, Eastman Kodak is always looking for talented people. Kodak has continued to expand the ways and images touch people's daily lives. Kodak is a top supplier of innovative solutions for digital, conventional and blended print production environment (History of Kodak, 2008). Eastman Kodak Company is an American multinational public company which produces imaging and photographic materials and equipment. It is known for its extensive variety of pictorial film products. Eastman Kodak is actually concentrating on two major markets; the first is digital photography and the second is digital printing (About Kodak's Graphic Communications Group, 2008). In Rochester and Jamestown New York, Kodak was founded by George Eastman and businessman Henry Strong. George Eastman as president purchased the stock of American Aristotype Company. In the year 1982, the Eastman Kodak Company was founded. The company is incorporated in New Jersey but has its offices in Rochester, New York. The slogan, You press the button; we do the rest, was given by the founder of the company, George Eastman (About Kodak's Graphic Communications Group, 2008). External...
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...technology’s consumer and professional markets. According with Rebort S.Kaplan and David P.Norton (2007), to measure strategic readiness, identify the intangible assets you needs to perform the internal process most critical to your strategy. Then assess your current capabilities in all these areas, identifying changes needed to improve alignment. Thus, applying the above mentioned approach the Sony Company is uniquely positioned to be one of the leading digital entertainment brands, offering an outstanding portfolio of existing multimedia contents. This approach is known Balanced Score card. Balanced Scored Card doesn’t treat strategy from only a financial perspective; it augments financial measures with objectives and metrics in three additional ’’perspectives’’-Customer relationship, internal process, and learning and growth. Company’s profile MISSION To provide Full Customer Satisfaction through Quality Service by Quality People. VISION To be the Leading & Most Trusted Service Network in the country for electronics and digital products in the broadband era. VALUES Customer-First Prioritize our customer’s needs as he/she is the main reason for our...
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...Kodak and Fujifilm By BUS 200 – Principles of Management October 29, 2013 Describe the History and core history of each company. Eastman Kodak Company was established by George Eastman in Rochester NY in 1882. In 1883, Eastman announced the invention of photographic film in rolls. The name Kodak was patent in 1888. He picked the unique name because he wanted a name that started and ended with the letter K. He also knew the name was different than any other names he has heard and would be unforgettable. Eastman as an inventor who introduced armature photopraphy placed its first camera on the market in 1888. The camera was pre-filled with 100 exposures, after taking pictures customers would return the whole camera back to the manufactures to get the film developed and the camera reloaded with more film. The company’s slogan was “You press the button, we do the rest.” George Eastman literally invented popular photography with the silver-halide film process. Eastman had a specific set of core values and mission statement for his company. The values he set forth are, respect for the dignity of the individual, integrity, trust, credibility, continuous improvement and personal renewal, recognition and celebration. The mission of Kodak is to “grow more rapidly than our competitors by providing customers with solutions they need to capture, store, process, output and communicate images anywhere, anytime.” The company prided itself on making sure...
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