...DISCRIMINATION AGAINST ON GIRL CHILD AND ITS IMPLICATIONS IN FUTURE. Kongala. Rama.Rao. Research Scholar. Department of Sociology & Social Work, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur-522510. Gender equality is more than a goal in itself. It is precondition for meeting the challenges of reducing the poverty, promoting sustainable development and building good governance Koffi Annan Introduction Indian culture is centuries old. In Vedic Age Indian Women enjoyed a high status in the home as well as outside. After the Vedic Period women status decreased step by step, due to social economical, ad political changes of the later centuries. Women lost their position in education, and other fields. Consequently evil customs such as purdha, Sati, child Marriage, polygamy, ad enforced widowhood crept in and the women’s status in the home and outside. Different social reformers has played key role for women upliftment. Sex Ratio Sex ratio, defined as the number of females per thousand males is an important social indicator to measure the extent of prevailing equality between males and females in a society at a given point of time. The sex ratio in the country had always remained unfavourable of females....
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...Impression of the gender inequality of the workplace There are many reasons why the woman earn very less, this is because the education and the work environment that the women seek. Besides that, the women also must look for the jobs that have the normal hours, good working conditions and safety. The woman has the ability to choose the field of the study in the arts and the social sciences that are more than the men. However, they have the ability to pursue the area for the interest over the area that it can help to lead to the stable high of the paying career. Although, there are have contain the main reason why the woman earn very less and they do not able to get what they want is because they have raised to believe that the nice girls always...
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...will get 3 50 mark essay questions, and you choose 2 of them. For example; Crime and Deviance 1. Outline and assess the Marxist view on crime and deviance. 2. Outline and assess the usefulness of the official statistics in recording crime and deviance. 3. Outline and assess sub-cultural approaches in explaining crime and deviance. There will be other topics such as the Sociology of Health, Religion and Media, but ignore them if you’re doing Crime and Deviance. You get 1 hour 30 minutes to complete this paper, so roughly 45 minutes on each essay is advisable. As for G674 - It is a 2 hour exam combining and consolidating all of the stuff you learnt in G671. From research methods to ethnicity, class, age etc. You get a source which you will need to read through at the start of your exam, a similar text to that of the pre-release in G671; however this will be the first time you will ever see it. You will be given 2 questions on research methods, a 15 marker (Outline and explain why sociologists use semi-structured interviews in sociological research, for example), and then a 25 marker (Outline and assess the view that ethnography research is the best way to study gender inequality, for example), the paper tells you that you should refer to your wider sociological knowledge and the source material provided to get a better grade. They want to see those vital synoptic links. These 2 questions are compulsory. You then have a choice of what essays you tackle, OCR provide...
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...Essay: Evaluate the role of education in society. Consider issue of gender in your response. Also, consider how such factors may impact on a person’s life chances. This essay will examine the role of education in society and an analysis of inequality in relation to Gender. It will discuss briefly education and examine the different theoretical approaches to education followed by an analysis of inequality using information on statistics of inequality in British education in relation to gender and attainment. This essay will Identify and evaluate key policy developments in education provision designed to bridge the gap of gender inequality in British education. The role of education in society has been among the major issues in contemporary sociological and political debate. According to Iannelli and Paterson (2005) education is a major factor that helps determine the jobs and social class positions of individuals in society. As an institution of sociology, education plays a dominant role in transmitting prevalent ideologies of society by providing pupils with the curriculum and hidden curriculum as well as the skills that will prepare them physically, mentally and socially for their life chances (Clark 2005). Educational institutions play a very important role in reducing social inequalities. Over the last century British schools experienced very important changes and moved from a selective system to a comprehensive one in the 1960s and 70s. Much research has shown that the...
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...Running Head: SEX ROLES AND GENDER INEQUALITY Sex roles and Gender Inequality SEX ROLES AND GENDER INEQUALITY Introduction Sex is defined as the biological differences between a male and female. Gender, however, can be identified as the way society organizes understandings of sexual difference (Shaw & Lee, 2001). In this essay, I will try to discuss whether gender differences, and in turn inequality, is a creation of people and society or it is indeed the natural state with virtue of their sexual character. This essay, which is written under the guidance of Daniel Bosley, part-time lecturer at Maldives National University, will focus upon the formation of gender, sex roles, feminine and masculine character, gender stereotypes and how it leads to gender inequality. SEX ROLES AND GENDER INEQUALITY Formation of Gender: Feminine and Masculine As people live together in a society, different roles are taught based on their sex known as sex roles, not much different from social role and socialization. The way individuals of different sexes acquire these roles, also known as role learning or socialization, is important in understanding how sexual characters are formed. “Feminine character is produced by socialization into the female role, masculine character by socialization into the male role – and deviants by some kind of failure in socialization” (Connell, 1987). The sex roles are therefore a set of prescriptions, attributes and expectations...
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...How Gender Inequality Is Explained Sociology How has gender inequality been explained? (Answer with reference to a range of theories and approaches) Critically assess the attempt of one of the feminist group to overcome gender inequality. Social stratification “A system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy’ (Macionis and Plummer: 2005: 190). Social stratification is common in different aspects throughout society and throughout history some of the most substantial categories affected are class, race, disabilities, sexuality and globally. However this essay shall be investigating the stratification by gender, referred to as gender inequality. There are many reasons for the disparity of gender “...circumscribed by its underlying social, legal, political, economic, and cultural characteristics” (Rives and Yousefi 1997:1). Gender stratification categories people in regard to their ‘sex’, this can be defined as anatomical differences and physiological differences between male and female for example the difference in chromosomes, sex organs and hormones. The word ‘gender’ has been socially constructed through the means of a stereotype and ideology of the social role, identity, position and behaviour of male and feminine through different institutions and aspects like the media, religion, culturally and historically. Up until the era of Suffragettes in the late 19th Century women were always deemed lower than men and inequality was highly significant...
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...Social Inequality essay plans for Part b) 30 mark question Evaluate the usefulness of sociological explanations of ethnic inequalities.(30) Evaluate the view that society is institutionally racist (30) Adapt according to question given Introduction Ethnic inequalities are still significant in the UK – give a few examples. Suggest some explanations e.g Racism, Institutional racism, social class of ethnic minorities (Marxism), welfare dependency (New Right). This essay will identify and assess these explanations. AO1 Define types of Racism e.g Barker and new racism, institutional racism – McPhearson report on murder of stephen lawrence – racism in met police. Jenkins suggests recruitment to jobs is more word of mouth and disadvantages ethnic minorities. Modood 1994 28% of african caribbean people surveyed said they felt they had been refused a job on grounds of race. AO2 There are many government acts such as Race relations acts which should prevent discrimination AO2 However because racism is implicit (hidden) now it can be difficult to prove in court. AO1 Marxists such as Westergaard and Resler argue that race is a distraction from the real issue which is social class. It is capitalism which disadvantages certain groups and ethnic minorities are more likely to be in lower classes. AO2 However this ignores the existence of racism in society e.g in education where black boys have the highest exclusion rates in school. AO1 Another marxist explanation by Castles...
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...has identified the relationship between patriarchy and gender as crucial to the women¡¦s subordinate position. For two hundred years, patriarchy precluded women from having a legal or political identity and the legislation and attitudes supporting this provided the model for slavery. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries suffrage campaigners succeeded in securing some legal and political rights for women in the UK. By the middle of the 20th century, the emphasis had shifted from suffrage to social and economic equality in the public and private sphere and the women¡¦s movement that sprung up during the 1960s began to argue that women were oppressed by patriarchal structures. Equal status for women of all races, classes, sexualities and abilities - in the 21st century these feminist claims for equality are generally accepted as reasonable principles in western society; yet the contradiction between this principle of equality and the demonstrable inequalities between the sexes that still exist exposes the continuing dominance of male privilege and values throughout society (patriarchy). This essay seeks to move beyond the irrepressible evidence for gender inequality and the division of labour. Rather, it poses the question of gender inequality as it manifests itself as an effect of patriarchy drawing from a theoretical body of work which has been developed so recently that it would have been impossible to write this essay thirty years ago. Feminist Theory and Patriarchy ...
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...Plato’s ideal polity, inequality of outcome and inequality of opportunity are not essential, however, inequality in organization and gender inequality are necessary for a viable state. Inequality of outcome will harm the state as Plato believes that wealth and poverty will prevent citizens from fulfilling their duties. Moreover, inequality of outcome will cause division within the state, leading to conflict between classes and disrupting internal peace. Inequality of opportunity also stands in contrast to Plato’s ideal polity as the purpose of removing children from their families and providing communal education is to establish equal circumstances for all citizens. This will also allow the rulers to correctly identify which children will...
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...expected to compete with their male counterparts. Currently, it is not uncommon to hear of a women CEO or Vice President in businesses or even a women politician. Women have now emerged from laundry rooms and kitchens across the country and changed the demographics of the American workforce. However women are yet to take the medical workplace by storm and redefine the preconceived notions society upholds about leaders in medical professions. Many women may be happy assisting a male doctor but the growing number of female doctors illustrates the point that women want the power and control that their male counterparts currently maintain. Western female thought through the centuries has identified the relationship between patriarchy and gender as crucial to the women’s subordinate position. For two hundred years, patriarchy precluded women from having a legal or political identity and the legislation and attitudes supporting this provided the model for slavery. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries suffrage campaigners succeeded in securing some legal and political rights for women in the UK. By the middle of the 20th century, the emphasis had shifted from suffrage to social and economic equality in the public and private sphere and the women’s movement that sprung up during the 1960s began to argue that women were oppressed by patriarchal structures. Equal status for women of all races,...
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...According to Annandale and Hunt (2000), since the early 1970s, the inequalities in gender have been a very important focus to sociological research. Generally, researchers have shown that the difference in gender usually influences people’s experience of health and illness. According to Armstrong (1980), women live about average of five years longer than men but women also suffer more illnesses compared to men throughout their lifetime. The reasons for these differences have been narrowed down to two possible explanations. First of all, difference in the biological constitutions of the different sexes which means that the two different genders experiences different type of illnesses and secondly, sometimes there are gender related actions and approaches to the concept of health and illness that differs amongst gender (Annandale, 2003). In this essay, key terms such as gender, health and illness will be discussed using essay. Also, this essay will be examined in three dimensions. Firstly, the gender differences that influence people’s health and experience of illnesses will be discussed. Secondly, using evidences, gender health inequalities will also be outlined. Thirdly, the importance and relevance of a nurse being aware of these gender inequalities and differences will also be examined. The sociological definition of gender is the cultural ideas and the distinct social expectation from male and female. This is different from sex which focuses on differences based on the biological...
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...“Eliminate Inequality, Not women Destroy Dowry, Not Daughters Daughters are not for Slaughter” The deprived position of women throughout the world irrespective of women race , religion and nation women empowerment has emerged as a universal issue for different groups of scholars and practitioners. They are now seriously concerned about the emancipation of women who are now leading a subordinate and subhuman life . Women in poor countries are in the most vulnerable position for several reasons. In such a situation the ‘missing women’ is the burning issue of the time and it need to be viewed from holistic perspective. There is a relationship between gender inequality, disempowerment of women, and backwardness of any society. Nowadays there connects another dimension of ‘missing women’. On this study different issues related to gender inequality and neglect have been discussed with a view to having a conceptual realization of women excess mortality and being “missing” in the context of South Asia. Definitions of special words used in this assignment In this portion we will discuss about those special words which frequently we used in the assignment and in the title. This discussion will help us to get the accurate meaning of these words in the context of our study. ♀ Gender Inequality and neglect: Gender inequality means that different behaviour, aspiration...
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...Homosexuality from a New Perspective Sexuality means many different things to different people, especially sexuality of a homosexual nature. Everyone has their own personal ideologies about sexuality, many of which have been forced on us by mainstream society's portrayal of what of is right or wrong. Bersani's objective is to take these societal sexual idiosyncrasies and turn them upside down to reveal how he feels gay male sex should be. In Bersani's article, Is the Rectum a Grave?, he entertains ideas of the self, sexuality (especially homosexuality), and power. Bersani believes that abolishing the self opens many options sexually and psychologically. He rejects conventional ideologies pertaining to sexuality like gender, identity and inequality but proposes new ways of thinking about sex and ones sexual identity by showing the reader new and unusual ways of viewing homosexuality and sexuality in general. In the article, Bersani discusses "the self" and that it should be eradicated. The following is what Bersani thinks of "the self": It is the self that swells with excitement at the idea of being on top, the self that makes of the inevitable play of thrusts and relinquishments in sex an argument for the natural authority of one sex over the other. This quote displays Bersani's thoughts of how one's self controls the way they have been trained to think. The self is formed through a lifetime's worth of experiences, actions, lessons, and just living in the world...
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...| An Expository on Gender Inequality in the U.S. | [Type the document subtitle] 4/8/2013 | Gender Inequality refers to unequal treatment of perceptions of Individuals based on their gender. It arises from differences in socially constructed gender roles as well as biologically, through chromosomes, brain structure and hormonal differences. Gender inequality stems from distinctions whether empirically grounded or socially constructed. Gender inequality is still an issue today and since 2010, there has been a measurement for this. It’s the Gender Inequality Index (GII). This shows the loss of achievement within a country due to gender inequality. Sex and Gender. As soon as a female is born, gender expectations influence how a girl is to be treated. Girls wear pink and yellow and wear dresses, play with Barbie dolls and help Mommy cook. Boys are to wear blue and green, wear jeans, play with trucks and eat mud. Seriously, if a boy comes into the house after he has been playing outside and is all dirty, that’s expected, whereas if a girl does that, it’s not lady like and is frowned upon. God forbid if you get your Easter dress DIRTY! Three areas that I will look into for this essay is sex and gender in the military, sexism and patriarchy and how women fulfill 4/5 properties of a minority. Sex and Gender in the military could be this whole essay, but I will try to just go over a few points. Even though, the ban has been lifted for women to serve on the...
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...Is The Film Industry Sexist? In this essay, I’m going to go over how women are treated in the film industry, go over and explain the concept of the Bechdel test, show the pay gap in the industry and how this reflects backs to Wales and affects the students of Bryntirion. Finally I’ll say how the industry should change and how it can be made more aware off in schools. First let’s start with how women were treated in films in the early 1900’s. Women were always given the role as the housewife’s, the weak victim who need a male hero to save them or the slag of the film. Everyone thinks the industry has made lots of progress since then. However the scary fact is, the only thing that has changed is the time period. From 2007 to 2012, The...
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