...Rape During The Antebellum Period The first African slaves arrived in Virginia, North America in 1619. As the plantations of the antebellum south flourished, the African slave trade gained momentum. Between the 16 and 19th centuries, America had an estimated 12 million African slaves (Slavery in the United States, Junius P. Rodriguez ). Enslavement of the African Americans formally commenced in the 1630s and 1640s. By 1740, colonial America had a fully developed slavery system in place, granting slave owners an absolute and tyrannical life-and-death authority over their slaves or 'chattels' and their children (Slavery in the United States, Junius P. Rodriguez ). Stripped of any identity or rights, enslaved black men and women were considered legal non-persons, except in the event of a crime committed. Documents and research on the slave era in the antebellum south are awash with horror stories of the brutal and inhuman treatment of slaves, particularly women (Slavery in the United States, Junius P. Rodriguez). Considered 'properties' by their masters, enslaved black women endured physical and emotional abuse, torture, and sometimes even death. By the 1800s, slavery had percolated down mainly to the antebellum south. While a majority of enslaved men and women were designated as 'field servants' performing duties outside the house, a smaller percentage, particularly women were employed as domestics or 'house servants', mammies and surrogate mothers. In the absence of any security...
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...Rape in the United States and India One in five women worldwide might be a victim of rape or got raped in her lifetime (The United Nations, n.d.). According to Rape Gordon & Riger (1989), women fear rape more than any other crime, numerus number of women and girls worldwide suffer from sexual violence and rape. The word rape came from a Latin word “rapere”, which means to steal, seize, or carry away (Polly, 2006). Rape has always been linked to violence, it is a type of sexual assault using violence or the threat of it to force sexual intercourse or other types of sexual penetration perpetrated upon a persons will, it does not discriminate against age, race, ethnicity, or gender so males are not excluded but it is usually a women. However, the definitions of rape vary and the definition has changed frequently over the past 30 years, mostly after the feminist movement (Chasteen, 2001). Ever since the colonial period, the way sexual assault and women’s sexuality is seen have changed dramatically. Back then, women or girls held the reputation of their families, as they were seen as the center of the family and were valued and respected for their sexual purity. If a woman had sex outside of marriage, willing to or even against her will, she was seen and a fallen woman that brought shame and was often blamed for her own victimization because sexual intercourse was acceptable only within marriage (Patrica & John, 1992). With the 1960’s feminist movement people have been...
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...* * ESSAY GUIDELINES FOR INTRO TO ADMIN * 100 POINTS * YOUR OWN NOT A GROUP WORK * REASERCH NOW * DON’T PROCRASTINATE * ESSAY IS DUE NOVEMBER 12, 2015 * USE ENGLISH TUTORS * TITTLE STUDENT LEARNING OBJECTIVES * TOPICS: ANALYZE AND EVALUATE THE CURRENT LEGAL SYSTEM IN THE US FROM A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE DESCRIVE THE 3 COMPONENTS OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTINCE SYSTEM: EXPLAIN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE POLICE, COUTS, AND CORRECTIONS CHARECTERIZE THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF CRIME AND ITS EFFECTS ON INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY * Crimes: * Conduct in violation of the criminal laws of a state, the federal government, or a local jurisdiction, for which there is no legally acceptable justification of exercise. Individual Rights: * The rights guaranteed to all members of American society by the US * Constitution * Especially those found in the first ten amendments US Patriot Act: * A federal law * Enacted in response to 9/11 * The law officially titled UNITING AND STRENGHTHENING AMERICA by providing appropriate tools required to intercept and obstruct terrorism act Individual Rights Advocate: One who seeks to protect personal freedom within the process of criminal justice Public Order Advocate * One who believes that under certain circumstances involving a criminal threat to public safety. The interests of society should take precedence over individual rights Civil Justice: ...
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...beneficial to society and the public and that the United States should continue to use capital punishment. When doing research for an essay paper it is important to use reputable sources and avoid unreliable or opinionated web sites or articles, such as Wikipedia and Answers.com. Areas or items I will use to do research for my death penalty paper will be the U.S. Department of Justice, Amnesty International, CNN news reports and articles, American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and the Pro-death Penalty web site. The Kaplan library has a Homeland Security Digital Library database which might contain some information that I can use and the Newspaper Source database is bound to have some pertinent information. The Kaplan library also has an abundance of articles and reports as well as a database with news and current topics I can explore for information. To get an idea of some material readily available in the Kaplan library database I did a keyword search on “pro death penalty” articles and three periodicals came up that I am going to review and they are: Top Ten Death Penalty Myths: The Politics of Crime Control; Debating the Death Penalty: Should America Have Capital Punishment; and Capital Punishment: A Century of Discontinuous Debate. I am confident that I will be able to obtain enough pertinent information to write a persuasive and informative essay. If I only had a couple of minutes to pitch for a vote toward capital punishment I would state the following: Capital punishment...
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...The purpose of this essay is to review Kimberle Crenshaw’s 1991 article about the marginalisation of women of colour. The article focuses on how feminism ignores black women’s ethnicity and how antiracist campaigns ignore black women’s gender. This is where the term ‘intersectionality’ arose from. Intersectionality is used to give people experiencing more than one form of oppression the opportunity to identify as both minorities at once instead of each one separately. For example instead of identifying as black and gay and a woman a person is able to identify as a black gay woman. This is intersectionality. As previously mentioned, the main topic of Crenshaw’s article is society’s ignorance of women of colour; both campaigns that could be aimed...
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...Women in film have been stereotypically portrayed since the invention of film. In an industry that is extremely male dominated stereotyping is very common. In film women make up 16.7 percent of directors, 4.1 percent directors, 12.2 percent of writers and 20 percent producers . In 2012 out of 67 top films of 2012 only twelve leading characters were female . This essay will be taking a look at various films from different time periods and analyze the way that women are portrayed. The research will focus on how feminine characteristics are considered inferior, women being portrayed as sexual objects, the importance of looking at issues that women face in, also taking a look at stereotypes that don’t seem to be going away regardless of when the films are made. This essay will focus on the evolution of film and how it represents modern day society. It will explore both the negative and positive aspects of the evolution of how women are...
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...or at least their own, (to them) well-known country. But to be civilized instead focuses more upon behavior, state of mind, and attitude towards others. However, our civilization is not always civilized; it has a history of violence, war, genocide and oppression of other races – something hard to define as civilized, or even human. But that is mostly forgotten, as we occidentals tend to see ourselves as the world’s saviors; we invented almost everything, hence we are the civilization… But I digress; The essay by Eula Biss runs in three segments; two longer, text-heavy parts, and then a short, concluding part. From the first to the second part there is a great change of mood, as the first part mostly devotes itself to describing the history of the telephone, and the quite silly struggle between private persons and the telephone companies that came out of putting up the telephone poles; however in the second part, that is divided from the first by three little stars, the essay suddenly focuses greatly upon the fact that a lot of black men were hanged in the telephone poles, and almost nothing about the continuing development of the telephone itself is mentioned – only that the “Early telephone calls were full of noise.” (line 95) and, at the very end of the second part, that “Bell had lived to complete the first call from New York to San Francisco, which required 14,000 miles of copper wire and 130,000 telephone poles.” (line 134) Part two begins with the sentence, “In 1898, (…)...
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...approach a presidential election, a hot topic has been abortion. The candidates have announced their stance of either being pro-choice or pro-life. Many people have based their choices on who they will vote for based on this stance, especially women. The United States of America was founded by those fleeing from religious persecution. In an article from the News Mail Bundaberg, the writer wrote that they did not “believe abortion should be used as a lazy form of contraception, but nor do I believe women's bodies should be legislated. Some say abortion is "playing God", but then so is all medicine” (unknown, 2010) Legalizing abortion guarantees that women receive the basic right to choose what happens with their own reproductive systems. Part II: Argument The right to choose is a big deciding factor in agreeing that abortion should be legal. There are certain instances in which a woman should be able to choose if they would like to continue with their pregnancy. For example, if a woman was raped and became pregnant, they should be able to choose whether or not they would like to have that child. Otherwise, they will end up with a child that they have to take care of that will be a constant reminder of that rape. Another instance is incest. If a woman is pregnant and the fetus is fathered by a family member, that woman should have a right to choose if they would like to have that child or not. If they do, they will have to deal with all the genetic consequences. Controlling the...
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...The Rise of Hentai in America, Part 1 Posted on August 8, 2012August 15, 2012 by CarrieLynn D. Reinhard (This paper, and the accompanying presentation I’m not bad, I’m just drawn that way, were done in 2006 for a women’s studies course at Ohio State University. Some of the facts may be a bit outdated, some have been updated, but I still stand by the interpretation of the texts. And, warning, this posting will include illustrated examples of pornographic cartoons, so it is definitely rated NSFW. Part 1 here discusses the subject matter; Part 2 compares hentai to live action pornography; Part 3 considers the ramifications of hentai.)  Created by a fan, and named “Jessica Rabbit Naughty Pin-up”. When Jessica Rabbit, the animated femme fatale of Who Framed Roger Rabbit? uttered the line “I’m not bad, I’m just drawn that way,” I sincerely doubt her creators knew that a decade later she would be made into an online porn star. Now, alongside other American and Japanese cartoon women, she has entire websites devoted to her. Is Jessica being objectified, degraded, and having her rights taken away? Logically, no, because Jessica is merely ink-and-paint, a figment of someone’s imagination brought to life only by the mechanical and visual trickery of animation. As she said, it’s not her fault she was drawn to represent a stereotypical male conception of an idealized woman. Why should we care if people have changed her from a children’s animated figure into an adult porn star? The...
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...for pornography and those against it. Is pornography harmful or harmless? Just what are the effects of pornography on society? Is it just simply a harmless way to release pent-up lust or does it play a big role in shaping society? Could minutes of watching pornography a day affect society in a big way - say for instance, the rates of sexual crimes like rape, molest and sexual harassment? In this essay, we will attempt to prove that there is a strong and direct correlation between pornography and sexual crimes by critically examining the arguments provided before we draw a conclusion. Our hypothesis is that, indeed, increased pornography viewer-ship will cause a rise in sexual crimes. This is an easy conclusion to draw, as one would expect those who frequent pornography to be more sexually imaginative, active and accepting as compared to people who would normally not watch pornography. We are tackling this topic by firstly examining the research done and secondly comparing the various arguments as found through research. We will also compare two very different countries - Malaysia and the United States of America (USA) - in terms of their pornography viewer-ship rates and sexual crime rates so as to further solidify our stand that sexual crimes are directly correlated to viewing pornography....
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...Running Head: Midterm Essay 1 Midterm Essay Armando 1 Running Head: Midterm Essay 2 Briefly identify and explain the key differences and similarities regarding the UCR, NIBRS, and NCVS programs. The Uniformed Crime Reporting (UCR) Program displays crime data for the United States, as well as for states, cities, counties and colleges. This allows for a comparison among neighboring jurisdictions and among those with similar populations and other common characteristics. The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) collects information on the frequency and of crimes such as rape, sexual assault, aggravated and simple assault, household burglary, theft, and motor vehicle theft. Both systems report different types of information and different details. The UCR program displays statistics for law enforcement administration, operation, and management. The UCR program utilizes what is called the hierarchy rule. If more than one crime was committed by the same person and the time separating the crimes was minor, then the crime highest in the hierarchy is the only crime reported. This seems like a very inaccurate method of recording data, one would assume that all records of offenses were taken into consideration for reporting purposes. The NCVS program collects information on crimes by individuals and households while also providing information on victims such as age, sex, race, marital status. The difference in the two programs is that each serves a...
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...Victimology Shawn Everett AIU Online Abstract This paper will discuss victimology, civil rights movement, children’s rights, crisis centers, and safe houses as well as list organizations and other resources. Victimology Victimology is considered the study of victimization which includes connections between both victim and the offender as well as the interactions between the victim and our criminal justice system which can include the police, courts, and correction officials. It’s also important to know that victimology is not limited to the connection between the victim, offender, and the criminal justice system, but it can also involve connections between social movements and many forms of human rights violations (Stevens, 2003). Victimology was born in the 1940’s after two criminologist from Europe named Von Hentig and Mendelson, also known as the fathers of victimology began studying victims of crimes. Their theory was that the victim’s behavior as well as their attitude was the cause of the crime to be committed. During its birth, the focus of victimology was on how the victims were equally responsible for certain crimes with the offender (Carson, 2009). By the 1960’s the focus of victimology shifted towards the rights of victims due to movements such as the Civil Rights movements and the feminist movements. From the 1970’s to the 1990’s victimology turned towards ways to stop future crimes from happening, help victims of crimes to become organized and empowered...
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...mentally oppressed for having a belief or belonging to an individual group, it can be individually demoralizing and degenerizing. Unfortunatly, The human race has been known to enforce their ability to oppress people through many avenues such as an individual belief in religion, a physical handicap or the way an individual may dress. However, for this essay, I have looked closely at specific females that were oppressed through unequality in specific to their individual race, social heirarchy of power, and sexuality. Unequality between male and female has been seen all over the United States. For example, American females finally were given the right to vote in 1920. In a racial sense, whether male or female, black and white people were segregated in public up until the 1950s. Financial status determined your ranking on the social hierarchy of power granting an individual the ability to have a great influence or to f. dFinancial status was signifigant; higher amounts of incomes meant one had a strong influence in society and respect was demanded. All of which were based on the norms of the time. Currently The United States of America does enforce laws that restrict physical harm onto others and enacted an equal opportunity act, thus enabling all Americans regardless of gender, financial status or race to be treated equally. Although we have seen oppression decline publically, we still see it happening on a daily base through sexual oppression. For example, in the book, The Color...
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...Assignment 2 Introduction In this essay, I will be comparing the different methods of reporting in relation to a heroin murder case. The heroin case in which I will be comparing the methods with is as followed; The suspect is a heroin addict. To support her habit, the suspect became involved with dealing drugs, theft, and robbery. The suspect sold heroin to the victim, stayed while the victim did the drug, left when the victim stopped breathing and did not call 911. After a call came into to 911 concerning the victim’s life, the police entered the apartment and found the victim deceased. The suspect is charged with five counts on distribution of heroin, five counts of possession with intent to distribute heroin and conspiracy. UCR The crimes committed by the suspect will be reported through various data reporting...
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...Americas Post Civil War Growing Pains 1865 to 1900 Robert Ryals Contemporary U.S. History Professor Terry Hammons October 23rd 2012 Abstract This paper is going to incorporate the key elements that contributed to the early revolution within American History. We are going to discuss the Presidential and the Congressional Reconstruction which occurred between 1865 to 1867, and how it laid the foundation to the dramatic changes of governmental ordinances and political ethics. Following that, we will discuss the ratification of the 15th amendment, enactment of the “Jim Crow” laws, Civil Rights Act, Wounded Knee, and the Spanish American War. This essay will attempt to illustrate the events that wrought change to the Americas, the key fueling factors in the momentum of change. The Presidential Reconstruction began with Andrew Johnson’s impeachment. Johnson possessed a background that mirrored Abraham Lincoln’s. Johnson was raised in poverty, which fueled his drive for prosperity and aided in his development into a businessman. Johnson was also a very qualified candidate for the presidency and boasted a politically accomplished resume.(Jenkins, 2003) Unfortunately, Johnson’s extreme disdain for the slavery lead to his demise, this was often translated into the belief that his plans for American restoration and reconstruction would be extremely detrimental to southerners, even worse then Abraham Lincoln’s...
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