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Carlsberg
Morgan Stanley Global Consumer Conference 2013
Jørn P. Jensen, Deputy CEO and CFO

Content

Group overview & history
Our brands
Financial performance
Western Europe
Eastern Europe
Asia
Appendix

The Carlsberg Group in head-lines

No. 4

largest international brewer

500

beer brands

No. 1

in Eastern Europe

No. 2

in Western Europe

120,000,000 hl. of beer sold in 2012

+16%

EBIT growth (CAGR) from 2005 to 2012

+18%

EPS growth (CAGR) from 2005 to 2012

3

The transformation of Carlsberg










Value management
Brand portfolio activation and scoping
Step change innovations
Business process standardization
Next level group efficiency
Back-end centralization and integration
Winning people
Corporate Social Responsibility

● S&N acquisition & integration ● Accelerate efficiencies and execute synergies
● Drive revenue growth

● Structure
● Operations

● Acquisition of 100% of
Carlsberg Breweries
● Excellence programs

● Establishment of Carlsberg Breweries

2000

2005

2010

2015 …
4

Three regions
Western
Europe

Eastern
Europe

Asia

Group

2012

% of total beer volume

42

37

21

46

39

15

2012

% of EBIT

The Carlsberg Group strategy wheel

WINNING
BEHAVIOURS

We want to win

Together we are stronger We are each empowered to make a difference

Our consumers and customers are a the heart of every decision we make

We are engaged with society

6

Content

Group overview & history
Our brands
Financial performance
Western Europe
Eastern Europe
Asia
Appendix

A Group of more than 500 different brands

8

Clearly defined Carlsberg brand portfolio

Adjacent categories International
Premium

Carlsberg

International
Premium Brands

Local
Premium

Flagship

Beer category Local
`Power Brands ’
Note: Selection from Carlsberg Group portfolio of 500 brands

9

Beer is core – but we are looking at adjacent categories Leveraging production and distribution capacities

CIDERS

BREWED
BEVERAGES
BEER

WATER

SOFT DRINKS

86%

of total volume 2012

OTHERS

ENERGY DRINKS

14%

of total volume 2012
10

Content

Group overview & history
Our brands
Financial performance
Western Europe
Eastern Europe
Asia
Appendix

Net revenue and operating profit

Net revenue

DKK bn
70

66,5

Operating profit

DKK bn
12

63,6
59,9

60

59,4

60,1

10,2
9,8

10

50
44,8

9,8

2011

2012

9,4

8,0

8

41,1
40

38,0
6
5,3

30
4

4,0
3,5

20

2

10

0

0
2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

12

Reported and adjusted EPS

Reported EPS

DKK
40

36,8
35,1

35

33,8

30

24,3

25

23,6
22,1

19,9

20

15
11,7
10

5

0
2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

13

Strong focus on improving cash flow
Free operating cash flow

ATWC/net revenue
DKK bn

12%

6

10%

5

8%

4

6%

3

4,8

2,1
4%

2

2%

1

0

0%
2006

2012

2005

2012

14

Outlook and longer term financial targets
2013
Earnings expectations

DKK

Operating profit

Around DKK 10bn

40

Adjusted net profit*

Mid-single-digit percentage increase

Adjusted EPS

36,1
35

*2012 adj. net profit: DKK 5,504m (adjusted for after-tax impact of special items)

30
27,3
25

Longer term
Ambition

20

Western Europe

Improve the operating margin by an average of
50bp or more per year for at least the next five years Group

Deliver average growth in adjusted underlying earnings per share* of more than 10% p.a.

* Adjusted for special items after tax

15

10

5

0
2009

2012

15

Content

Group overview & history
Our brands
Financial performance
Western Europe
Eastern Europe
Asia
Appendix

Western Europe footprint
NORWAY
Ringnes
• No. 1
• Market share: 53%
• Breweries: 2
• Employees: 1,261

SWEDEN
Carlsberg Sverige
• No. 1
• Market share: 33%
• Breweries: 1
• Employees: 946

FRANCE
FINLAND
Sinebrychoff
• No. 1
• Market share: 53%
• Breweries: 1
• Employees: 827

Kronenbourg
• No. 1
• Market share: 29%
• Breweries: 1
• Employees: 1,508

POLAND
Carlsberg Polska
• No. 3
• Market share: 18%
• Breweries: 3
• Employees: 1,239

SWITZERLAND
UK
Carlsberg UK
• No. 4
• Market share: 15%
• Breweries: 1
• Employees: 1,665

Feldschlösschen
• No. 1
• Market share: 43%
• Breweries: 1
• Employees: 1,287

BALTIC STATES
Saku
Aldaris
Svyturys-Utenos Alus
• No. 1-2
• Market share: 33-40%
• Breweries: 1
• Employees: 1,004

DENMARK
Carlsberg Danmark
• No. 1
• Market share: 54%
• Breweries: 1
• Employees: 1,643

GERMANY
PORTUGAL
Unicer
• No. 1
• Market share: 48%
• Breweries: 2
• Employees: 661

(Northern)

Carlsberg Deutschland
• No. 1
• Market share: 18%
• Breweries: 2
• Employees: 581

SOUTH EAST EUROPE
Carlsberg Serbia
Carlsberg Croatia
Carlsberg Bulgaria
Carlsberg Greece
• No. 2-3
• Market share: 15-28%
• Breweries: 5
• Employees: 1,782

ITALY
Carlsberg Italia
• No. 4
• Market share: 7%
• Breweries: 1
• Employees: 328

Western Europe – key facts

• 50m hl beer

Pro-rata beer volumes

• 15,000 employees

• 24 breweries
France

Others

2011

2012

Organic growth Beer volumes (m hl)

49.7

50.3

1%

Other beverages (m hl)

15.1

14.5

-4%

Total volumes (m hl)

64.9

64.8

0%

Net revenue

36.9

37.7

1%

EBITDA

7.3

7.0

-5%

EBIT

5.4

5.1

-6%

UK

DKK bn

Poland

Nordic countries Balkan
Baltic
States

18

Western Europe – improving profitability and returns Invested capital and ROIC
(rhs)

EBIT and EBIT margin (rhs)
DKK bn

DKK bn

6

18%

5

15%

30

21%

18%

25

15%
4

12%

20
12%

3

9%

15
9%

2

6%

10

1

3%

5

0

0%

0

2005

2012

6%

3%

0%
2005

2012

19

Supply chain integration and business standardisation (BSP1)

• Implementation of BSP1 in Western Europe has started in 2013
• Centralising management of procurement, production, planning and logisitcs across
Western Europe enabled by
– Standardisation of processes and data, supported by a common SAP platform
– Full transparency across markets
Improved performance management across markets and breweries


BSP1 is one of the most important projects in recent years, being a key enabler for the transformation of the operating model in
Western Europe

20

Scope and benefits of BSP1

• BSP1 to be rolled out across Western Europe in 2013-2015
• Benefits of BSP1
– Improve capabilities
– Improve customer service and efficiency
– Increase speed
– Optimise asset utilisation
• Additional costs related to BSP1
– 2013: close to DKK 400m
– 2014: approx. DKK 400-500m
– 2015: approx. DKK 500m

21

Strong commercial execution driving market share growth Volume growth (y/y)

3%
2%
1%
0%
-1%
-2%
-3%
-4%
-5%
-6%
-7%

2010

2011

2012
WE market (estimated)

Q1 2013

Q2 2013

Q3 2013

Carlsberg

• Increased focus on commercial execution driving positive market share momenntum
– Implementation of Value Management tools
– Further roll-out of international premium brands
– Increased level of innovations
– Portfolio optimizations
– Increased focus on sales and marketing investments

22

Content

Group overview & history
Our brands
Financial performance
Western Europe
Eastern Europe
Asia
Appendix

Eastern Europe footprint

KAZAKHSTAN
Derbes
• No. 2
• Market share: 33%
• Breweries: 1
• Employees: 421

BELARUS
Olivaria
• No. 1
• Market share: 26%
• Breweries: 1
• Employees: 597

UZBEKISTAN
Carlsberg Uzbekistan
• Breweries: 1
• Employees: 300

UKRAINE
Carlsberg Ukraine
• No. 2
• Market share: 29%
• Breweries: 3
• Employees: 1,787

AZERBAIJAN
RUSSIA
Baltika
• No. 1
• Market share: 38%
• Breweries: 10
• Employees: 8,864

Baltika-Baku
• No. 1
• Market share: 69%
• Breweries: 1
• Employees: 239

Eastern Europe – key facts

• 45m hl of beer

Pro-rata beer volumes

• 12,000 employees
Others

• 17 breweries
Ukraine

2011

2012

Organic growth 47.7

44.7

-6%

1.9

1.8

-7%

Total volumes (m hl)

49.6

46.5

-6%

Net revenue

19.7

20.2

1%

EBITDA

5.8

5.9

-1%

EBIT

4.3

4.3

-3%

DKK bn
Beer volumes (m hl)
Other beverages (m hl)

Russia

25

Strong Eastern European profitability

DKK bn
6

EBIT and EBIT margin (rhs)
30%

5

25%

4

20%

3

15%

2

10%

1

5%

0

0%
2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

26

Continuous value growth of Russian beer market

Russian beer market

Russian beer market, consumer value
RUB bn

m hl

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

0

2001

0

2000

90

2012

17

2011

180

2010

34

2009

270

2008

51

2007

360

2006

68

2005

450

2004

85

2003

540

2002

102

2001

630

2000

119

27

Russia

Baltika
• Market position: No. 1
• Market share: 38%
• 10 breweries
• Employees: 8,864
• Key brands: Baltika 3, Baltika 7, Bolshaya Kruzhka, Baltika
Cooler, Zatecky Gus, Arsenalnoe, Tuborg
Russian volume market share
40%

38%

36%

34%

32%

30%

28

Russian brand portfolio
Baltika
segment position Largest brand Super premium #1

Tuborg

Premium

#1

Baltika 7

Mainstream

#1

Baltika 3

Lower mainstream #1

Arsenalnoe

Discount

#1

Bolshaya
Kruzhka

Non-beer brands 29

Content

Group overview & history
Our brands
Financial performance
Western Europe
Eastern Europe
Asia
Appendix

Asia – strong regional foot-print

HONG KONG
Carlsberg Hong Kong Ltd
• No. 2
• Market share: 24%
• Employees: 200

CHINA
(Western)
• No. 1
• Market share: 50-55%
• Breweries: 40
• Employees: 6,625

VIETNAM
SEAB
Hue Brewery
Habeco
Vinataba
• No. 2
• Market share: 38%
• Breweries: 6
• Employees: 832

LAOS
Lao Brewery Co.
Lao Soft Drinks Co.
• No. 1
• Market share: 98%
• Breweries: 2
• Employees: 1,095

NEPAL

INDIA
South Asia Breweries
• No. 3
• Market share: 7%
• Breweries: 6
• Employees: 615

CAMBODIA

Gorkha Brewery
• No. 1
• Market share: 74%
• Breweries: 1
• Employees: 354

Cambrew
• No. 1
• Market share: 64%
• Breweries: 1
• Employees: 1,457

MALAWI
Carlsberg Malawi
• No. 1
• Breweries: 1

MALAYSIA
SRI LANKA
Lion Brewery Ceylon
• No. 1
• Breweries: 1

SINGAPORE
Carlsberg Singapore
• No. 2
• Market share: 20%
• Employees: 74

Carlsberg Brewery
Malaysia Berhad
• No. 2
• Market share: 44%
• Breweries: 1
• Employees: 687

31

Asia – key facts

• 25m hl of beer

Pro-rata beer volumes

• 13,500 employees

• 59 breweries

Malaysia

Others

India

2011

2012

Organic growth 21.3

25.4

10%

2.1

2.8

14%

23.5

28.2

10%

Net revenue

6.8

9.1

19%

EBITDA

1.6

2.2

15%

EBIT

1.3

1.7

12%

DKK bn
Beer volumes (m hl)
Other beverages (m hl)
Total volumes (m hl)

Indochina

China

32

Asia – profitability and returns

DKK bn
2,0

EBIT and EBIT margin (rhs)

DKK bn

Invested capital and ROIC (rhs)

20%

20

15%

1,6

16%

16

12%

1,2

12%

12

9%

0,8

8%

8

6%

0,4

4%

4

3%

0%

0

0,0
2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

0%
2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012
33

Recent events –
Q3 announcement and dividend policy

• Q3 announcement
– Organic beer volume decline of 2%

– Market share gains in all three regions
– Organic revenue growth of 1%
– Price/mix of 2%
– Strong commercial execution

– Organic operating profit growth of 2%
– Tight cost control
– Continued efficiency improvements
– Adj. EPS growth of 5%

– 2013 outlook maintained
• New dividend policy
– Pay-out ratio of at least 25% from 2015

34

Q&A

TM

Content

Group overview & history
Our brands
Financial performance
Western Europe
Eastern Europe
Asia
Appendix

China
Wusu Xinjiang Beer Group
8 breweries
Ownership share
65%

Lhasa Brewery
1 brewery
Ownership share

Lanzhou Group
3 breweries
Ownership share

50%

Ningxia Group
1 brewery
Ownership share

70%

33%

Qinghai Huang He Brewery
1 breweries
Ownership share
50%

Yunnan Group
2 breweries
Ownership share

100%

* 12 breweries in the JV, Chongqing Jianiang Co. Ltd.

Chongqing
11+12 breweries*
Ownership share

29%

Guangdong
1 brewery – supplies
Carlsberg beer to all of
China and Hong Kong
Ownership share
99%

Page 37

37

Dividend per share and pay-out ratio

Pay-out ratio DKK
7

40%

6,0

6

35%

5,5
4,8

5

4

30%

5,0

4,8

25%

4,0
3,5

3,5

20%

3
15%
2
10%

1

5%

0

0%
2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012
38

Debt and financial leverage
Net interest-bearing debt

Net debt/EBITDA

DKK bn
45

5x

4x

44,2

35,7

36

3,8

32,7

32,5

32,5

2010

2011

2012

3,3
3x

2,7

27

2,7
2,4

2,3

2,4

2,4

20,8
19,2

2x

2006

2007

18

1x

19,7

9

0x

0
2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2005

2008

2009

39

Diversified sources of funding

• Conservative funding policy

Floating
14%

Other
13%

• Main funding sources are bonds and long-term bank facilities
• Bank funding
– EUR 1,749m committed bank facility due Oct. 2015
– EUR 800m committed bank facility due Dec. 2016
– No financial covenants

• EUR 5bn EMTN programme
– EUR 3.9bn utilised

Fixed;
86%

EUR
87%

Mortgage
4%

Other 2%

Banks 35%

– 3 bond issuances in 2012 at attractive terms

Bonds 59%

40

Capital resources

Time to maturity, non-current borrowings

DKK bn

Committed credit facilities and net financial debt, end Dec. 2012

DKK bn

15

60

12,7
12

9

48

36

8,1
7,4

6

24

5,4

3,1
3

12

0

0
1-2 years

2-3 years

3-4 years

4-5 years

> 5 years

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

41

Carlsberg shares and ownership
Key share data

Major shareholders
Carlsberg A

Carlsberg B

Company

Ownership

33,699,252

118,857,554

The Carlsberg Foundation

30% of capital
75% of votes

DKK

DKK

Oppenheimer Inc

+5% of capital

NASDAQ OMX
Copenhagen

NASDAQ OMX
Copenhagen

DK001018167-6

DK001018175-9

Symbol

CARL A

CARL B

Reuters

CARLa.CO

Bloomberg

No. of shares
Currency
Stock market

ISIN

Note: In accordance with the Danish Securities Trading Act

Geographical break-down of shareholders
Geography

Ownership

CARLb.CO

Denmark

21%

CARLA DC

CARLB DC

USA

28%

Votes per share

20

2

UK

22%

Par value

20

20

Other

29%

Note: Excluding The Carlsberg Foundation

42

Carlsberg ADR program (Sponsored Level 1)

Symbol

CABGY

CUSIP

142795202

Exchange

OTC

Ratio

5 ADRs: 1 ORD

Depositary

BNY Mellon

Effective Date

26 February 2010

U.S. ISIN

US1427952023

Underlying SEDOL

4169219

Underlying ISIN

DK0010181759

43

Disclaimer

Forward-looking statements
This presentation contains forward-looking statements, including statements about the
Group’s sales, revenues, earnings, spending, margins, cash flow, inventory, products, actions, plans, strategies, objectives and guidance with respect to the Group's future operating results. Forward-looking statements include, without limitation, any statement that may predict, forecast, indicate or imply future results, performance or achievements, and may contain the words "believe", "anticipate", "expect", "estimate", "intend", "plan",
"project", "will be", "will continue", "will result", "could", "may", "might", or any variations of such words or other words with similar meanings. Any such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause the Group's actual results to differ materially from the results discussed in such forward-looking statements. Prospective information is based on management’s then current expectations or forecasts. Such information is subject to the risk that such expectations or forecasts, or the assumptions underlying such expectations or forecasts, may change. The Group assumes no obligation to update any such forwardlooking statements to reflect actual results, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors affecting such forward-looking statements.
Some important risk factors that could cause the Group's actual results to differ materially from those expressed in its forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: economic and political uncertainty (including interest rates and exchange rates), financial and regulatory developments, demand for the Group's products, increasing industry consolidation, competition from other breweries, the availability and pricing of raw materials and packaging materials, cost of energy, production and distribution related issues, information technology failures, breach or unexpected termination of contracts, price reductions resulting from market driven price reductions, market acceptance of new products, changes in consumer preferences, launches of rival products, stipulation of market value in the opening balance sheet of acquired entities, litigation, environmental issues and other unforeseen factors. New risk factors can arise, and it may not be possible for management to predict all such risk factors, nor to assess the impact of all such risk factors on the Group's business or the extent to which any individual risk factor, or combination of factors, may cause results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. Accordingly, forward-looking statements should not be relied on as a prediction of actual results.

44

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...Process and Procedure Essay Samples are Helpful Guides in Writing Saturday, June 20th, 2009 Process and Procedure Essay Samples will Assist You in Understanding this Essay Format First of all let’s find out what essay is called process and procedure essay. It is an essay which sometimes called “how to” essay for it guides in certain activities or gives instructions as how to do some job (procedure) or complete a certain task. When you feel difficulty with this essay type, you can find process and procedure essay samples which can give you useful tips into creating an essay which will be have high rating. Process and procedure essay outlining certain procedures or directions to perform certain activity is an important task if one needs to learn how to compile clear instructions to serve the needs of professionals in different fields. These can be helpful for engineers, teachers, doctors and even housewives when it concerns cook books which are also some kind of instructive writing. Procedure essay writing is a useful skills for managerial personnel as they need to organize people and direct them toward certain activities. Process and procedure essay samples can be found online in abundance. Through these essay examples one can get some notion about procedure writing and take some notes how to complete a good piece of process essay. One may note that procedure can include descriptions, warnings and recommendations to the procedures described. To provide guidelines for...

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...Essay Writer can provide students with the exact answers to their essay assignments through our free essay section as well as our custom essay writing services. All of Essay Writer’s free essays are uploaded to our site by some college and university students in the UK to serve as informative guides and comparative templates to help you finish your own essay writing tasks with greater ease and clarity. These sample essays are readily downloadable and very easily accessible; just simply select a subject area or topic from our list of available subjects. You can then go through our list of available essay titles under that subject. Welcome to Essay Writer’s free essays section! You can now access our very extensive collection of free essays. These essays are all original and previously not made available to anyone, and are excellently written and submitted by some well meaning college students who wish to share their knowledge to help you do better in writing your own essays. Below is the list of the subject areas we cover in our free essays section. Simply select the subject that corresponds to your need. You will then be shown a list of all the essay titles available for that specific subject. Essay Writer regularly updates its free essay database. Keep checking back for additional subjects or topics. You may also bookmark our Free Essays page to make it easier to check back on the availability of our free essays. To bookmark this page, simply click on the bookmark...

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...HOW TO READ ESSAYS YOU MUST ANALYZE 1. Take a pencil in your hand. 2. Read the essay over once, quickly, looking for the main idea, for what the essay is about in general, and for what the author seems to be saying. Don't get bogged down in details. (If you come to an unfamiliar word, circle it but go on reading). 3. Check the meaning of unfamiliar words. If they seem to be key words, i.e., if the author uses them more than once, scribble a brief definition at the bottom of the page or at the end of the essay. 4. Now re-read more slowly and carefully, this time making a conscious attempt to begin to isolate the single most important generalization the author makes: his thesis. Follow his line of thought; try to get some sense of structure. The thesis determines the structure, so the structure, once you begin to sense it, can lead you to the thesis. What is the main point the author is making: Where is it? Remember, examples or "for instances" are not main points. The thesis is the generalization the author is attempting to prove valid. Your job, then is to ask yourself, "What is the author trying to prove"? Another way of identifying the thesis is to ask yourself, "What is the unifying principle of this essay"? or "What idea does everything in this essay talk about"? or "Under what single main statement could all the subdivisions fit"? If the author has stated his thesis fully and clearly and all in one place, your job is easier. The thesis is apt to be stated...

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...to write A Level Sociology Essay Assessment With reference to the present AEB syllabus, there are three main skills being assessed in your essays. 1. Knowledge and Understanding (9 marks) 2. Interpretation and Application (9 marks) 3. Evaluation (9 marks) What Does This Mean? What this means is that for writing an essay is that the content (studies, names of researcher, dates, figures, concepts, although important need to be organised coherently, applied to a variety of social situations and interpreted, and expressed in a critical fashion. You must be aware of the skills being highlighted in the question in order to use the appropriate skills in your essays. You should also practice writing essays regularly and develop a technique which addresses the skills required so that you can actually answer the question set. I hope that this handout should allow you to achieve this. Stage One Many students are too quick into diving into an answer. They have focused on certain key terms and ‘assumed’ what the essay requires from a quick look at the question. Instead, the question should be read a number of times. Task One With the title provided. Analyze the question by underlining the key features in the essay title Double underline the skills being assessed, e.g., describe and explain Identify any terms or concepts contained in the question. These terms will need to be defined, i.e. concepts such as interactionists. Essay questions will also include...

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...from these events? How have they affected your personality or how you deal with situations now? Remember the focus of the essay is on the contrasting impacts of these events in your life. These events do not have to be major events, they could be minor in nature but their impact on you could be great and long lasting. Undertake the task of pre writing for this topic. Select your two events. Describe them in point form. Consider their diverse impacts on your life. By the end of this class you should have completed your pre writing and make sure you get your sheet signed by me. You have the week to work on your first draft. Those of you who would like to show me the first draft are free to submit it to me online and I shall hand them back to you online. I will tell you whether you are on the right track, however this is optional and you will not be penalized if you do not show me your first draft. You need to give me Draft 1 by Tuesday, Feb 26. This will be an online submission under Assignments on ilearn. I will correct it and give it back to you by Sunday March 3, and then you will work on changing the draft according to my corrections and bring it to class on Tuesday, March 5 when we will have a peer review session. So after our class today you need to upload your first drafts of the essay in a week, by Feb 26 in an area marked out as Essay 1 under Assignments on Ilearn. You need to exchange your second drafts with two of your classmates on Tuesday, March...

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...tutorial x 13 weeks)     Level: Foundation/Matriculation     Lecturers: Ms Fazidah Abdul Jamil., Mdm Goh Wan Chen, Ms Saratha Thevi Ramasamy, Ms Norzaireen Shamsul Kamar Synopsis: This course is designed for students who require the necessary skills for tertiary studies. Some basic grammatical concepts are taught and students are to apply them in their writing. Writing will focus on the development of coherent paragraphs. Reading skills will cover such strategies as scanning, skimming, main ideas, contextual clues and inferences. Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this subject, student will be able to: 1. write summaries as well as process, comparison-contrast and cause-effect essays 2. apply basic grammatical concepts in writing 3. answer questions based on academic texts 4. give oral presentations Textbook: 1. Daise, D., Norloff, C., and Carne, P., (2011). Q: Skills for Success 4 : Reading and Writing Oxford University Press, UK 2. Paterson, K, and Wedge, R., (2013). Oxford Grammar for EAP. Oxford University Press, UK Recommended References: Cambridge International Dictionary of English (1997), Cambridge University Press, UK Mode of Assessment: [1] Class participation 5% [2] Quiz 1 15% [3] Quiz 2 10% [4] Oral Presentation 10% [5] Mid-Term Examination 20% [6] Final Examination 40% Syllabus – FDENG001 |Week |UNIT |Topics ...

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...Define Your Thesis For essays that are part of an Early Years Care & Education Degree, it is important to clearly define a thesis statement within the first paragraph of the essay. Even if you are given a topic to write, such as the importance of preschool classes in low-income neighborhoods, you need to develop a strong thesis in your own words. Here is an example: "Preschool classes in low-income neighborhoods are a crucial step in helping all children enter elementary school at the same educational level, regardless of the income of the family." Once you have defined a clear thesis, you can proceed to the rest of your essay. However, without a clear thesis, your essay will not hold up. Use Examples The majority of your essay should be a careful and clear argument that supports your thesis statement. Do research and cite as many examples as possible to prove your point. For an essay about the merits of all-day educational opportunities for preschool-aged children, check trustworthy sources such as the National Association for the Education of Young Children and national PTA. Provide each point in a strong and complete paragraph. Each paragraph should have a main statement, supporting information and a conclusion. Tie In Conclusion After you have made your argument, state your conclusion in a clear and concise manner. Whether you have proven that the teacher ratio in a preschool setting should be lower than 4 to 1 or made a case for more national funding for the education...

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...Carmen Hollow Mr. Beurskens College English Critique Essay: The Morals of the Prince May 3, 2011 The Grey Area between Good and Evil: A Critique of “The Morals of the Prince” by Niccolo Machiavelli Introduction We’ve all made a promise that we couldn’t keep and we have all felt bad about breaking those promises. Whether it was a promise to our parents, our children or a co-worker, we don’t feel good about it, but sometimes it can’t be helped. Usually if we couldn’t keep a promise it was for a good reason and not a selfish one. To the person that we made the promise to, we may be viewed as uncaring or unreliable, but to ourselves we know that we had to make a decision that could hurt someone but at the same time our decision could help that same person or persons. Making a promise and not being able to keep it for one reason or another, is one of the few topics that Machiavelli writes of in his essay “The Morals of the Prince”. He also tells why he believes a prince should be feared rather than loved, and why a prince should be stingy and not generous. He wants us to know how a “perfect” prince should act and behave so that the prince will be viewed upon as a great prince. Summary Machiavelli writes about how he believes a prince should act and behave to be considered a successful prince, one that is loved and feared, liberal and stingy, one that knows when to keep his word and when to break it. In his essay, Machiavelli writes “a prince who wants to keep his post...

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...Basic techniques for generating ideas. Brainstorming. Brainstorming consists in writing series of words or sentences just as they flow from our mind, although they have no logical order or connections. Once the words are written down, we have to establish relationships among them. This is the embryo of the future text. Free writing. Free writing is a similar technique to the brainstorming. Consists in writing a text without previous decisions or ideas about how we want to write it. Just choosing a topic and writing about it, and then we can summarise the main ideas. Organisation of information. There are some basic rules for writing a well - structured text. The text should be organised in a clear way; it must not be a twisted or an incomprehensible lot of ideas. We have to try to write according to certain conventions about hoe the text is organised. We have to structure our text in paragraphs. Each paragraph must express one idea. Some rules referring to the paragraphs: A paragraph must be clearly separated from other paragraphs, either by an empty line or by indenting the first line, or both. There must be no blank spaces or half-empty lines inside the paragraph. A paragraph in academic prose does not begin with a dot, a line or a kind of mark, except in special circumstances. Each body paragraph must normally have a topic sentence, and more than one sentence. Types of paragraphs. The introductory paragraph. There must be at least one...

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