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Ethic People

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Submitted By zaganiacz16
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Adrian Szmigielski

Co rozumiemy przez „dobre państwo”?

Dobre państwo musi posiadać wszystkie cechy,które zawiera klasyczna definicja państwa i prawidłowo je rozumieć i wypełniać swoje zobowiązania wobec obywateli. By mówić o tym jakie powinno być dobre państwo muszę przytoczyć jednak definicje państwa według politologów,a więc:„Państwo jest przymusową organizacją wyposażoną w atrybuty władzy zwierzchniej po to,by ochraniać przed zagrożeniami wewnętrznymi i zewnętrznymi ład,zapewniający zasiedlającej jego terytorium społeczności,składającej się ze współzależnych grup o zróżnicowanych interesach, warunki egzystencji korzystne odpowiednio do siły ich ekonomicznej pozycji i politycznych wpływów (Mariusz Gulczyński „Nauka o polityce” Wyd. Druktur,Warszawa 2007). Według tej definicji państwo powinno pełnić funkcje służebną wobec narodu,rodziny i jednostki. Państwo jest po to, aby wyżej wymienionym zapewnić bezpieczeństwo zarówno wewnętrzne jak i zewnętrzne. Jakie powinno być dobre państwo?Do tej definicji można jeszcze dodać to,że państwo powinno zagwarantować możliwość rozwoju oraz wolność wyznawania swoich poglądów i przekonań,a także pomóc żyć swoim obywatelom według ich norm etycznych co w obecnych czasach czasem jest trudne do zrealizowania. Jednak na początku chciałbym przedstawić główne zadania państwa wobec tych trzech czynników które się składają na państwo.
Zaczynając od jednostki czyli pojedynczego zwykłego obywatela. Dobre państwo powinno zapewnić bezpieczeństwo jednostce poprzez zwalczanie przestępstw oraz innych dewiacji. Państwo ma do dyspozycji,w obecnych czasach,silnie rozwinięty aparat policji i sądowniczy. Jednak ludzie nie mogą czuć się bezpiecznie w kraju ponieważ w obu przypadkach występuje duża biurokracja co neguje szybkie i skuteczne eliminowanie przestępstw.
Kolejne zobowiązanie państwa wobec jednostki to zapewnienie jej maksymalnie dużej dawki wolności,jednak na tyle dużej aby nie przekraczała ona granic prawa i tradycji,nie niszczyła innych jednostek,rodziny i narodu. Myślę że w dzisiejszych czasach nie do końca jest stosowana zasada wolności słowa,na przykład niektóre poglądy polityczne są zakazane co w teoretycznym dobrym państwie nie powinno mieć miejsca.
Następnym ważnym aspektem dobrego państwa jest według mnie zapewnienie albo wręcz nie przeszkadzanie w rozwoju osobistym,ekonomicznym i duchowym jednostki. Ten aspekt jest akurat zwykle prawidłowo realizowany ponieważ każdy w naszym kraju ma wolność wyznania. Każdy też może decydować samodzielnie o swoich funduszach,gdzie je zainwestuje bądź zaoszczędzi. Rozwój osobisty jest trochę gorzej bo choć występuje obowiązek szkolny to jednak później nie każdego stać na kontynuowanie nauki na studiach lub rozwijanie swoich talentów jak przykładowo gra na instrumencie bądź uprawianie jakiegoś sportu.
Państwo powinno także pomagać tylko jednostkom,które tej pomocy bezwzględnie potrzebują i tylko w granicach które nie przeszkadzają narodowi, rodzinie i innym jednostkom, oraz prowadzi do samowystarczalności jednostki w możliwie najszybszym czasie. Według mnie każdy człowiek jest w stanie znaleźć sobie pracę nawet nie w swoim zawodzie a innym,takim do którego nie potrzeba szczególnych kwalifikacji. Jednak w naszym kraju państwo wspiera większość bezrobotnych, którzy ani myślą szukać pracy korzystając z tego że państwo się nimi opiekuje.
Z drugiej strony ciężko jest kontrolować tych wszystkich bezrobotnych i dzielić ich na tych co mogą znaleźć pracę tylko się nie starają a takich,którzy tej pracy nie mogą znaleźć,a szukają.
Kolejną ważną kwestią są podatki. Dobre państwo jest zobowiązane to pobierania podatku jednak w takiej wysokości,jaka jest potrzebna do zagwarantowania bezpieczeństwa oraz pomocy w skrajnych sytuacjach. Niestety trudno jest trzymać się tej zasady, dlatego że w dzisiejszych czasach kryzys dopadł też państwo,co spowodowało powiększenie się dziury budżetowej i państwo, a raczej rząd musi sobie z tym jakoś radzić. Radzi sobie z tym poprzez zwiększenie stawki podatków. To niestety nie powoduje że państwo jest dobre bo zamiast starać się pozyskać środki z innych źródeł, jak na przykład zmniejszenie diet poselskich,korzysta z przymusowości płacenia podatków.
Dobre państwo szanuje własność prywatną,a jej ograniczenia stosuje tylko w skrajnych przypadkach,dla interesu narodowego za odszkodowaniem,w które wliczona być musi wartość danego mienia dla jednostki,nie tylko finansowa ale także osobista. Tak więc państwo wobec jednostki powinno zapewniać kolejną z podstawowych wolności,praw:prawo do własności. Dla normalnego państwa nie jest to zbyt trudne do osiągnięcia jednak historia pokazała,na przykładzie Związku Radzieckiego,że ograniczenia własności prywatnej są łatwe do wprowadzenia.
Drugim ważnym zobowiązaniem państwa jest służebność wobec rodziny. Ten właśnie element jest kolejną,poza jednostką,częścią składową państwa. Wszystkie powinności które ma państwo wobec rodziny muszą być wypełniane skrupulatnie,ponieważ rodzina,moim zdaniem, jest ważniejszą nawet częścią państwa niż jednostka,która jak sama nazwa mówi jest pojedynczą osobą. Z drugiej strony rodzina zrzesza kilka osób i jeśliby na przykład taka rodzina wyjechała z kraju to państwo traci nie tylko kilku obywateli ale też i szansę na przyszły rozwój, poprzez utratę dzieci tejże rodziny.
Jednym z wielu obowiązków dobrego państwa wobec rodziny jest chronienie jej przed zagrożeniami zewnętrznymi jak i wewnętrznymi. Łączy się to z obowiązkami wobec jednostki,czyli ochroną przed przestępstwami ale także przed innymi państwami.
Kolejne zobowiązanie to pozostawienie wychowania dzieci rodzinie. Ten element jest dosyć ważny bo przecież dzieci to jednak przyszłość państwa i powinny być wychowane w duchy patriotyzmu a także poszanowania przynależności do tegoż państwa. Z drugiej strony rodzina nie wychowuje swojego dziecka odpowiednio co może zaszkodzić państwo, wtedy według mnie państwo może wystąpić z minimalną interwencją.
Dobre państwo powinno pomagać rodzinom w razie potrzeby,najlepiej finansowo lub wskazując odpowiednią fundację. Jednak w naszym kraju państwo nie udziela wystarczającej pomocy rodzinom na przykład wielodzietnym zwykle zasiłki są zbyt niskie lub też opieka społeczna nie przyznaje ich w ogóle. Ważne jest wypełnianie tego zobowiązania dlatego że,to może pomóc w utrzymaniu rodziny w kraju,ale także podnosi zaufanie rodziny co do państwa i w jej oczach państwo będzie uważane za opiekuńcze i właśnie dobre.
Jeszcze jednym ważnym punktem które obowiązuje państwo jest nie wkraczanie w życie rodzinne jeśli nie ma informacji o łamaniu prawa oraz nie ułatwianie rozpadania się rodzin, o ile nie zachodzi w nich przemoc. W dzisiejszych czasach państwo nie zawsze ma pełny dostęp do informacji co dzieje się w rodzinach,dlatego też często ingeruje w sprawy w które czasem nie powinno ingerować. Aby dobrze wypełniać ten obowiązek urzędnicy państwowi mogą na przykład częściej odwiedzać poszczególne rodziny aby móc zapewnić im godne życie co jest jednym z podstawowych praw człowieka.
Ostatnim aspektem dobrego państwa jest według mnie stosunek państwa i jego obowiązki wobec narodu. Można powiedzieć że naród tworzy państwo,choć nie do końca jest to prawdą,naród jest jednym z ważniejszych czynników dobrego państwa i ogólnie państwa. Postaram się teraz wymienić kilka najważniejszych według mnie „zachowań” dobrego państwa wobec narodu.
Najważniejszy z nich to ochrona suwerenności i niepodległości narodu i państwa. Tutaj wszystko odnosi się raczej do stosunków dyplomatycznych państwa ze swoimi sąsiadami i nie tylko. Główny obowiązek to utrzymywanie przyjaznych bądź neutralnych stosunków z innymi państwami i według mnie nie wszczynanie wojny jako pierwsi,chyba że następuje poważne naruszenie praw ludzi na przykład mniejszości lub bezpośredni atak. Oczywiście nie zawsze jest możliwe utrzymanie nie podległości lub suwerenności ponieważ nie mamy wpływu na to czy atakuje nas potężny przeciwnik z którym nie mamy szans czy słabszy.
Kolejny ważny punkt to strzeżenie tradycji narodowych i pamięci o ich bohaterach. Ten aspekt państwo może wypełniać w dosyć prosty sposób,głownie przez naukę w szkołach historii, a także poprzez świętowanie ważnych świąt narodowych jak Dzień Niepodległości. Innym sposobem na strzeżenie tradycji narodowych jest budowa i utrzymanie muzeów,gdzie starsi i młodsi będą przypominać i dowiadywać się o dawnych dziejach kraju i państwa.
Dobre państwo powinno dbać o dobry wizerunek narodu na świecie, bez wywyższania się ponad inne narody. W tym przypadku raczej nie jest to tak proste do zrealizowania przez państwo bo na wizerunek narodu za granicami pracują obywatele którzy żyją w innych krajach właśnie. Dlatego też często nie od państwa zależy jak obcokrajowcy widzą naród.
Poza tym państwo powinno większą część swojej władzy jednostkom samorządowym,a jeszcze więcej instytucjom pozarządowym,wyspecjalizowanym w poszczególnych aspektach.
Podsumowując, dobre państwo aby być dobrym właśnie musi zapewniać swym obywatelom bezpieczeństwo,wolność słowa,wolność wyznania,godność ale też i pomoc finansową i duchową. Tak więc państwo odnosząc się do podstawowych praw człowieka, poprzez ich realizowanie i pomaganie w ich wypełnianiu nie powinno zbytnio ingerować w życie i postępowanie ludzi. Z drugiej jednak strony sam przymusowy charakter państwowości jest ograniczeniem wolności wyboru,jednak nie jest to zbyt duże z naruszenie praw człowieka i państwo jako te właśnie dobre powinno zapewnić nam życie zgodne z naszymi etycznymi i moralnymi pobudkami. Takie dobre państwo aby wypełniać te zobowiązania musi stworzyć i narzucić pewne przepisy,a my jako ludzie którzy pragniemy dobrego państwa powinniśmy je wypełniać,aby żyć w harmonii i ładzie z państwem,a także nie mieć powodów do narzekania na złe państwo które po części sami stworzyliśmy.

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...An ethic is a moral philosophy by which one should abide. My belief is that ethics are a code of integrity and because of this an individual should undermine all rationality in order to influence one's "ethics" and determine what is right and what is wrong. Ethics are used in everyday life to determine moral direction and to penetrate absolute good over relative good. The problem is how "absolute good" is to be determined within transitional societies. Another problem involving ethics is its role amongst the lives of humans and what purpose it truly serves. And so, ethics are benevolent trade. Ethics help one to determine moral direction. Ethics are different from deeds in that they are not physical nor serve a demonstrative purpose. They are rather a set of beliefs aroused by thoughts and conscience, and in being so, they influence people's behavior and validation of and around other beings. And when one person feels that they lead a good life and they commit beneficient deeds without expecting recognition they know that they are integral members of society in that they don't listen to the "whisperer" which leads one astray, but rather compose a set of principles that is extraordinary. How is "absolute good" determined? There are various ways of determining this. Is it possible that "absolute good" is determined by an individual's degree of confidence in one's work? My personal belief is that "absolute good" comes from your conscience. I don't believe that there is a real "absolute...

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Ethics

...Ethics When the term “ethics “is brought up, lots of things come up in mind. In brief, ethics can be comprised of a set of moral issues that should always be respected. In addition, they are concerned with rules that one could not either feel or see in an abstract manner. They revolve around issues that are either good or bad. In fact, ethics are a set of principles that should be highly respected by all members of the society. Consequently, ethics should be instilled at an early age rather than learnt at an older age simply because it will be much harder at a later age. Moreover, I should also mention that our community teaches us a great deal about ethics. An example of this would be telling the truth. In other words, when a child is raised and taught to tell the truth, it can be said that they have ethics. Other examples may include, but are not limited to, the following: treating others nicely, abstaining from unaccepted behavior, domesticating animals, loving one’s family, and so on and so forth. Based on these examples, ethics should be treated as a form of human awareness based on control. Additionally, ethics regulate all types of behaviors in all spheres of social life with no exceptions as far as politics, work, science, etc. As far as the source of my personal ethics, I should humbly mention that it is a direct result of my religious background. To explain, my religion teaches me a great deal about ethics. For example, my religion teaches me to treat others nicely...

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Business Ethics

...Abstract Business Ethics is the application of general ethical concepts to specific situations confronted in a business. The main question asked when analyzing business ethics is what is right and what is wrong as far as someone’s behavior in a business. What principles or what rules can be used a guidance in certain business situations. Some people feel that business and ethics should not go hand-in-hand. They feel that there is no room for ethics in business. While others feel that businesses need to practice good ethical and moral values within their company. Ethical questions can range from a company’s obligation to be honest with its customers, to a company’s responsibility to protect employee’s rights. There are several concepts and approaches that businesses can refer to in helping them make moral business decisions. Business Ethics Business Ethics studies and evaluates business decisions according to moral concepts and judgments. Business ethics has two main characteristics. One, it tells people what they should and should not do. Two, it sets a list of principles or rules to be followed. Deciding how we behave towards ourselves and others is a matter of making choices. Making the right choices can be extremely crucial in a business environment. Why Ethics is Important in Business When business people think about business ethics they are usually thinking about one of three things. The first is to avoid breaking the law in a work related activity. The second is...

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