...Letter to a Philosopher Elbert Avery PHI/105 Nov, 06, 2013 Letter to a Philosopher I am writing this letter to John Dewey regarding his theory of pragmatism. I am choosing this theory because it interests me in the scientific aspect of your thinking. I know that you chose to challenge logicians to answer the question of truth. This is a hard thing to sort out and make real and true. Going up against some of the times most logical thinkers and challenging them to come up with true answers was one of your strong points. I know that you were not totally opposed to modern logic as you have stated “logic based upon the idea that qualitative objects are existential in the fullest sense. To retain logical principles based on this conception along with the acceptance of theories of existence and knowledge based on an opposite conception is not, to say the least, conductive to clearness – a consideration that has a good deal to do with existing dualism between traditional and the newer relational logics.”(Qualitative Thought 1930) This statement to me means that you had maybe exhausted the traditional way of thinking that you had imagined. I believe that you had to reach for more answers and different ways to get those answers. Truth is a hard thing to come by and it is not easily obtained. I know that you were a philosopher of science and that you used this to try and understand the world. From you research you did not stretch the truth but rather examined all of the parts that...
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...Ethical Role of the Manager In a broad construction of the ethical role of the manager, managing and leading can be said to be inherently ethics-laden tasks because every managerial decision affects either people or the natural environment in some way—and those effects or impacts need to be taken into consideration as decisions are made. A narrower construction of the ethical role of the manager is that managers should serve only the interests of the shareholder; that is, their sole ethical task is to meet the fiduciary obligation to maximize shareholder wealth that is embedded in the law, predominantly that of the United States, although this point of view is increasingly accepted in other parts of the world. Even in this narrow view, however, although not always recognized explicitly, ethics are at the core of management practice. The ethical role of managers is broadened beyond fiduciary responsibility when consideration is given to the multiple stakeholders who constitute the organization being managed and to nature, on which human civilization depends for its survival. Business decisions affect both stakeholders and nature; therefore, a logical conclusion is that those decisions have ethical content inherently and that managerial decisions, behaviors, and actions are therefore inherently ethical in nature. Whenever there are impacts due to a decision, behavior, or action that a leader or manager makes, there are ethical aspects to that decision or situation. While some skeptics...
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...It is often stated that the most important resource of any organization is the Human Resource. This essay addresses the relevance of ethics in Human Resource (HR) Management and discusses various ethical and motivational aspects, including ethical values and ethical decision-making. Ethics is an integral and vital aspect of Human Resource Management since most of our actions and decisions have ethical manifestations with consequential ramifications in the HR domain. There is a general belief that ethics is concerned only with financial propriety. Whilst this aspect certainly involves ethics, ethical management is all encompassing concerning each and every facet of your professional and personal life. There is a story, probably apocryphal, which illustrates this. There was a cyclonic storm and millions of fish were washed ashore and were struggling for life on the beach. A man came to the beach and patiently began to pick up the fish, one by one, and throw them back into the sea. An amused passerby asked him what difference it would make, to which the man pointed to the fish in his hand and said, “Ask this fish?” Thus, we see that seemingly routine decisions, which at the organizational level do not appear to have major ethical magnitude, have large ethical significance at the individual level. The purpose of this paper is to give you a basic understanding of the fundamental concept of ethics, to have you...
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...Philosophical Approaches to Ethical Decision Making Get Tutorial by Clicking on the link below or Copy Paste Link in Your Browser https://hwguiders.com/downloads/acc-260-week-4-critiquing-philosophical-approaches-to-ethical-decision-making/ For More Courses and Exams use this form ( http://hwguiders.com/contact-us/ ) Feel Free to Search your Class through Our Product Categories or From Our Search Bar (http://hwguiders.com/ ) As a student we are required to evaluate the philosophical approaches for each scenario from Appendix B. Evaluating whether or not the reasoning for the course of action listed makes sense. While working on the evaluation of the philosophical approaches we will discuss if the course of action is the most ethical, the best reasons for making the choices, and the reasons for believing this alternative is ethical. Consequentialism is the intent to maximize the usefulness of a decision. For this the relevance of this act depends on its consequences. For this approach it is essential to have a good ethical decisions and perception of it. With this it is important for students to analyze a decision in how the harmful and/or the benefits. This many philosophers’ debate ht consequences should count Deontology is different because it focuses on the obligation or duty in motivating the decision or the actions of the consequences. This depends on the respect, rights, and fairness. This approach brings up issues related to duty, rights, moral standards, and the...
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...Ethical and Moral Issues in Business Ethics and morals are often used interchangeably, but they are not quite the same. Ethics can be applied personally or in the business world, and the processes in these two situations can be different. This essay will explore the difference between ethical and moral issues, and personal and business ethics. Examples will also be given to demonstrate these issues in the business world. Ethics and Morals Every person has different life experiences, and these life experiences work together to create individual personalities. The core values of a person are defined as his or her morals. But ethics and morals are often interchanged because they are so closely related. In actuality, ethics applies morals. Ethics tend to be more standardized in relation to social acceptance. Trevino and Nelson define ethics as “the principles, norms, and standards of conduct governing an individual or group” (Trevino & Nelson, 2007, Ch. 1). Morals act as a basis for ethical decisions. Personal morals will differ among people. For example, one person believes that eating meat is not morally right, but another person believes that eating meat is just a normal part of life and therefore morally acceptable. These are simply differences in moral values. This can be an important factor in business when hiring a new employee. Employers will want to make sure that a potential employee has a moral set that will be workable with the business’s ethics. Ethics are tied...
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...ethics scandals, which raised significant enquires about the roles of leadership in shaping ethical conduct (Brown, Trevino & Harrison 2005). Leaders by nature are responsible for motivating their subordinates to carry out a task or to behave in a certain manner. According to Starratt (2005), ethical leadership requires ethical leaders, as it is believed that how the leaders conduct themselves have direct impact to the organization in terms of organizational culture and employee values. Also mentioned by Resick et al. (2006), ethical leadership focuses on how leaders use their social power in decision-making, influencing others as well as the actions they engage in. Therefore, if leaders are ethical, they can maintain high level of ethical awareness and ensure that ethical practices are carried out throughout the organization. Often, ethical leaders display a high level of integrity that is important to stimulate a sense of leadership trustworthiness. These factors provide the foundation for personal characteristics, which directly impact a leader’s ethical beliefs, values, and decisions. However, studies also show that leadership integrity only accounts for one minor portion of a person’s trait. In this essay, we attempt to provide insights and discuss ethical leadership and also attempt to prove that ethical leader is mostly about leadership integrity. Moral Person and Moral Manager While production and profitability goals are often being taken as a leader’s primary...
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...business have a responsibility to serve as the “moral conscience” of their clients. The accounting profession requires ethical behavior in order to maintain the public trust. Ethical problems and dilemma arise when there is a conflict in fulfilling the moral duties or obligations and self interest. Therefore the CPA and public accountants are required to act in the line with the standards and code of ethics. According to the Utilitarian theory the action is considered as ethical if it results in achieving the greatest good to the maximum number of people. The AICPA principle of professional conduct requires that members should act with responsibility, in public Interest, objectively and independently, with integrity and due care towards the professional and technical standards to deliver the quality services. A profession is considered as a group of specialized people who posses skill based upon their impenetrable knowledge and thus they are expected to act in the best interest of public. According to the IFAC code, the responsibility of the professional accountant is not to satisfy the needs of the employer or the client but to serve the public interest. Adhering to the above expectations and professional requirements, the CPAs should serve as the moral conscience of their clients. When the CPAs come across any activity of the client which is not ethical they should discuss the issues with their clients considering the ethical and moral standards. The professional should try to...
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...Week 1 What is the difference between morals and ethics in the workplace? Might something be ethical but immoral? What about unethical but moral? Which is more important to an organization, to be ethical or moral? Why? Morals and ethics relates to individual character, ethics, and morals but also applied in business world. Ethics stresses a social systems to which application of morals that influences ethical behavior at work whereas morality consists of rules of human behavior and specifies that certain behavior or actions are wrong or immoral and others are right or moral (De George, 2010). The decision’s one makes, whether it is for personal or professional reasons falls into either an ethical or moral decision making category. Morals define personal character. Moral decisions are based upon the beliefs of the individual while ethical decisions are guidelines, standards, and laws that affect the business professional’s decision-making process. In an ethical climate, people are held accountable and decisions are made based on what is in the best interest of the company or its employees and not what nets the greater financial gain for an individual at the expense of the company’s ethical fiber. Issues that arise in business can sometimes be ethical but immoral or vice versa. Business organizations face ethical and moral decisions daily. Ethics in business are central in the organization as it provides standards that form the moral integrity of the company. Effective leaders...
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...My View of Business Ethics Summary Paper of My ‘Ethical Position’ From My Experience, Knowledge And What I Have Gleaned From The Business Ethics Class. ABSTRACT The ability to recognize and deal with complex business ethics issues has become a significant priority in twenty-first century companies. In recent years, a number of well publicized scandals resulted in public outrage about deception and fraud in business and a demand for improved business ethics and greater corporate responsibility. The publicity and debate surrounding highly visible legal and ethical lapses at a number of well known firms, including AIG, Countrywide Financial and Fannie Mae, highlight the need for businesses to integrate ethics and responsibility into all business decisions. The field of business ethics deals with questions about whether specific business practices are acceptable. For example, should a salesperson omit facts about a product’s poor safety records in sales presentation to a client? Should an accountant report inaccuracies that he or she discovered in an audit of a client, knowing the auditing company will probably be fired by the client for doing so? Should an automobile tire manufacturer intentionally conceal safety concerns to avoid a massive and costly tire recall? Regardless of their legality, others will certainly judge the actions taken in such situations as right or wrong, ethical or unethical. By this very nature, the field of business ethics is controversial...
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...think your choice would be most affected by your individual moral development or by the cultural values of the organisation for which you work? Explain" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nowadays, the current global business culture requires the making of critical decisions by employees at every level of a firm’s hierarchy. Since ethical standards are not codified, these business decisions will often involve dilemmas or disagreements that are bound to ethical or moral nature and such decision making is also essential to almost all business activities and functions that a company determines to take on. The focal point of mostly every ethical dilemma that an employee may come across in the course of daily business tasks usually includes choosing an option which will benefit the organisation (or the society) or selecting an option which will be beneficial to the individual only. Inflating expense accounts is considered as one of these difficult decisions that an employee may encounter during their career. Being in this situation, one must evaluate his individual moral development and the cultural values of the organization in order to make the final decision. Because it is impossible to codify ethical standards into practical and meaningful policies, it is necessary to understand the ethical decision making process in order to prevent misconduct. The two important...
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...JPMorgan Chase &co. | 3 | 1.2 | Should the boss bear the blame | 5 | 1.3 | Elements of moral judgement | 8 | 1.4 | Where people get their values | 11 | | List of References | 14 | QUESTION 1.1 MORALITY OF THE ACTIONS OF JP MORGAN According to Buchholtz and Carroll (2012) moral management conforms to the highest standards of ethical behaviour or professional standards of conduct, motives, goals orientation towards the law and general operating strategy. Moral management pursues its objectives of profitability, legality, and ethics as both required and desirable. Moral management would not pursue profits at the expense of the law and sound ethics. The operating strategy of moral management is to live by sound ethical standards, seeking out only those economic opportunities that the organization or management can pursue within the confines of ethical boundaries. The organization assumes a leadership position when ethical dilemmas arise. The stakeholders at JPMorgan Chase & Co. case include executives at the bank, other employees, competitors to JP Morgan and those who have accounts, funds, stocks, etc. associated with the bank. The executives of JPMorgan Chase & Co. had one major interest in their positions i.e. to maximize profits for the bank. The executive looked to continue this profit-streak, and keep finding large profits each quarter. According to the normative ethical theories, The JP Morgan Chase &Co executives conformed to amoral management where their...
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...ETHICAL DECISION MAKING AND MORAL BEHAVIOR | | Related Links WebNote Index Leadership Overview Decision Making Values Contact information: Dr. Richard W. Scholl 36 Upper College Road Kingston, RI 02881 p. 401.874.4347 f. 401.874.2954 rscholl@uri.edu Much of the recent interest in ethics and moral behavior in business comes from Enron and Worldcom, as scholars, educators, practitioners, and the public seek to understand the behavior of executives in these firms. Many have chosen to view these cases from the perspective of ethics, that is, the behavior of these executives is seen as unethical and the explanation is that they are unethical or immoral people. Furthermore, the solution is improved moral education in business programs. “Somehow, we need to make future executives more moral or more ethical” and we can do this in the context of an undergraduate business program or MBA degree program. Some have even suggested that today’s business programs not only do not facilitate the “moral development” of students, but students leave these programs “less moral” than they were when they entered the programs. Here a couple of points to consider: What is Ethical or Moral? What do we mean by ethical decision making? Are there decisions that are not ethical in that there is not ethical component to a choice? In their review of ethical decision making, Tenbruensel and Smith-Crowe (2008) present a distinction between moral decision making and amoral decision making. Within...
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...Ethical and Moral Issues in Business Barbara Douglass MGT/216 February 5, 2011 Brigitte Culberson-Austin Ethical and Moral Issues in Business Ethical and moral issues have been an issue since the dawn of civilization. It has never been more important than how business deals with these issues. Ethics and moral behavior is essential to any successful business and its environment. Morals and ethics are two separate entities, but depend on each other for successful decision making. Sometimes the line between morals and ethics can become blurred and making the right decision can be difficult and not as clear-cut as one would think. Understanding the differences between ethics and morals and moral and ethical behavior is relevant to decision making. Differences between Ethics and Morals Understanding the differences between ethics and morals may be difficult for some. At times they can be confused for one another. Morals values are standards of right and wrong. Morals are taught over our years of growing up. These could consist of right and wrong behavior when we are children or right and wrong sexual issues as teens and young adults. These are generally instilled on us by our parents or our religious beliefs. Ethics is applying our moral standards to our environment. Our decision to do something that we consider immoral may not be unethical and our decision to do something unethical is not necessarily immoral. Personal Ethics versus Business Ethics ...
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...Running head: PERSONAL ETHICS Personal Ethics: Professional Moral Compass Grand Canyon University NRS 437V January 8, 2012 Professional Moral Compass Ethics, a branch of philosophy refers to the values for human conduct, considering the rightness and wrongness of actions and motives. As nursing profession is an integral part of the health care environment, the nursing ethics provides the insight to the values and ethical principles governing nursing practice, conduct, and relationships. The Code of Ethics for Nurses, adopted by the American Nurses' Association (ANA) is intended to provide definite standards of practice and conduct that are essential to the ethical discharge of the nurse's responsibility (American Nurses Association, 2012). A nurse cultivates personal ethics through personal, cultural and spiritual values which becomes a moral compass for their professional ethics. Personal ethics in combination with the code of ethics often assist the nurses in personal and social decision making during ethical dilemma. This ability prompts them to better respond to needs of the suffering patient and their own well-being. This paper will discuss the personal, cultural, and spiritual values contributing to nurses’ individual worldview and philosophy of nursing and the moral and ethical dilemma being faced in this profession. Values Contributing to Individual’s Worldview and Philosophy of Nursing Born in a Christian middle class South Indian family, the strict...
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...Ethics and Development PHL/323 March 24, 2012 Instructor: Doris Savron Introduction Ethics, morals, and values have become a topic of interest in recent years. These principles are discussed and addressed in different aspects in life – personal, social, and professional. Even with the recent focus many of these principles are taught in the earliest stages of learning. In recent years, people have realized that ethics, morals, and values are delicately intertwined and effect every situation and have no boundaries. This has led to the recent demand to educate individuals on ethics, morals, and values. In this paper the first discussion will be the meanings of ethic and morals and what they are. Then, what is my underlying ethical system and primary principles, the sources that shaped my ethical views, and any decision–making factors that may have participated in revising any of my original ethical beliefs. Other topics to be discussed will include ethics and the potential effects it has on my performance in the workplace and why ethics are important to have in any organization. The need for every successful organization to have an integrated ethical system in place and how apply these guidelines will affect the individuals, organizations, and society associated with it. Defining Ethics and Morals According to Trevino and Nelson, ethics is the principles, norms, and standards of conduct governing and individual or organization (Trevino & Nelson...
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