...understanding research processes, and terminology, begins with a basic understanding of the fields themselves. The quest to fulfill the requirement of research starts with the principles of why the research is need in the first place. Recent studies involving medicine, environmental changes that cause global warming, and earth’s atmosphere, have revealed that drastic changes are need to preserve natural resources, and cure diseases. Research methodology requires an individual dedication to the process, and unwavering commitment toward the accomplishment of the mission. Research methodologists continue to examine aspects of studies, involving theories, fact finding elements, and final resolutions (Hagan, 2010). Research methods in criminal justice are designed to determine what type of data-gathering is necessary. Other critical areas studied are the independent and dependent variables, the type of data analysis, and what conclusions are needed (Hagan, 2010). Criminal’s commit crimes every day that have negative effects on the individual victims that often last a lifetime. Individuals, who...
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...Ethical and Criminal Responsibility February 24, 2016 Ethical and Criminal Responsibility Introduction When do employers have an obligation to prevent or take corrective action as the result of bad employee behavior? What type of evidence is needed to initiate an investigation of a potentially dangerous condition for other employees? To what degree are organizational employers expected to provide a safe working environment? These questions, as well as others, can only be answered by collecting and analyzing all the pertinent facts. Once completed, the employer can determine the type(s) of applicable torts associated with the complaint, degree of liability (civil or criminal) involved, and procedures required to resolve the issue to the satisfaction of all interested parties. Employer Obligations The given scenario provides insignificant details as to the extent of the employer’s knowledge of the employee’s background, work history, criminal record, or evidence of violent behavior. With that said, any employer with information that indicates a dangerous situation may occur within the organization has the ethical and moral obligation to take appropriate actions to prevent or remedy the situation. State and federal laws place certain requirements on employers, such as Americans with Disabilities Act, Age Discrimination in Employment Act, Child Labor Laws, Fair Labor Standards, National Labor Relations Act, and Occupational Safety and Health...
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...Normally employed by law firms or lawyers, they assist in preparing criminal defenses, serving legal documents, locating witnesses and interviewing them, interviewing police, and gathering and reviewing evidence. Corporate investigators deal with business issues. Intellectual property theft is usually investigated by those with a background in patent and trademarks. A financial investigator may have a public accounting background How does a private investigation service work? �When you hire a private investigation service, the investigator will discuss the case with you. This discussion will enable him to assess whether the case is legal, ethical and the possible approach to be taken towards solving it. �Next you and the investigator will need to agree on a budget and plan for collection of the necessary information. �The investigator then conducts the investigation. Evidence is gathered in such a way that it can be presented in court if necessary. The investigator then thoroughly analyzes the evidence and reports the findings to you. Sources of information Private investigators rely on multiple sources to collect information. �Surveillance: The target under surveillance is followed to see where he goes and who he meets. Investigators often carry a sophisticated camera to document the movement of the target. Private investigators usually conduct surveillance from public property to avoid any legal issues. Before the surveillance can...
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... Eventually the communication became more than just trading tips for personal favors. Murdoch shared tips with another man she met online who happened to become her supervisor and she shared tips with her father who was charged with securities fraud earlier on. Over time, the SEC caught wind of her trading activities and started an investigation on her which led to a full blown criminal investigation about her activities. She eventually; after many tries; decided to plead guilty for a lighter sentence and gave up all the information she could about Gansman. Eventually Gansman was barred from the state of New York and was not allowed to practice law there anymore. He was sentenced to one year and one day in jail. By the SEC case, Gansman settled on a $250,000 case, Murdoch was charged $404,054 which was waived due to inability to pay and her father was charged with $265,924. Murdoch has not been sentenced on the criminal case yet. 2. Identify (lists) the ethical issues that have arisen in this case. (about 100 words) * Extramarital affairs: Seeking avenues apart from marriages for excitement. Not necessarily a business ethics issue. * Gansman inside information about mergers and acquisitions: Being part of M&A teams, he had access to private and confidential information which he should have keep discreet. * Gansman violating...
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...will not face any chance of prosecution or be indicted on any criminal charges because the failure of the United States government including the efforts made by the Justice Department and the Federal Bureau of Investigation to bring about any credible evidence in which there was beyond a reasonable doubt. Based on the seemingly packaged and toxic mortgage loans to investors and the gambling on those securities and bonds to fail for even more financial succession of these institutions and top executives I really find it hard to believe with such credible evidence and the amount of it, that not one person to date can be held accountable for their actions especially in such times of economic distress for our nation where the top 1% of the population of the United States controls more money than the rest of almost 95 % combined, to me that is the atrocity. We can talk about starting from the bottom and working our way up but in this case I think the underwriters really have nothing to do with what is the core issue of what’s happening right now in our financial instructions. Should they have been more ethical who knows, should they have went to someone in charge in fact they did, should you always execute good ethical decisions in business I would hope so but that fact is we have powerful people in place who are dictating much of what happens in our legal systems and financial instructions who are making poor ethical choices each and every day. Much of the film sheds light...
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...STAGE 2 BIOLOGY ASSESSMENT TYPE 1: Investigations Folio Issues Investigation Human Awareness Essay – Source Analysis Should all babies be DNA fingerprinted at birth? Article to be evaluated: Website: Genetics and Public Issues – ELSI (Ethical, Legal and Social Issues) – http://darwin.nmsu.edu/ Reliability: This source is a reliable one as it was developed by Dr. Clay Dillingham and Dr. Susan Root. They are professionals, educated in the technique and knowledgeable about the subject with years of experience as scientists in the field. Therefore it is expected to have some reliability. Bias: This article presents both the advantages and disadvantages of the topic of storing everyone’s DNA sequences and is not biased in either direction. It gives the scientific facts and procedures of DNA fingerprinting and continues to give the good effects and also the issues it would cause in the public. It explains how DNA fingerprinting would benefit us, referring to the solving of criminal offenses, detection of possible future diseases of the subject, clues about possible behavioral traits, and other medical information. This is the positive side. The article also discusses the negative side and questions the accessibility of the DNA fingerprints and the information they hold. The effects on the public if the information was misused are discussed including the impact on individuals in relation to seeking insurance policies...
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...Myth v. Reality Many people form opinions about the criminal justices system from the media. But how true are these images of justice? Developing the criminal justice system Introduction--London Metropolitan Police was the first police agency and was developed in 1829. The first police agencies in the United States were in Boston (1838), New York (1844); and Philadelphia (1854). Criminal justice system was first recognized in 1919, by the Chicago crime commission. The modern era of justice Modern era of justice can be traced to a series of research projects begun in the 1950 under the sponsorship of the American Bar Foundation. Federal involvement in criminal justice President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice was appointed by President Johnson in 1967. Passage of the Safe Streets and Crime Control Act of 1968 Helped launch massive campaign to restructure criminal justice system Provided funding for the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) The contemporary criminal justice system Introduction—The criminal justice system is society’s instrument of social control. The contemporary criminal justice system in the United Sates is monumental in size. The system is massive because it must process and care for millions of people. The criminal justice system can be divided into three main components: law enforcement agencies, court system, and correctional system. The formal criminal justice process Introduction: Few cases are actually...
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...Running head: ETHICAL ISSUES IN SATYAM SCAM 1 A Study of Ethical Issues in Satyam Scam Haresh M Patel (Roll No.2234) B.K.School of Business Management (Evening Programme) Ethical Issues in Satyam Scam Abstract “Reputation is an idle and most false imposition: oft got without merit, and lost without deserving”. Failed institutions, including Lehman Brothers, Enron and Satyam, would stand a testimony to this affray in a post-mortem analysis. This paper discusses corporate ethical issues involved in ‘Satyam Scam’ from a compliance perspective. It makes a distinction between legal and ethical compliance mechanisms and also shows that the legal compliance mechanism has clearly proven to be inadequate as it lacks the moral firepower to restore confidence and the ability to build trust. The concepts of freedom of indifference and freedom for excellence provide a theoretical basis for explaining why legal compliance mechanisms are insufficient in 2 dealing with fraudulent practices and may not be addressing the real and fundamental issues that inspire ethical behavior. The focus of the virtues in governance is to establish a series of practical responses which depend on the consistent application of core values and principles as well as commitment to ethical business practice. In my opinion, No one makes it to the top ranks of corporate management without a healthy amount of self-assurance. Confidence underlies decisive, strong leadership, but does overconfidence lead...
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...Week 1: Assignment 2 Examine Computer Forensics and Privacy Computers and the Internet have become a pervasive element in modern life. This technology is also used by those who engage in crime and other misconduct. Effective investigation of these offenses requires evidence derived from computers, telecommunications and the Internet. The need for digital evidence has led to a new areas of criminal investigations: Computer Forensics. Forensic investigators identify, extract, preserve and document computer and other digital evidence. This new field is less than fifteen years old, and is rapidly evolving. Education in this field has focused largely on its technical aspects. However, there are significant legal issues and ethical problems that investigators must deal with. Failure to follow proper legal procedure will result in evidence being ruled inadmissible in court. As a result, a guilty criminal might go free. Failure to behave in an ethical manner will erode public confidence in law enforcement, making its job more difficult and less effective. Investigators must have a working knowledge of legal issues involved in computer forensics. They must know what constitutes a legal search of a stand-alone computer as opposed to a network; what laws govern obtaining evidence and securing it so that the chain of evidence is not compromised; what telecommunications may lawfully be intercepted or examined after they have been received; what legally protected privacy rights...
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...increasingly popular in the past few years as there have been a number of corporate scandals, stricter reporting, and internal control regulations involving public awareness and importance in the business world. With the state of the world’s economy forensic accountants are in high demand. Forensic accountants should at least possess a Bachelor degree in accounting. They should also be a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) and may possess other certifications such as Certified Forensic Accountant (CrFA) and Certified Forensic Accounting Professional (CFAP). The skills needed to become a forensic accountant include strategic critical thinking, problem solving/decision making, leadership, interpersonal and communication skills, and professional and ethical behavior. Strategic critical thinking is the ability to link data, knowledge, and insight together from various disciplines to provide information for making a decision and communicate a vision, strategy, goals and culture of a company. The individual should be able to articulate principles strategically, identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats related to a particular activity. A Forensic Accountant should be able to identify and gather data...
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...ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITY Corporate Governance and Ethical Responsibility Marshan Brown Leg-Bus 500 Law, Ethics, and Corporate Governance Professor Daniel Smith May 13, 2012 ETHICAL RESPOSIBILITY Determine at least three different internal and external stakeholders that Dr. Do Right might have to deal with on a daily basis at the hospital. Discuss the duty of loyalty owed to each internal and external stakeholder. Dr. Do Right has a duty of loyalty to employees, society, and board of directors. Each duty of loyalty has its’ own significant meaning. Dr. Do Right signed a contractual agreement with Universal Human Health Hospital and took an oath to run the daily operations of the hospital, implement procedures and decisions made by the board of directors, and give updates and reports to the board members and shareholders about the financial status and daily operations of the organization. First of all, Dr. Do Right must communicate procedures, policies, and business goals to his management team. He must educate them on business changes, developmental opportunities, and all other vital information to help them to administer and communicate the organizations’ policies, expectations, and needs to lower level employees. Dr. Do Right must also display leadership qualities that are positive, respectful, and effective...
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...Ethical Hacking in Today’s Society Patrick Bryant ECPI UNIVERSITY IS530 May 12, 2012 DR. BRYANT Abstract Over the years technology has advanced just as Moore’s Law has predicted. Not only does the technology double every year in a compounding way, but those who understand these concepts grow as well. These talented individuals can be looked at from several different viewpoints and depending on who that person may be could in fact determine whether it is a positive viewpoint or a negative one. In this paper I will prove why it is necessary to have Ethical Hackers in today’s security models and how they have come a long way to improve how our information systems operate in a more secure manner. Ethical Hacking in today’s Society Hacker’s for years have been able to do things that the normal individuals have never even thought of pursuing and for several different reasons. There are several different types of hackers out there, but they all have one thing in common and that is their knowledge of Information System exploits and vulnerabilities. The constant issues highlighted by the media always reporting some type of cyber crime, a study showing that nearly 90% of attacks happen on the inside (Durant, 2007). The biggest key is that of understanding the hacker’s true intention and determining whether or not it was ethical or malicious. This leads us to first understand what an ethical hacker is and help determine their purpose is a positive venture when wanting...
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...million along with a $31 million dollar New York apartment and several rare paintings, which came under scrutiny by both federal prosecutors and the company. With Kozlowski as chief executive officer he made Tyco into a giant conglomerate mainly through acquisitions. Tyco has two major segments; fire protection systems and security systems is incorporated in Switzerland and has operational headquarters in Princeton, New Jersey. At its peak, Tyco had a market value over $100 billion. In 2002 Kozlowski left Tyco over a issue regarding the misuse of company funds and his hefty compensation package. Shortly after leaving Tyco, Kozlowski was indicted on charges of evading more than $1 million of sales taxes on six paintings that he purchased. There were other controversial issues concerning his involvement in criminal activities associated with his finances, evading sales tax, falsifying company records and tampering with physical evidence during the investigation. While Kozlowski pleaded his innocence the prosecution argued that he evaded taxes and falsified evidence to hide the...
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...of the offense(s), the investigation, and the outcome (such as the trial and sentencing). Analyze the psychological history or path that took the criminal to commit his or her crime(s). Describe the psychological, behavioral, environmental, and cognitive factors that you believe led to the offender’s criminality. Consider the various theories we have discussed in class including the psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theory, the behaviorist/social learning theory, the cognitive/social cognitive theory, and the humanist and interactionist theories, and provide examples. The goal here is to provide an analysis of the psychological history or path that took the criminal to commit his or her crime(s). Explain the impact of social, psychological, and biological theories of aggression on your chosen criminal’s behavior. Describe the crime typology. Did the offender have a personality disorder that might have played a role in the criminal behavior? If so, explain and provide examples and supporting references. Discuss the laws that are in place for protecting individuals with mental disorders. Describe whether your case study was a homicide offender or sexual offender. Discuss the typology (i.e., single murderer, serial murderer, spree murderer, mass murderer, child molester, or rapist). If applicable, discuss whether your offender was given a competence to stand trial evaluation, or was found to be not guilty by reason of insanity. Examine the ethical issues concerning evaluation and...
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...hiring policy which includes criminal background and credit history checks, has a disparate impact on African-American, Hispanic, and male applicants. And the material fact of this case is whether Defendant’s hiring criteria of conducting criminal background and credit history checks is consistent with business necessity. Since the Defendant was charged by the EEOC with unlawful discrimination in this case, the source of law is the Title VII of Civil Rights Act of 1964. “Title VII prohibits discrimination in hiring, firing, trainings, promotion, discipline, or other workplace decisions on the basis of an employee or applicant’s race, color, gender, national origin, or religion” (Bennett- Alexander & Hartman, 2011). As a federal law enforcement agency, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission has obligations to investigate violations of Title VII and enforce laws against discrimination in workplace. In addition to the EEOC’s unique role, Title VII requires federal district courts to take the Title VII discrimination case for judicial review only after the EEOC has first disposed of the claim (Bennett- Alexander & Hartman, 2011). And according to the case, since the EEOC accepted applicant Katrina Vaughn’s discrimination complaint about Defendant’s violation of Title VII by rejecting hiring her based on her credit history information, the legal issue of this case before the court is after accepted Vaughn’s complaint and conducted investigation through legal process, the...
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