...Business Research Ethics Mary Beth Dooley Res 351 March 26, 2012 Erica Mitchell Unethical issues are something that every business greatly tries to ignore. This isn’t always the case but a majority of them try to make sure they are handling all business in a very ethical way. The article that I read speaks about a business that didn’t act in such a way when it came to some of the information that it shared with stockholders and analysts. The company in which I speak about is going to be Enron. This company was apart of one of the biggest cases of fraud the country had ever seen. Enron was a Texas based company. It was formed in 1985, out of the junk-bond merger of two old-line natural gas companies. These companies were known as Houston Natural Gas and Omaha InterNorth. The deal integrated several pipeline systems to create the first nationwide natural gas pipeline system. Ken Lay, who had been the chief executive officer of Houston Natural Gas, was named chairman and chief executive officer of the company we now known as Enron. In 1994, Enron made its first electricity trade, beginning what would turn out to be one of the company’s biggest profit centers for the next few years. It took just over 15 years for Enron to turn itself into one of the world’s largest energy traders. Enron started out as a very successful company but somehow along the line, they got off the right track where they would be helping their clients and shareholders...
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...Business Research Ethics Paper Wayne Bell University of Phoenix RES/351 Business Research Robert Caldwell July 24, 2015 The Goldman Sachs Case When we think of the word ethics, we think of rules and regulations to keep us honest or to know the difference between right and wrong. Another way of defining ‘ethics’ focuses on the disciplines that study standards of conduct, such as philosophy, theology, law, psychology, or sociology” (Resnik, 2011). Considered by many economists to be the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression, the financial crisis of 2007 was primarily due to the collapse of the housing industries subprime mortgage market. Residential mortgage-backed securities are commonly issued bonds that are backed by thousands of residential real estate mortgages. The Goldman Sachs case was comprised of subprime mortgages. Most business organization possess a mission statement, a code of ethics or rules to follow to be able to limit the ethical issues that may arise within the Institution, Goldman Sachs did not have any of these. In exploring ethical behavior in the banking and financial institutions whose sole existent is to increase profits through the sale of consumer loans. In 2005, the banking industry started issuing subprime mortgage loans to consumers regardless of their income qualification. “The collapse in prices precipitated the collapse in banking profits, prompting a call...
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...torturing for information still survives. Some people encourage the use of torture for information, while others discourage it because they believe that it goes against human ethics. Human ethics are the rights that all humans have, and the big controversy over torture is whether torture goes against those ethics. In this paper the method of torture will be examined for both encouragement and discouragement based on the views each person has of human ethics. It is quite easy to look at worldwide news telecasts and know what kind of things that American...
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...Research with human subjects has a long and often troubled history in the United States (U.S.) and throughout the world. Chances are you already have heard of some of the most egregious and well-known examples of unethical research in the biomedical sciences, such as the experiments conducted by Nazi doctors and scientists on concentration camp prisoners during World War II, and the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) study titled "Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male" (Tuskegee Study). These abuses led to the creation of codes of research ethics in Europe and the U.S. In the wake of the Second World War, the subsequent Nuremberg Trials on war crimes produced the Nuremberg Code, which outlined ten points for conducting ethical research with human subjects. Nearly two decades later, the World Medical Association (WMA) developed a code of research ethics known as the Declaration of Helsinki, published in 1964 and subsequently revised. This document is built on both the Nuremberg Code and the physician's code of ethics known as the Declaration of Geneva. In the U.S., news that researchers deceived and withheld treatment from subjects who suffered from syphilis in the Tuskegee Study led to the creation of the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research (National Commission or "the Commission"). The Commission was charged with establishing a code of research ethics for U.S. research involving human subjects. In 1979...
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...Conflict Between Research and Ethics Paper Conflict Between Research and Ethics Paper HCS/435 Katherine Rossiter September 12, 2010 Conflict Between Research and Ethics Paper This paper will share an opinion of the conflicts that exist between medical research and ethics in the subject matter of patients with mental retardation with medical condition such as hepatitis. In this paper the discussion of patient consent, benefits to patient, society, and medical professionals; therapeutic research; and research outcomes. Also this paper will discuss the potential role of institutional compliance and ethics committees, potential responsibilities of management, and the managerial approach one might have taken if one were in a position of power. When talking about patient consent there is many different types of consent. To name a few types of consent, incapacitated, decision-making capacity, surrogate healthcare decision maker, informed consent, expressed consent, and implied consent. When dealing with incapacitated consent this means that the patient is lacking the ability to make a reasonable medical judgment. In this type of consent there would be a surrogate decision maker appointed. Also in an incapacitated patient that has come in from an accident there would be an implied consent this would mean that the hospital staff would do whatever they had to do to sustain life. Decision-making capacity is one where the patient has full knowledge of what they want to be...
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...How does respect for freedom, personal autonomy, or consent apply? DNA is very personal, and we can’t be sure this information will always be used in an ethical way. While most will agree that criminals have a limit to their rights, what about the innocent people whose DNA is kept after they are proven to have no connection to a crime? Given the personal nature of DNA, I feel this is a violation of our freedom and our right to privacy. What rights if any apply? While DNA dragnets are said to be a “voluntary” process people often feel as if they are not really being asked but rather ordered to submit their DNA to prove their innocence. If they don’t they are deemed suspicious, as if they have something to hide. If the police don’t have reasonable evidence of a crime committed by these individuals, they are in violation of the Fourth Amendment which prohibits unreasonable search and seizure. By coercing individuals to submit DNA they are seizing their personal property. What duties and/or obligations apply? While DNA is an effective tool used to solve crimes, I believe that often law enforcement relies too heavily on DNA and will tend to overlook other evidence. The mishandling of evidence because of improper training has also put many innocent people in prison. With the advances in DNA technology criminals have also found ways to prevent leaving DNA or to implicate others by planting DNA. Police officers have an obligation to look at all the evidence thoroughly instead of relying...
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...Research Ethics The slides states three basic ethical principles for the protection of human subjects: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. Guidelines of Ethical Research: Do no harm to subjects, voluntary participation and informed consent, researchers must disclose their identity to participants, confidentiality , and the benefits should outweigh risks. Including the Certificate of Confidentiality (High risk populations, Child abuse and neglect must be reported, Other types of abuse must be reported as well). The importance of encouragement of appropriate applications. Relevant questions must be asked. How will research results be used? What are the personal values of researcher? What are sources of research funding? Who controls the final report? There must be attempts to resolve any dilemmas in a contract., Also an acknowledge of funding sources in the report. Validity is very important to research. Relevant to Validity: Impartial knowledge (the goal), Justifies use of human subjects, Disclose methods, Honestly present findings , Publication in refereed journals, Generalization and Replication.(Check/Schutt), Research Methods in Education. 2012 SAGE Publications. The history of research was the initial topic of the slides. Stanley Milgram's Obedience Experiment of 1960 (Yale University) Concerned with the study of obedience to authority. Milgram's study illustrated many common ethical issues. Nuremberg War Crime Trials and the...
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...The American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) certificate was essential to obtain for my role as a professional nurse. It is essential for our genetic codes to be researched so that the information that is gathered and learned can be utilized to help those with illnesses such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’ Disease or cancer’s in the future. Individuals suffering with these illnesses will benefit from this type of research that is being done, if not in the present definitely in the future. Also ethical issues such as stem cell research or genetic cloning are other issues to be researched and discussed in the health care profession. These ethical issues will continue to be talked about and debated, by individuals for or against this type...
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...Research with human subjects has a long and often troubled history in the U.S. and throughout the world. Chances are you have already heard of some of the most egregious—and famous—examples of unethical research in the biomedical sciences, such as the experiments conducted by Nazi doctors and scientists on concentration camp prisoners during World War II and the Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male, conducted by the U.S. Public Health Service. These abuses led to the creation of codes of research ethics in Europe and the U.S. In the wake of the Second World War, the Subsequent Nuremberg Trials on war crimes produced the Nuremberg Code, which outlined ten points for conducting ethical research with human subjects. Nearly two decades later, the World Medical Association developed a code of research ethics, known as the Declaration of Helsinki, published in 1964 and subsequently revised. This document built on both the Nuremberg Code and physicians' code of ethics known as the Declaration of Geneva by adapting the existing guidelines to address the growing field of clinical research. In the U.S., news that researchers deceived and withheld treatment from subjects in the Tuskegee Study, led to the creation of the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. The National Commission was charged with the establishing a code of research ethics for U.S. research with human subjects. In 1979, the Commission issued the...
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...chose one of his graduate students, Mary Tudor, to conduct the experiment and he supervised her research. After placing the children in control and experimental groups, Tudor gave positive speech therapy to half of the children, praising the fluency of their speech, and negative speech therapy to the other half, belittling the children for every speech imperfection and telling them they were stutterers. Many of the normal speaking orphan children who received negative therapy in the experiment suffered negative psychological effects and some retained speech problems during the course of their life. Dubbed “The Monster Study” by some of Johnson’s peers who were horrified that he would experiment on orphan children to prove a theory, the experiment was kept hidden for fear Johnson’s reputation would be tarnished in the wake of human experiments conducted by the Nazis during World War II. The University of Iowa publicly apologized for the Monster Study in 2001. In this case, special obligations in human subject research and openness is being violated since humans are being used in the experiment and its even kept a secret to the public which is inhuman since some experienced psychological problems. 2. While animal experimentation can be incredibly helpful in understanding man, and developing lifesaving drugs, there have been experiments which go well beyond the realms of ethics. The monkey drug trials of 1969 were one such case. In this experiment, a large group of monkeys...
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...A good work ethic will help you accomplish your dreams. Work ethic to me, is when you have a goal and you work hard to accomplish that goal even if you do not want to. My mom always says to me “you are lazy.” She is right, but she is also wrong in some aspects. I am lazy when it comes to school, but when it comes to wrestling I have a great work ethic. I believe that the time and effort I put into the sport helps me develop a better work ethic for when I grow up. My mom saying that I am lazy helps me better understand that to have a good work ethic you need to do everything to your best potential, even school. Furthermore, I explained how I have a good work ethic when it comes to sports, but when it comes to school I don't. Mrs. Jones always...
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...I.T.S - INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT GREATER NOIDA Announces National Seminar on Ethical Imperatives for Contemporary Business Organisations 20th & 21st January, 2012 Venue of the Seminar Seminar Hall, I.T.S- Institute of Management 46, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida-201308 Ph: 0120-2331000/1062/1069, 9212180556 E Mail ID: imseminar@its.edu.in Website: www.itsim.edu.in About I.T.S-The Education group I.T.S is a fast growing education group in Northern India. Established in 1995 with its first campus at Ghaziabad, the Group has more than 700 faculty members and 9000 students in 8 Institutions located at 4 campuses. With the prime objective of providing quality education and building on its reputation, the l.T.S Group has evolved as a brand amongst the premier educational institutions in the field of Management, Information Technology, Engineering, Dental, Biotechnology, Pharmacy, Paramedical Sciences and related vocational courses. The vision of I.T.S - The Education Group is "Creating a Thinking Professional Order", and the group makes incessant endeavors to create learning processes in response to the changing managerial paradigms. About ITS-Institute of Management I.T.S - Institute of Management aims to provide excellence in management education and intends to become first choice for management aspirants. The Institute is strategically located at Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida in National Capital Region (NCR). Greater Noida was strategically conceptualized to...
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...This paper provides a conceptual discussion of “research ethics”. What does the term “ethics” signify and how does it apply to the practice of research? What obligations do you take on when you “collect data” that purports to reflect something of the thoughts and experiences of others, and then synthesize such material into research study “accounts”? In this paper I will discuss one of the hotly debated issues in educational research - ethics.[1] Ethics has to do with moral beliefs and rules about right and wrong, and it is the task of the researcher to follow the ethics of the study in order to protect the participants from various harms. However, the practical aspects of research ethics are much more complex than might be anticipated. Thus, I will explore complexities, challenges and dilemmas of ethics in this paper. I will provide a conceptual framework of ethics ✓ What it is ✓ Dilemmas ✓ Consent ✓ Confidentiality ✓ Privacy ✓ Betrayal ✓ Deception then describe my personal experience of addressing ethical issues while conducting a research. Conceptual Framework What is Ethics? Ethics has to do with treating research participants with respect and morality. “Nothing is more indicting to a professional than to be charged with unethical practices” (Bogdan and Bicklen, 1992, p. 49). Ethics requires considerate efforts and care. As Hitchcock & Hughes (1993...
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...Business Research Ethics Business Research Ethics Ethical decision making is important for researchers. Codes, policies, and principals are very important and useful, like any set of rules; however, they do not cover every situation. They often conflict, and they require considerable interpretation. It is therefore important for researchers to learn how to interpret, assess, and apply various research rules and how to make decisions and to act in various situations. There are many situations where research is not ethical. These actions would be regarded as unethical and some might even be illegal. These actions may also violate professional ethics codes or institutional policies. According to the article, “Accounts Offered for Unethical Research Practices: Effects on the Evaluations of Acts and Actors,” describes two scenarios of two psychologists fabricating data and using plagiarism in their research. One Psychologist, who was a professor at a large university, was accused of fabricating some of the data in a large, longitudinal research project. Evidence resulted in an investigation. It was determined that subjects reported to have begun their participation with this psychologist in 1975, really did not begin their participation until 1977. However, the participants did report that they were contacted to participate in 1975. Due to the fabrication of data, job security and salaries of the Psychology Department were in jeopardy. The Psychologist admitted to making up...
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...Running Head: BEHAVIOURAL BUSINESS ETHICS Understanding Ethical Behavior and Decision Making in Management: A Behavioural Business Ethics Approach David De Cremer Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University London Business School Rolf van Dick Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany Ann Tenbrunsel Notre Dame University, Mendoza College of Business, USA Madan Pillutla London Business School J. Keith Murnighan Northwestern University, Kellogg School of Management, USA Abstract Management and businesses in general are constantly facing important ethical challenges. In the current special issue, we identify the widespread emergence of unethical decision making and behavior in management as an important topic for a future research agenda. Specifically, we promote the use of a behavioral business ethics approach to better understand when management, leaders and businesses are inclined to act unethically and why this is the case. A behavioral business ethics approach which relies on important insights from psychology should be a necessary addition and complementary to the traditional normative approaches used in business ethics. Understanding Ethical Behavior and Decision Making in Management: A Behavioural Business Ethics Approach The numerous scandals in business such as those at AIG, Tyco, WorldCom, and Enron have raised many concerns about the emergence of unethical and irresponsible behavior in organizations. The seemingly unending...
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