...later took the form of a great religion Hinduism’s basis is the innermost soul of all beings. This is the common, pure consciousness. If you injure your neighbor, you really injure yourself. If you injure any other creature, you really injure yourself, because the whole world is nothing but your own Self. This is Hindu ethics. It’s basically saying if you hurt someone you are only hurting yourself so they leave it up to their Ruler to deal with your soul because they don’t believe in revenge or getting back at someone. Buddhism like Hinduism also believes in karma. Like half of the world, Until such time as one becomes enlightened, one's actions in this life will determine the nature of one’s future. Moral conduct for Buddhists differs according to whether it applies to the laity which is the believers of a religion. There is this saying that should apply to most not just those who follow a religion” to each is own”, which means that every person is entitled to his or her personal preferences and tastes. Just because you don’t believe in it does not means its untrue, your beliefs and those who do not follow your beliefs. Karma is an important concept in Buddhist ethics and may be defined as a principle of moral retribution, which holds that one’s inevitable, suffers the good and bad consequences of one's morals. Islam, Judaism, and Christianity all have similarities and many differences also. First there’s...
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...Ethical Reflection #2 In my opinion, I agree with Weinstock’s main point because systemic corruption will not be fixed solely on the values of one or many individual(s), but on other factors that begin with the culture of a company. Consequences for corruptive acts, whether it is done through a Code of Ethics or in person, must be constantly relayed in order for members of a company to know that corruption is not taken lightly, nor tolerated. If this is not done, employees—including the ones with a good moral compass—will find it easier to partake in corruptive acts since they do not know the repercussions of their actions. Although it is on a smaller scale, from my experience in working a part-time job I can also say that a corporate culture that is based around a “fun work environment” may not always result in less corruption, as I have seen many instances where employees, including managers, have done something that was not necessarily ethical. As a result, it made it harder for me to take them seriously, and eventually made me lose respect for them as well when they fired someone else for an ethical matter. From the textbook and lectures, learning about the impact of corporate culture on a workplace, including a values-based culture, helped me understand Weinstock’s main argument. As I have previously mentioned, there needs to be a consistent culture of intolerance towards corruptive acts such as bribery, money laundering, etc., or even minor examples of making...
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...Question 5: Explain why you agree or disagree with Hare’s contention that the market requires or presupposes ethics. I both agree and disagree with Hare’s belief that the market requires ethics. I do agree that an efficient and successful market requires ethics. In order for a market to be successful and efficient, certain rules must be followed. As Hare states, “…there could be no efficient market unless people could trust one another” (1998). If both parties trust each other in the market than both parties win; for example, a consumer purchases a new car, he or she trusts that it is new through and through, just as the dealer trusts that the consumer has a viable and trustworthy payment method. There are standards for essentially every sector, and so long as those are generally followed, an efficient market will allow businesses to prosper and consumers to get trusted goods and services. On the flip side, a market can still exist without ethics. It is true that this market has a slim chance to operate efficiently, but none the less, it is still a market with buyers and sellers and supply and demand dictating prices. There are multiple examples of unethical markets; the drug trade, war torn countries entire systems, dealings with terrorists/pirates and more. There are little to no ethics in these markets, but they do exist and function, albeit not efficiently. Even if there are standards, many times both the buyers and the sellers will short the system. It is almost...
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...BUS 543 - ETHICS IN ORGANIZATIONS & SOCIETY Week 2 Interaction Paper Chapter 1 is an introduction to Business Ethics. The major message this chapter conveys is the various ethical viewpoints that can be applied by a corporation, an employee, and a culture. This chapter breaks these ethical issues down as Corporate, Individual, and Societal. The many theories and studies contained in this chapter are encompassed in how decisions are made and what logic is used to apply them. The process of identifying an ethical situation, identifying what course of action to take, deciding to do something about it, and finally, following through on the decision are all dependent on the morals of the individual. Those morals, and view of self, will ultimately determine the identification and the outcome. Several key words are used to support what has been identified as the major message detailed in the opening paragraph. Ethical Relativism (page 33) and Integrative Social Contracts Theory (page 36) both deal with differences on a societal scale. The book judges Ethical relativism as flawed, leading to the Integrative Social Contracts Theory as being a breakdown of hypernorms and microsocial norms. As a westerner the ISCT is easier to accept and supports the major message that society, self, and cultural influences affect identification of ethical issues. Moral reasoning (page 45) further refines an ethically aware individual’s process used to identify whether a situation is...
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...Ethics in Business and Society Perfect wisdom has four parts: Wisdom, the principle of doing things aright. Justice, the principle of doing things equally in public and private. Fortitude, the principle of not fleeing danger, but meeting it. Temperance, the principle of subduing desires and living moderately. Plato (427?-347? B.C.E.) When I first decided to take the course titled Business and Society 4395, I had no idea of all the dimensions of ethics or how ethics is intertwine into the business workforce and today’s society. To be honest, I actually thought that business people had very low ethics with their main focus on the contracts and/or the highest bid. I learned that society painted an image of questionable ethics by associating practices or traditions that are unethical and illegal or legal. Some of my classmates in my course did not believe that certain practices were a matter of ethics, however, they expressed that it was just the norms of business. For example, during class I received a handout that explained four situations and I had to choose if the details were ethical/legal, ethical/illegal, unethical/legal or unethical/illegal. Each situation I was familiar with in some way. I knew if the situations were legal or illegal right away, but I could not choose if they were ethical or unethical. I realized my mistake was believing that what I learned, while growing up, taught me how to behave appropriately in the business world or social situations...
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...Business Society and Ethics 2/4/15 Based on the analysis required for this assignment, we are told to assume that Jack Ma has acquired the West Texas Fertilizer plant. From prior knowledge, I know that Jack Ma is a staunch “advocate for corporate social responsibility” and is a major advocate for improving the “environment”. I have also learned that Jack Ma is an individual who pays attention to social issues and works to ensure that some sort of change is brought forth to improve these issues. Based on the background information given about Jack Ma, I can assume that if Ma acquired the West Texas Fertilizer plant he would conclude that the fire in which took the lives of 35 innocent individuals is due to the irresponsible actions of the company owner. He would conclude that many alternate steps could have been taken to ensure that the fire would not occur. Ma would not only take steps to improve the infrastructure of the West Texas Fertilizer plant but would also improve the social structure of the plant because he is not concerned about maximizing profit for the benefit of the corporation but he is more concerned with making “healthy money, enabling people to enjoy their lives”. The first step that Ma would take is to “reboot and revisit the initial dream the company had while questioning what is the sole purpose of building the business”. He would then try to better educate individuals on issues relating to the plant. These educational forums may include...
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...Ethics related to Sociology Introduction Living in this world without any companion is like a world without color. It is like you have drowned from the deepest part of darkness. As the saying “No man is an island”, it is proven that a person can’t live within itself. You must have friends and socialize with them in order for you to make a wonderful living. Having interaction with other people—sharing some beliefs and practices may consider as part of sociology. Sociology itself means “the study of society”, where it came from the Greek word “socio” means “society” and “-logos” mean “the study of”. Sociology is the scientific study of society, of the ways of which society is organized and operates, and of the factors contributing to both societal stability and social change. It is concerned with patterned social regularities rather than with unique personal experiences. Simply means that sociology is the study of the things around the society. Studying the society also involves ethical values where people will be taught how to live doing the right thing over the wrong one. Though people have their own ways of living, each of us may consider that ethics is very important in everyone’s life. Based on Emerita S. Quito, the author of the book “Fundamentals of Ethics”, ethics is from the Greek word “ethos” meaning a characteristic way of doing things, or a body of customs. In general, ethics is meant to be applied in order to teach the people how to live essentially doing the...
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...Notes for the Course: Religion and Ethics in our Modern Society, 2012 By Dr H Ndlovu Definition and Nature of Christian Ethics Ethics is derived from the Greek word “ethos” that is also comes from another word “ethika.” Ethika means norms, conventions, values, customs the society. Thus ethics is a discipline that examines one’s moral standards or the moral of a society. These are absorbed from family, church and friends. Why Study Ethics There are nine reasons why human beings have to study ethics. 1. Human beings are capable of reasoning from cause to effect with the understanding that everything done has effect. 2. Human beings are capable of making choices after comparing the alternatives, that is, internal and external. People have two cells namely: a. Real – what we have now b. Ideal – what we are aiming at 3. Human beings are self – conscious. This means we can study ourselves by being a subject and be the object at the same time. 4. Human beings are finite or limited not knowing what will happen from the next moment or next door. Thus, we must have principles to apply when situations comes. 5. Human life is an active dynamic phenomenon – We do something as if we do nothing. 6. People also can be taught to be good (Isaiah 1 :18) 7. Human beings are capable of filing an obligation 8. Human beings are also capable of understanding what moral terms like freedom, dignity and so on affects other people. 9. Finally, human beings need to survive. Human civilization...
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...Situation Ethics as a relativistic and teleological theory can, to a certain extent, work in society. Situation ethics is a theory in which agape love must be reached through the consequence of an action. This theory was developed by Joseph Fletcher. Situation Ethics as a relativistic theory is flexible and practical. It takes into account the situation a person is faced with and can help make decisions in situations where, from a legalistic point of view, all options are wrong. This allows the theory to adapt to every situation and result in the most amount of agape love being achieved Being a teleological theory it ensures people consider the likely outcome of their actions before they take them. This allows the person to consider all the possible actions they could take before leaping into a situation. This also allows the most amount of love to be achieved in the end result. Being a relativistic theory allows people the individual freedom to make decisions for themselves, these people are not strapped down with strict rules which can trap them in non-loving situations. As a teleological theory it is pragmatic and realistic – concentrating on the outcome of an action. This results in the end being the focus of the action which relies on the person thinking of the consequences. They should always make the most loving choice as they are the children of God. However, o Many people argue that we need rules to avoid issues such as moral chaos. Some people argue that humans...
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...ETHICS Introduction The behaviour of the practicing management accountant is prescribed and regulated by the management accountant's personal code of ethics, the code of ethics of the employer, societal norms, and the law. In addition members of the Society are regulated by the Society's code of ethics. As more organizations adopt codes of ethics, management accountants will increasingly be asked to design systems to control, evaluate, interpret or apply ethical judgement. The following develops the basis for forming ethical judgements. The management accountant fulfils four broad roles concerning ethics: 1. to ensure that management has developed and installed a comprehensive and internally controlled code of ethics. 2. to verify that the code of ethics and its controls are comprehensive and that everyone in the organization understands and complies with it. 3. to report to management any deviation from the code of ethics and its control systems. The Board of Directors may ultimately have to address any failures in the code or its controls. 4. to act in accordance with the code of ethics in making personal decisions. What are Ethics and Morals? Ethics are the rules people use to define and regulate moral behaviour. Morals distinguish right from wrong. Descriptive ethics are codes of ethics as actually practiced. Descriptive ethics provide no value judgements. Normative ethics, or moral reasoning, develops statements about whether a practiced ethical system is good or bad...
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...Reference Material on Ethics Books and Book Chapters Baase, S. (1997) A Gift of Fire: Social, Legal and Ethical Issues in Computing, Prentice Hall. Berleur, J. and Bruunstein, K. (Eds.) (1996) Ethics of Computing: Codes, Spaces for Discussion and Law, Chapman & Hall: London. Berleur, J. and Whitehouse, D. (Eds.) (1997) An Ethical Global Information Society: Cuture and Democracy Revisited (Proceedings of the IFIP WG 9.2/9.5 Corfu International Conference) Chapman & Hall: London. Berleur, J., Duquenoy, P. and Whitehouse, D. (Eds) (1999) Ethics and the Governance of the Internet, IFIP-SIG 9.2.2 (IFIP Framework for the Ethics of Computing), IFIP Press: Laxenburg, Austria Bowman, J.S. and Menzel, D.C. (1998) Teaching Ethics and Values in Public Administration Programs: Innovations, Strategies and Issues, SUNY Press: Albany. Cappel, J.J. and Kappelman, L. (1997) The Year 2000 Problem: An Ethical Perspective, in: Kappelman, L., (Ed.), Year 2000 Problem: Strategies and Solutions from the Fortune 100, International Thomson Computer Press, Boston, 158-163. Floridi, L. (1999) Philosophy and Computing, London: Routledge. Johnson, D.G. and Nissenbaum, H. (1995) Computers, Ethics and Social Values, Prentice Hall. Kallman, E.A. and Grillo, J.P. (1996) Ethical Decision Making and Information Technology: An Introduction with Cases, McGraw Hill. Kaplan, B., Farzanfar, R. and Friedman R.H. (1999) Research and Ethical Issues Arising from Ethnographic Interviews of Patients’...
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...Ethics related to Sociology Introduction Living in this world without any companion is like a world without color. It is like you have drowned from the deepest part of darkness. As the saying “No man is an island”, it is proven that a person can’t live within itself. You must have friends and socialize with them in order for you to make a wonderful living. Having interaction with other people—sharing some beliefs and practices may consider as part of sociology. Sociology itself means “the study of society”, where it came from the Greek word “socio” means “society” and “-logos” mean “the study of”. Sociology is the scientific study of society, of the ways of which society is organized and operates, and of the factors contributing to both societal stability and social change. It is concerned with patterned social regularities rather than with unique personal experiences. Simply means that sociology is the study of the things around the society. Studying the society also involves ethical values where people will be taught how to live doing the right thing over the wrong one. Though people have their own ways of living, each of us may consider that ethics is very important in everyone’s life. Based on Emerita S. Quito, the author of the book “Fundamentals of Ethics”, ethics is from the Greek word “ethos” meaning a characteristic way of doing things, or a body of customs. In general, ethics is meant to be applied in order to teach the people how to live essentially doing the...
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...Ethics of Publishing Studies on Modern Societies Throughout the years anthropologists have been asking tough questions about the ethics involved in studying other cultures. Many answers to these tough questions have been given, but few of these answers are shared universally by anthropologists. Anthropologists have come to follow a set of guidelines based strongly on anonymity and objectivism, but as the world grows into a more modern state these guidelines must be reviewed and questioned as the nature of research changes. Two separate ethnographies detailed in the essays “The Anthropological Looking Glass” and “Grief and a Headhunter’s Rage” written and performed by Nancy Scheper-Hughes and Renato Rosaldo, respectively, show the broad range of consequences that occur in the societies under study when following similar ethical codes of conduct. More specifically, the change that may occur in these societies is a result of the publishing of the studies, not necessarily the act of performing the study in and of itself. The current code of ethics shared by the anthropological community is ill equipped to deal with studies involving modern societies. Modern societies, those that are well connected with the world outside of them, are exposed to cultural interference from the publication of ethnographies performed on them. This interference can cause change in a subject society’s normal and natural rate and direction of cultural growth. Cultural interference and the change imposed in...
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...Throughout the day, each and every person makes decisions based upon what they believe and want to do. It may be a good gesture or a gesture just looking out for them. The question arises is their a right and wrong choice. But ethics are and immortality hand in hand. Are they the both though and same thing, are can they be oppositely done? Immorality and ethics in today’s society are two different things. Due to the differences you can have both. The differences are shown through society, judgment, and belief. Through society ethics and immortality show their difference. Society shows that ethics is based upon the society itself rather then the individual. Ethics is what society goes based on. The rules that are place in the United States are a set of ethics that each individual must follow. There can be different ethics for different groups of people. For instance in the business world today there are business ethics, which is another set of ethics for a different group of people. Even though these ethics are set in place people still do not follow them and has to do with immorality of the individual. In addition to society showing how ethics and immorality are immoral, the judgment of each individual shows the difference and how one can be ethical and immoral. Each individual has their own mind and in which they make their own judgments and decisions. For instance in a state like Texas it is legal to shot somebody that is on your property and then ask questions later,...
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...Abstract The articles, “What is business ethics?” by Peter Drucker and “The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits” by Milton Friedman are about Business ethics and social responsibility to society at large. While both authors agree that we should have ethics in the business world, they argue that society holds corporations and ordinary individuals to different set of standards. Keywords: Social Responsibilities and Business Ethics In order to exam the assigned articles, it was important to understand the true definition of what is meant by social responsibility and business ethics to better understand whether Drucker and Friedman fully exploited ethics as we understand it in the business world today. Equally important was to examine the backgrounds of Milton Friedman and Peter Drucker. According to Wikipedia, Social responsibility is defined as an ethical ideology or theory that an entity, be it an organization or individual, has an obligation to act to benefit the society at large. According to Wikipedia, Business ethics (also known as corporate ethics) is defined as a form of applied ethics or professional ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. It applies to all aspect of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individual and business organizations as a whole. Based on Woopidoo “Milton Friedman (born July 31, 1912), won The Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences...
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