Music of Mindanao

Music of Islamic Filipino

Islamic Cultural Groups

• Badjao – Sulu • Ilanun –Sulu, Tawi Tawi • Jama Mapun – Sulu • Maguindanao – Maguindanao, Cotabato, SK • Maranao – Lanao, Bukidnon • Samal – Sulu • Tausug – Sulu • Yakan – Basilan

Characteristic of Islamic Music

• Melisma Singing • Song Phrases • Narrow Singing • Fluid Singing • Tremolo • Strained Voice • Nasal Enunciationuciation

Vocal Music

Life Cycle • Langan Bata Bata – Lullabye of Tausug. • Tarasul – Tausug song of advice to wedded couple. • Dekir – death song of Maranao. • Dekil – Maguindanao dirge in vigil.

Religious Chants • Salathul Juma – Friday prayer chant • Tarawe – chant during the Ramadan

Folk Epic • Rajah Indarapatra – Maguindanao • Darangen – Maranao

Music of Non-Islam Filipino

Non-Islam Cultural Groups

• Bagobo – Davao Gulf and davao region • Bilaan – Davao Gulf • Kalagan – Davao Gulf • Mandaya – Davao Region • Mansaka – Davao region • Manobo – Bukidnon, Agusan del Sur, Cotabato • Matigsalug – Bukidnon • Subanon – Zamboanga peninsula • Tiruray – SOCCSARGEN Region • T’boli – South Cotabato

Vocal Music

Life Cycle • Bua – Lullabye of Subanon • Uyug – Uyug – Lullabye of Mansaka • Yadadang – Lullabye of Bilaan • Manambay – Chant on circumscision ritual of Subanon • Kambong – love incantation of Manobo • Sinda-ay – Wedding Chant sung before inviting the groom’s party to enter the bride’s house. • Balow – song for dead husband of Matigsalug • Iring Iring – Manobo song sung on wakes • Ulag ing _ lament song of Manobo

Occupational Song • Gago Napu – song for either hunting or fishing of Subanon • Balatuking – Manobo harvest song

Ritual Song • Diwata – for curing ceremony of Subanon • Pamasag – for victory celebration of Manobo • Pangan Do – for thanksgiving of Manobo

Musical Instruments of Mindanao

Chordophones (Stringed instruments) - A chordophone is any musical instrument which makes sound by way of a vibrating string or strings stretched between two points.

Two Stringed – Lute

• Mansaka –Binarig • Bilaan – Faglong • T’boli – Hagelong or hegalong • Mansaka – Kudlong, kdlung, Kutyapi • Maranao – Kutyapi • Bukidnon – Katyapi • Subanen – Kutapi • Tiruray – Fegerong • Ata – Kudlung • Bagobo – Kodlong • Maguindanao – Kudyapi

Kudyapi – is a guitar with two strings. It is about 1 ½ m long and made of wood. It has a stick to support in its lower end and is played in the same position as cello.

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Kudlung – Two stringed lute made of wood, one string for the melody, one for the drone. Eight frets are glued on the neck of the lute. The Body of the instrument is carbved with geometric patterns. The neck and the head are adorned with horse hair; the tai; has two (originally three) pieces of carabao skin; the strap is adorned with bead work. Dimension: length – 98 cm., width – 8.5 cm., height 5.5 cm.

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Saluroy – is a bamboo polychordal tub zither of Bagobo. It is called as kolitong in Cordillera region.

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Adugwag-ay – one-stringed fiddle instrument of Bilaans also called Kugot (Agusan - Manobo) and Duwagey (T’boli).

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Aerophones (Wind Instruments) - Is any musical instrument which produces sound primarily by causing a body of air to vibrate without the use of strings or membranes and without the vibration of the instruent itself adding considerably to the sound.

Sahunay – is a bamboo flute, leavng six holes for the fingers and trumpet made of coconut leaf. It is about 50 cm long and 3 cm in diameter. This is a bamboo flute of the Tausugs in Sulu.

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Palendag – A lip-valley flute, it is considered the toughest of the three bamboo flutes ( the others being the tumpong and the suling ) to use because of the way one must shaoe one’s lips against its tip to make a sound. The construction of the mouthpiece is such that lower end id cut diagonally to accommodate the lower lip and the second diagonal cut is make for the blowing edge.

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Suling – ring flte of Bilaan and Tiruray, maguindanao, Samal, Tausug and Yakan. It is the smallest bamboo flute of the Maguindanaonn and the only one classified as a ring-flute. Other names for the Suling includes: Lantey (Ata), Kinsi (Bukidnon), Dagoyong (Higanon), Babarak (Palawan)

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Idiophones (Percussion Instruments) - An idiophone is any musical innstrument which creates sound primarily by way of tehe instrument’s vibrating, without the use of strings or membranes. Mst percussion instruments which are not drums are idiophones.

Kulintang – is a term with various meanings, all related to the melody-playing gong row. Technically, the term kulintang is the Maguindanao word for eight gong kettles which are laid horizontally upon a rack creating an entire kulintang set called Apasangan. The idiophone functions as a lead/Central Melodic instrument for the entire ensemble.
-Is a set of eight knobbed gongs in graduated sizes from largest to smallest mounted in a wooden frame, about a meter long. Muslim carvings decorated the frame. The Kulintang is played by striking the gongs with two pieces of wood, about 12 inches long while the player squats on the floor. The instruments is popular in Sulu.

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Gabbang – is similar to a xylophone. It is made of bamboo and wooden box with one end wider than the other, and with an open top. Across top, wooden bars of different lengths are placed to fit the shape of the box, about 1 cm from eacch other. It is played by strking the wooden bars with a wooden hammer. This instruments is popular in Sulu.

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Gandingan A Kayo – (translated means, “wooden gandingan,” or “gandingan made of wood”) is a Philippine xylophone and considered the wooden version of the real gandingan. This instrument is a relatively new instrument coming of age due to the increasing popularity of the “wooden kulintang ensemble.”

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Kulintang A Kayo – This is a wooden Xylophone of the Maguindanao people with eight tuned slabs arranged horizontally. Made of soft wood such as Bayug. Traditionally it was used for self entertainment purpose inside the house, so beginners could practice kulintang pieces before performi.ng them on the real kulintang and only recently have they been performed as part of “wooden kulintang ensemble”

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Agung – is a set of two wide rimmed bossed-gongs hangs from horizontal pole or wooden frame. It is used by the Maguindanao, Maranao, Samal-Bajau and Tausug people. Usually performed while standing beside the instrument, holding the upper edge of its flange between the thumb and other fingers with the left hand while striking the knob with the right hand. The mallets, called balu, are made from short sticks about half a foot in length and padded with soft but padded with soft but tough material such as rubber at one end.
The larger, lower pitched gong of the two is called the Pangandungan by the Maguindanao and the P’nanggisa-an by the Maranao. Played on the musician’s right, it provides the main part, which it predominantly played on the accents of the rhythmic structure. The Smaller, higher pitched gong, the thiker of the two, is called the Panentekan by the Maguindao and the P’malsan or Pumalsan by the Maranao.

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Gandingan – is a set of four large, hanging gongs used by the Maguindanao as part of their kulintang ensemble. They hang in pairs with the knobs of the lower pitched gongs facing each other. The pair of lower pitched gongs is positioned on the player’s left side while the pair of higher pitched gongs is on the right. When integrated into the ensemble, it functions as a secondary melodic instrument after the main melodic instrument, the kulintang. When played solo, the gandingan allows fellow Maguindanao to communicate with each other, allowing them to send messages or warnings via long distances. This ability to imitate tones of the Maguindanao language using this instrument has given the gandingan connotation: the “talking gongs.

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Babandil - is a single, narrow-rimmed Philippine gong used primarily as the “timekeeper” of the Maguindanao kulintang ensemble. Also called: Babendir – Maguindanao; Babandir-Maranao, Tagbanwa, Batak, Palaw’an; Banendir and Tungtung – Tausug; Salimbal; Mapindil- Yakan; Bubundi – Mansaka.
-The babendil could be played while standing or when seated with the babendil hung half a foot from the floor. Proper technique requires the player to hold the babendil vertically, angled away from the body, with the gong held at the rim between their thumb and four fingers. With their thumb parallel to the rim of the gong, the players strikes the rim of the gong using their betay to play fundamental patterns that are similar to the drum pattern on the dabakan or the beat of the lower-pitched agung.

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Kagul - is a type of Philippine bamboo scraper gong/slit drum of the Maguindanaon and Visayans with a jagged edge on one side, played with two beaters, one scarping the jagged edge and the other one making a beat. The Maguindanaon and the Banuwaen use it in the rice paddies to guard against voracious birds, using the sound it produces to scare them away. The Maguindanaon and the Bukidnon also use it for simple dance rhythms during social occasions.

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Kulintang A Tiniok - is a type of Philippine metallophone with eight tuned knobbed metal plates strung together via string atop a wooden antangan (rack). Kulintang a tiniok is a Maguindanaon term meaning “kulintang with string” but they also could call them kulintang a putao, meaning “kulintang of metal.” The Maranao refer to this instrument as a sarunay (or salunay, salonay, saronay, saronai, sarunai).

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Kubing - is a type jaw harp from bamboo found among the Maguindanaon and other Muslim and non-Muslim tribes in the Philippines and Indonesia. The instrument is held horizontally with the bamboo tongue in front of the open mouth. The left end is hit by the thumb of the right hand. This makes the bamboo tongue vibrate which cause a sound. The mouth serves as a resonator and by changing the shape and size of the mouth opening, the overtones can be changed, thus creating a melody. By strongly breathing in or out the volume can b changed as well. The kubing is traditionally considered an intimate instrument, usually used as communication between family or a loved one in close quarters. Both genders can use the instrument, the females more infrequently than males who use it for short distance courtship. Other names: Kumbing – Bagobo, Lideng – Bilaan, Kobing – Maranao and Samal, Kulaing – Tausug and Yakan

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Membranophones (Drum Instruments) - is any musical instrument which produces sound primarily by way of a vibrating stretched membrane. Most membranophones are drums.

Dabakan – is goblet –shaped drum of Maguindanao and Maranao, which has a single head covered with goat, lizard or snakeskin. It is struck with two thin bamboo sticks about 18 inches in length.

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Dadabuan – it is an hour glass shaped drum made of wood; the membrane is made of carabao skin. Decorated with carvings and painted. The drum is part of theKulintang ensemble.

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Gandang – is a two-headed cylindrical drum of Tuasug, Samal, Badjao, Maranao and Maguindanao. Called as kendang in ither South east Asian countries. It is one of the primary instruments used in the Gamelan ensembles of java, Bali and Terengganu.

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Ethno-Linguistic Grouping in Mindanao

Five Major Groups in Mindanao (Muslim or Moros) 1. Tausug 2. Maranao 3. Maguindanao 4. Samal 5. Badjao

Other ethnic groups:
1. Yakan
2. Tiruray
3. T'Boli
4. Bagobo
5. Subanon
6. Bukidnon
7. Manobo

Tausug
- (people of the current) were the fisrt tribe in the archipelago to be converted to Islam. They are historically, the ruling people of the ancient Sultanate of Jolo, and regard themselves supeiror to other Philippine Muslims. They generally live a combative, "very mascular" life, where violence is often an expression of the social process. They are traders, fishermen and artisans of fine Muslim textiles and metal works.
Tausug Wisdom - To the Tausug, a proverb is masaalla, a word of Arabic origin. Some are pittuwa, or advice about life. Proverbs are part of daman or symbolic speech, which includes riddles and courtship dialogue.
Some proverbs follow:

Tausug: In lasa iban uba di hikatapuk.
Tagalog: Ang pag-ibig at ubo ay hindi maitatago.
English: Love and a cough cannot be hidden.

Tausug: In ulang natutuy mada sin sug.
Tagalog: Ang natutulog na alimango ay matatangay ng agaos.
English: A sleeping crab will be carried by the current.

Tausug: Wayruun asu bang way kayu.
Tagalog: Kung walang usok, wala ring apoy.
English: There is no smoke where there is no fire.

Tausug: Atay nagduruwaruwa wayruun kasungan niya.
Tagalog: Kung ang isa ay hindi makapag disisyon, siya ay walang kinabukasan.
English: One who cannot decide will have no future.

Tausug: Ayaw mangaku daug salugay buhi.
Tagalog: (1) Huwag aaminin ang pagkatalo haggang ikaw ay nabubuhay. or (2) Hanggang maybuhay, may pag asa.
English: Never admit defeat as long as you live.

Textile patterns and Fabrics
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Maranao
Maranao are the graceful "people of the lake", living on the northern edge of Lake Lanao. They are Mindanao's last group to be converted to Islam.

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Maranao Art
Okir or okkil refers to the ranfe of folk motifs, usually of plants and geometric forms, that are prominent in Maranao art work.
The oldest proof of okir's flowering is the torogan, the ancestral home of the highest titleholder in a Maranao village. The torongan is a symbol of rank abd prestige and is reserved for important celebrations and political events. It stands out architecturally in the community because if its panolong - a carved beam that protrudes in the front of the house and is adorned with okir motif.
Aside from plan and vegetable forms, the panalong has come to be dominated by the nafa or sepent motif. The malong, woven Maranao cloth, also bears various okir designs.In fact, the geometric and plant designs on the vertical strips of the malong indicate the wearer's village of origin. Brass and metal works, from the fuctional betel-nut boxes to musical instruments, always carry these designs as well. A more distinctive variation is the sarimanok, a chickenlike figure that carries a fish in its beak.

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Maguindanao
Maguindanao are the "people of the flood plain," inhibiting an unappealing area of Cotabato Province, where land is periodically flooded by overflowing rivers. They are the largest grounp of Muslim. They are a hardy clan, surviving on agriculture, fishing and weaving fine mats and baskets.

Textile and Fabrics:
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Samal
The Samal are the poorest and least independent of the major Muslim groups. They serve as the "loyal commoners" in the hierarchy of Muslim minorities. Their lives are literally over the sea, where the villages stand on stilts above the coastal waters.

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Badjao
Badjao are the "sea gypsies," the true wanderers of the Sulu seas. They are born on the water, live upon their tiny crafts for a lifetime - turning tawny and blode in the sun and salt - and set foot on the land only to die. The Badjao are a superficially Islam tribe numbering some 20,000.

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Yakan
Yakan is another unique cultural group of Sulu living on Basilan Island south of Zamboanga. They are gentle people of partial Polynesian origin, with mixed Muslim and animalist beliefs. They are the most superb textile weavers of the southern archipelago. On backstrap looms they turn fine cotton and silks into remarkable geometric work of art.

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Tiruray
The Tiruray are of Malay stock. They are a hores-riding hill people occupying the mountains of southwest Mindanao.

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T'Boli
T'Boli tribe of Lake Sebu in Cotabato have a wealth of crafts, elaborate ethnic costumes, and vivaciousdances and music. They are also admired for their handsome brasswork, which finds its way into figure statuary, heavy belts, chains and noisy anklets by much-beaded and broidery-bedecked tribal women.

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Bagobo
The heavily ornamented Bagobo live along the desolate eastern coast of the Gulf of Davao. In imitating the metal art works of the Moros (Muslim Warriors), the tribe has produced an ornate tradition in weaponry, and inlaid, bell-jangled metal boxes. The Bagobo also weave abaca cloths of ruddy earth tones, and weave baskets.

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Subanon
The Subanon of western Lanao originated one of the country's highest tradition of pottery. The 50,000 Bukidnon of east Lanao are a tribe of fiercely independent highland dwellers.

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Bukidnon
The 50,000 Bukidnon of East Lanao are a tribe of fiercely independent gighland dwellers.

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Manobo
"Manobo" is the hispanicized form of "Manuvu," which, of course, means "people." The Manobo appear to be a remnant of the very first Austronesian invasion from Taiwan, predating peoples like the Ifugao of Luzon. The general orientation is now predominantly upland, as they were chased from the valleys by invading Visayans and Spaniards. But the Manobo have an adaptation to virtually every ecological niche, from rugged highland to coast, and are found from Sarangani Island to Agusan del Sur, the Davao provinces, Bukidnon, and North and South Cotabato. The distinctive ethnic costumes have mostly given way to commercial clothing, with ethnic materials being sold commercially as antiques.

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Kadayawan Festival

- is an annual festival in the city of Davao in the Philippines. Its name derives from the friendly greeting "Madayaw", from the Dabawenyo word "dayaw", meaning good, valuable, superior or beautiful. The festival is a celebration of life, a thanksgiving for the gifts of nature, the wealth of culture, the bounties of harvest and serenity of living. It is held every third week of August.
The festival honors Davao's artistic, cultural and historical heritage, its past personified by the ancestral Lumad people, its people as they celebrate on the streets, and its floral industry as its representatives parade in full regalia in thanksgiving for the blessings granted on the city. A celebration that interfaces the three aspects: tribal; industrial and; arts and entertainment. The festivities are highlighted with floral floats, street-dancing competitions and exhibits that showcases the island's tourism products and services.

History

It was said that, long time ago, Davao's ethnic tribes residing at the foot of Mount Apo would converge during a bountiful harvest. This ritual serves as their thanksgiving to the gods particularly to the "Manama" (the Supreme Being).
Various farming implements, fruits, flowers, vegetables, rice and corn grains were displayed on mats as villagers give their respect and thanks for the year's abundance. Singing, dancing and offerings to their divine protectors are the highlights of this ritual.
Although times have changed, this practice of thanksgiving or "pahinungod" is still very much practiced by modern-day Davaoeños. This tradition flourished and evolved into an annual festival of thanksgiving.
In the 1970s, Mayor Elias B. Lopez, a Bagobo, initiated tribal festivals featuring the Lumad and the Muslim tribes of Davao City where they showcase their dances and rituals of thanksgiving.
Later in 1986, a program called "Unlad Proyekto Davao" was initiated by the government which was aimed to unite the Dabawenyos after the turbulent Martial Law era. At that time, the festival was called "Apo Duwaling," a name created from the famous icons of Davao: Mt. Apo, the country's highest peak; Durian, the king of fruits; and Waling-waling, the queen of orchids.
"Apo Duwaling" was meant to showcase the city as a peaceful destination to visit and to do business after 1986 EDSA Revolution.
Finally in 1988, City Mayor Rodrigo Duterte renamed the festival as "Kadayawan sa Dabaw" to celebrate the bountiful harvest of Davao's flowers, fruits and other produce as well as the wealth of the city's cultures. To this day, the festival continues to honor the city's richness and diverse artistic, cultural and historical heritage in a grand celebration of thanksgiving for all of Davao City's blessings.

Panagtagbo

Such a grand event as the Kadayawan Festival deserves a grand opening ceremony: the Panagtagbo. Held on August 9 at People's Park, the glorious ceremony features a plethora of performances that include shows by the city’s 11 indigenous tribes – Ata, Matigsalug, Ovu-Manuvo, Klata-Djangan, Tagabawa, Tausog, Maguindanao, Maranao, Kagan, Sama & Iranun.

Davao River Festival

This year bears witness to the revival of the Davao River Festival. The tribes will have their own floats and will be introduced in the fluvial parade along Dawow (Davao) River on August 16. The parade of these colorful floats is not to be missed because the last time there was such an event was in 2008. I’m quite sure that the ethnic tribes have given their best to create these stunning floats.

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Sayaw Mindanaw

Davao City takes pride of its tribal and ethnic roots. Each of the 11 tribes has its own set of dances, rituals, and customs. These are showcased in the dance competition, although the participants are not necessarily a representative of a tribe.

Lumadnong Bantawan

The indigenous people of Davao City offer performances that depict the life, history, culture, and numerous talents. Each of the tribes is given the chance to offer the performance of a lifetime in different timeslots and location in a series of shows.

Tunog Mindanaw

This is a songwriting competition open to the public but focuses on the unique sounds and instrumentations of the region. Songwriters create Mindanaoan-inspired music that gives you a glimpse of the rich culture of Davao City and its neighbors.

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Hiyas sa Kadayawan

The tribes pick their most talented and beautiful women to compete for the Hiyas sa Kadayawan, a pageant search for that distinctive indigenous young lady who is knowledgeable of her native culture and wisdom through a pageantry of Mindanaoan myths and legends. These gorgeous women will also join the parade and shower smiles.

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Indak-Indak sa Kadalanan

This street parade is a must-see in the festival, with the city’s major thoroughfares closed off to traffic for the entire event. This colorful parade features graceful dancers decked in splendid, colorful costumes and dancing to the beat of ethnic-inspired music. This happens on August 17. The streets come alive with millions of stunning colors from the dancers and their glorious costumes and props. The competition showcases local talents whose dancing prowess can make you dance to the beat of their music. It is a day of cheers and smiles – prepare to be amazed.

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Pamulak sa Kadalanan

On August 18, Pamulak sa Kadalanan brings parades to a whole new level, introducing a colorful parade of majestic floral floats that offer a wide range of stunning designs and intricate craftsmanship. The event was designed to showcase the beautiful flowers and abundant vegetation grown across the city.

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Tinikling Dance
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Tinikling is a traditional Philippine dance which originated during the Spanish colonial era.[1] The dance involves two people beating, tapping, and sliding bamboo poles on the ground and against each other in coordination with one or more dancers who step over and in between the poles in a dance. It is traditionally danced to rondalla music, a sort of serenade played by an ensemble of stringed instruments which originated in Spain during the Middle Ages.

History

The name "tinikling" is a reference to birds locally known as tikling, which can be any of a number of rail species; the term tinikiling literally means "tikling-like."
The dance originated in Leyte, an island in the Visayas in the central Philippines. It imitates the movement of the tikling birds as they walk between grass stems, run over tree branches, or dodge bamboo traps set by rice farmers. Dancers imitate the tikling bird's legendary grace and speed by skilfully maneuvering between large bamboo poles.
Legend has it that tinikling originated during the Spanish rule of the Philippines, when natives worked on large plantations under the control of the King of Spain. Those who didn't work productively were punished by standing between two bamboo poles.[4] This however, is a mere legend and has no historical basis.
Today tinikling is taught throughout the United States. In grades K-12 the dance is used as an aerobic exercise for physical education classes, to help expand physical movements such as hand coordination, foot speed, and also rhythm. Tinikling is commonly performed on special occasions such as the Filipino Independence Day as a celebration of Filipino culture and Filipino pride.

The dance

Tinikling involves five steps; during the first four steps, the dancers dance opposite each other, and during the last step, they start from the same side of the poles. The bamboo is used as a percussive instrument as it is banged against the ground (or a piece of wood to make it easier to hold) and each other in a pattern. The bamboo has to be closed hard enough to make a sound, and the dancers must be quick enough to not get their foot (or feet) caught. As the dance continues, the banging of the bamboo becomes faster and harder, the sound of the clashiFor this traditional folk dance, females wear a dress called balintawak or patadyong, and males wear an untucked embroidered shirt called the barong tagalog. The balintawak are colorful dresses with wide arched sleeves and the patadyong is a pineapple fiber blouse paired with checkered skirts. The barong Tagalog uniform is usually lightweight long sleeved shirts and worn with red trousers. Dancers wear no footwear while performing.[7]
Similar dances are found throughout Asia, such as the Cheraw dance from India, Múa Sạp from Vietnam, Lao Kra Top Mai from Thailand, Robam Kom Araek from Cambodia, Karen or Chin Bamboo Dance from Myanmar, Alai Sekap in Brunei, Ami Bamboo Dance from Taiwan, and Magunatip from Sabah, East Malaysia. ng bamboo and the quickness of feet demonstrated by the dancers thrilling the crowd.

Difference between Eustress and Distress
Eustress is the good stress that motivates you to continue working. Stress can be a motivater and provide incentive to get the job done. This "good stress" is what eustress can be identified as and some people enjoy it. Everyone needs a little bit of stress in their life in order to continue to be happy, motivated, challenged and productive. It is when this stress is no longer tolerable and/or manageable that distress comes in.

Examples of Good Stressors

A good stressor makes you feel "stressed-out" but is actually a positive event; one that is good for you, or might be good for you. Some of these examples include:

• Getting married: Getting married is not easy because there are usually a hundred and one different details that need to be taken care of, not to mention the fact that you are going through a major life change. You may adore your spouse and know down to your very soul that this is the right decision for you, and still feel stressed by this huge life change. • Job interview: Most people usually feel ecstatic when they finally secure a job interview, but that elation can quickly turn to worry as you contemplate actually going to the interview. • Starting college: Many teens spend their high school days anticipating that moment when they can enter college, and be seen as an official adult; one that is "free". However, once the reality of separating from their friends and family, and often leaving the hometown they grew up in begins to seep into their consciousness, many teens might feel anxious and nervous about the new expectations that are being placed upon them.

Usually this sense of anxiousness leaves once the teen becomes accustomed to his or her new surroundings and schedule, but it can feel pretty nerve-wracking while he or she is going through it. • Having a child: Many people have spent several years waiting and anticipating the birth of their first child, yet may feel stressed and scared as the impending birth looms. Fears associated with not being "ready" for such a life-changing event, or feeling inept in some way, is quite common. • Buying a large ticket item: From purchasing a car to buying your first house, purchasing a large ticket items is a prime example of how a "good" stressor can make your blood pressure rise. In short, you are excited and happy, but you may still have some gnawing fears in the back of your mind.

Distress or bad stress, is when the good stress becomes to much to bear or cope with. Tension builds, there is no longer any fun in the challenge, there seems to be no relief, no end in sight. This is the kind of stress most of us are familiar with and this is the kind of stress that leads to poor decision making. Physiological symptoms of distress include and increase in blood pressure, rapid breathing and generalized tension. Behavioral symptoms include overeating, loss of appetite, drinking, smoking and negative coping mechanisms.

Examples of Bad Stressors

Some of the more common examples of "bad" event stressors include: • Losing your job: No one needs a detailed explanation of why losing your job, and the prospect of not being able to support yourself, or family is enough to keep anyone awake at night. • The death of a loved one: The death of a loved one, particularly someone close, like a spouse, can be a tremendous blow and a devastating event that takes a long time to come to terms with. It's easy to see why this is considered a major stress as it can have a direct impact on almost every area of your life. • Weather: When you think of stressors, the weather doesn't usually come to mind, but the truth is that a major disaster can have a huge, and sometimes stressful impact on your life. Weather events from tornadoes that destroy or wreak havoc to floods that leave your basements crippled in water can be an unexpected monetary concern and also traumatic if you happen to lose sentimental mementos or family heirlooms. • Confronting physical danger: Being in physical danger is also quite a stressor. Although not read as dangerous on the body as long term hassles, confronting a robber or being swept away by a fast moving river is certainly considered a stressor. • Illness: Illness, whether relatively short in duration, for example having the flu, or something more long-term, like recovering from bypass surgery, can also have quite an impact on your life.

Bernardo D. Carpio National High School

MAPEH

Submitted to: Cristina I. Hirro

Submitted by: Sunshine S. Atos
Grade 7 – Crystal

January 18, 2016