...&/01&%=95E40,.4.& !7,&A04F,2./-&6,--&6=6-,&650925-&.=.9,8! %,--&6=6-,&67,6E&;5409.& %/06,2&/01&G;5;95.4.& 3. Objectives 1. Learn about structural features and functions of the components in an Textbooks 4 (1) Essential Cell Biology by Alberts et al. (4th Edition) published by Garland Publishing, Inc. in 2014. (2) Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments by Gerald Karp (7th Edition) published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. in 2013. • The textbooks are recommended, neither of them is required. • Additional reading will be posted on moodle website and announced in class Internet address: http://moodle.concordia.ca Grading Scheme 5 • Midterm • In-class Activity/Assignment • i>clicker • Final exam 30% 12% 3% (starts Jan 20th) 55% Final exam will cover the entire course (cumulative) 6 CELLS AND ORGANELLES Lecture 1 BIOL 266/4 2014-15 Dr. S. Azam Biology Department Concordia University What does it mean to be living? 7 • Cells distinguish living organisms from non living things • All living organisms are made up of cells • Cells are the fundamental and structural unit of life 8 BASIC PROPERTIES OF A CELL !Basic!Proper,es!of!Cells 9 1. Life!is!the!most!basic!property!of!cells.! 2. Cells!can!grow!and!reproduce!in!culture!for! extended!periods.! ...
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...FHSC1214 FUNDAMENTALS OF CELL BIOLOGY TUTORIAL 6 CELL ORGANELLES I Instructor’s Guide: 1. Standard answers are not encouraged. Discuss with the students and lead them to the correct answer. 2. Allow and push the students to express and explain the answers, at the same time, correct their mistakes or concepts. 3. If the tutorial questions are not yet covered in the lecture, it should be carried forward to the next tutorial. [Source: Final Examination for Sept 2013] Q1. Figure 1 is a micrograph of a cell and its internal structures. Figure 1 (a) Specify the microscopy technique used to obtain the micrograph shown in Figure 1. (1 mark) (b) Identify the structures labeled A, B, C, D and E. (5 marks) (c) State THREE evidences that the micrograph shown in Figure 1 is of an animal cell. (3 marks) [Source: Final Examination for Sept 2012] Q2. Figure 2 shows two different images of cilia taken from different types of electron microscope. Figure 2 By using a table, state TWO similarities and TWO differences between the two electron microscopes. (6 marks) | P (TEM) | Q (SEM) | Similarities | | | | Differences | | | | | | [Source: Final Examination for April 2014] Q3. Figure 3 shows the method used to isolate cell components. Figure...
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...one that results in two circumstances – either life will go on or life will not. Millions of families are afflicted with diseases and disorders that they would do anything in any lifetime for cures to spare their loved ones. Stem cells through argument of science can cure diseases or help heal individuals who suffer from debilitating conditions such as spinal cord injuries, strokes, heart conditions, and burns to name a few. (Reaves, 2001) The argument for stem cell research proves to be one of both moral hazard and religious conviction. (G.Fischbach, 2004) On the moral side, the idea to use terminated pregnancies in order for gain or just their cells is unfathomable. The religious conviction is that individuals who terminated their pregnancies because of the assumed small value they placed on human life only made these cells available. However, these cells before they form human life are cells that have not generated into existing diseases or degenerative conditions. (NIH, 2009) Stem Cell research can be looked at in many ways, but it personally should be viewed a progression to better lives ruined by diseases and catastrophe, not regression and immoral in the eyes of deities and those superior. In the U.S. states funding for stem cell research was prominent in early part of the 21st century by both members of both the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. However, because of religious convictions of George W. Bush, the bill was vetoed after passing both the...
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...epithelial cells. 2. Perform dose dependant studies on primary lung epithelial cells by treating with 0-20nM uPA for 28 hr and 48hr. cell apoptosis and cell proliferation assay will be done for all concentration of uPA 3. Determine uPA, uPAR, PAI-1 and p53 expression in Beas2B cells after the treatment with uPA using western blot. Cells will be treated with 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20nM concentration of uPA and bleomycin (40ug/ml) and the condition media, lysates and membrane proteins will be analyzed. B-actin will be used as loading control for analysis of gels. PROPOSED METHODS OF STUDY Cell culture and Maintenance The human bronchial epithelial (Beas2B) or primary small airway (SAE) cells will be cultured and maintained in LHC-9 medium supplemented with PSN antibiotics at 370C. The cells will be fed for every 48hrs until it grows as monolayers and reach 80% confluency. Then cells will be subcultured in 100 mm plates and 6 well plates by detaching them using trypsin-EDTA(Trypsin 0.5 g/L; EDTA 0.2g/L), collecting them in 4ml of LHC-9 medium, centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1000 rpm at room temperature and re-suspending the pellet in 4ml of LHC-9 medium. Cells will be cryopreserved for future use using cryoprotectant medium consisting of fresh LHC-9 medium and 10% (v/v) DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide). The cells will be stored in liquid nitrogen vapour phase. Treatment of cell lines with uPA Once the SAE cells in 100mm...
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...Te c h n i c a l M a n u a l Dual-Luciferase® Reporter Assay System INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE OF PRODUCTS E1910 AND E1960. INTEGRATED S OLUTI ON S u se m e w i th G LO M A X ® INST RUMENTS world-class INTEGRATED S O LUTIO N S SERV ICE & SUPPORT PRINTED IN USA. Revised 6/11 Part# TM040 Dual-Luciferase® Reporter Assay System All technical literature is available on the Internet at: www.promega.com/tbs/ Please visit the web site to verify that you are using the most current version of this Technical Manual. Please contact Promega Technical Services if you have questions on use of this system. E-mail: techserv@promega.com. 1. Description..........................................................................................................2 A. Dual-Luciferase® Reporter Assay Chemistry...................................................3 B. Format of the Dual-Luciferase® Reporter Assay .............................................5 C. Passive Lysis Buffer .............................................................................................6 2. Product Components and Storage Conditions ............................................8 3. The pGL4 Luciferase Reporter Vectors .........................................................9 A. Description of pGL4 Vectors ..............................................................................9 B. Important Considerations for Co-Transfection Experiments ........................9 4. Instrument Considerations...
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...this experiment, we use different concentration of sucrose solution to control the variable of hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic. From the results obtained, I can conclude that when the molarity of sucrose is below 0.3M, the potato will increase in length and thus making it into a turgid form feeling hard. From this, we can reason that any sucrose solution with a molarity of less than 0.3M is hypotonic compared to the potato cell. The water molecules will travel from sucrose solution to potato cell. When we used a sucrose solution with a molarity of 0.3M, there were no changes in the length of the potato. The potato remains flaccid. According to the results, 0.3M is an isotonic solution to the potato cell. For this result, the net movement of water molecules across the semi permeable membrane is zero. The potato feels softer when touched with finger. When we used sucrose solution with a molarity above 0.3M the potato shortens in length. The cell is now plasmolysed. This happens because the sucrose solution is now hypertonic compared to the potato cell. The water molecules from the potato will travel to the sucrose solution. The potato strip feels very soft when touched with finger. From all of this above, I can conclude that as the concentration of sucrose solution increases, the length of the potato strips decreases. Therefore, the...
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...science Updates About Biology SUBMITTED TO: MRS. MA. L. TAN SUBMITTED BY: RHEINROSE GARCIA FIONA DE LEON PAUL HERNANDEZ MAY ANN MARBANO MAE JEAN RECUBEDO | Baculovirus-recognizing human cell receptor identified for the first time | The receptor used by baculovirus to enter and interact with human cells has been identified. This syndecan-1 receptor was identified for the first time in a recent collaborative study carried out by the University of Eastern Finland and the University of Jyväskylä in Finland. The findings increase our understanding of the strategies by which the virus causes infection in cells and further facilitates the development of baculovirus for applications of gene transfer. According to the researchers, the identification of the syndecan-1 receptor helps in understanding the ways baculovirus interacts with human cells and sheds further light on the mechanisms the virus uses in human cells. The study also focused on the role of the syndecan-1 receptor in the cell penetration of baculovirus. The study was published in the prestigious Journal of Virology. The article was featured in the Spotlight section of the journal, which is reserved for especially interesting and distinguished publications. Used in drugs and vaccines Baculovirus is an insect-infecting...
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...America today. Stem cell research is one of the many pressing issues that will play a big part in the election and one that the Bush administration had to tackle when George W. Bush first took office. Stem cell research is definitely an issue that American’s shouldn’t take lightly because it has the potential to save millions of lives and keep America’s reputation as the “medical pioneers.” Like all issues though, unfortunately stem cell research has pro’s and con’s and depending on how firm your religious beliefs are planted and what your religious beliefs are, it may effect which side you take. Diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and Alzheimer’s; these are just a few human diseases and disorders that may have affected you or someone you know. If you knew that scientists were on the brink of curing diseases such as these, would you support them? The real question remains; would you continue your support knowing that a person was saved at the sacrifice of another being that had no voice? Let’s first explore and understand the facts. What exactly are stem cells? Our bodies contain hundreds of different types of cells that carry out functions for different organs in our bodies such as our blood, heart and brain. There are 220 different types of cells to be exact and researchers have discovered a way to extract these cells from human embryos and grow the cells in a laboratory. These researchers have taken growth to the next level by coaxing these stem cells to develop into...
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...Levels Reflect a Nexus of Oncogenic Signaling during Cell Transformation. Cancer can be defined as the disease caused by abnormal cell proliferation in parts of the body or a malignant growth of a tumor resulting from these cells. However, it is not just one disease instead a large group of diseases since the action can happen in any part of the body. There is this ability the cells have to migrate from the site of origin abnormal growth and spread to distant sites. One out of every four deaths in the United States is from this disease which drives scientists to study Cancer Biology and its pathways. In studying the different pathways, there is the hope that we can either make a cure or prevent these pathways from occurring to cause these cells to override the apoptosis. In order to understand the author specific point of research we must first understand SV40-small T antigen, Rb, and p27. To begin, SV40 is a proto-oncogene which is capable of transforming several of cell types. It seems to disturbed pRb function regulating cell cycle progression, and equivalent to a light switch turning transcription in cells. Compared to pRb functions in cell cycle suppression, it prevents the cell from replicating damaged DNA by preventing its progression of the cell cycle through G1 to S phase. In general, when it binds to E2F it act as a growth suppressor and prevents the cell from going through the cell cycle. Similarly, p27 controls cell proliferation by binding and regulation the activity...
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...ways cells communicate with each other. Cells are the smallest functional unit in an organism and they piece together to make the genetic build-up of that organism, as a result some organisms contain millions of cells which must all communicate together to ensure the correct functionality of the organism. This is done by sending and receiving signals from one cell to another. As cells vary in their structure and purpose, they must communicate in different ways, hence appropriate signalling is used to convey information, as a result cell signalling is important to cell biology (Hancock, 2010)1. The aim of cell communication is that the arrival of the signal or signal molecule into the cell should cause the cell to respond. This means that once the signal arrives at the plasma membrane of the cell it must be transported to the correct destination inside of the cell in order for the right action to take place (Hancock, 2010). To do this protein receptors in the plasma membrane of the cell receive the signal, then transmit the signal into the cell where the signal is directed by a cell signalling cascade to a specific destination. The signal then arrives at its destination and a result can then be generated. There are different types of signalling, therefore different factors must be taken into account when a signal is sent. An important factor in determining what signal to use is distance between the signalling cell and the target cell involved. For example, if the cells which...
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...INTERMEDIATE MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY Biological Sciences 121 – Spring 2013 Section 1 - Course Number 33203 I. Course Information Prerequisites: BIO 01 and 02 Instructor: Dr. Tom Landerholm, Humboldt 211E, 278-6152, e-mail: landerholm@csus.edu Lectures: Monday and Wednesday 3:00-4:15 pm, Sequoia 301 Office Hours: Monday and Wednesday 1:00-2:30 pm, Sequoia 326, or by appointment Required Textbook: Alberts, et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell. 5th edition. Garland Publishing, Hamden, CT. 2002. The text is available in the bookstore and two copies have been placed on reserve in the library. Downloadable Course Materials: 1. MySacCT 9.1: 2013 Spring: BIO 121 Molecular Cell Biology – SECTION 01 2. Syllabus and course schedule, outlines, PowerPoint slides, Note-taking sheets, study questions, previous exams as available. Grading: Grades will be based on the result of four midterm exams and a cumulative final exam: A(-) > 90%, B(+) > 80%, C(+) > 70%, D(+) > 60%, and F < 60%. Midterm Exam 1 Wednesday 02/13 100 points Midterm Exam 2 Wednesday 03/06 100 points Midterm Exam 3 Wednesday 04/03 100 points Midterm Exam 4 Wednesday 04/24 100 points Midterm Exam 5 Wednesday 05/15 100 points Final Exam Monday 05/20 150 points Total Points 650 II. Course Policies ...
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...Osmosis Is Serious Business! by Troy R. Nash Department of Biology Presbyterian College, Clinton, SC Questions-Too Much of a Good Thing 1. The extra fertilizer created a hypertonic environment around the roots of the corn ____/ 2 pts. What sort of environment (hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic) did the extra fertilizer create around the roots of the corn? 2. The extra fertilizer caused the soil to become hypertonic which cause water to diffuse out of the corn into the soil. This caused the crops to die from lack of water. ____/ 2pts. Keeping in mind your answer to the previous question, what do you believe caused the corn plants to wilt and eventually die? 3. If Michael would have told his dad what he had done, two things could have possibly been done.. One option would have been the removal of as much of the extra fertilizer as possible to reduce the chance of the fertilizer becoming hypertonic. The other option would to be to overwater the crops so the environment would be isotonic and no diffuse would take place because of the equal concentrations of the solutions inside and outside of the plant cells. I think just telling his father would have saved a lot of heartache and trouble. ____/ 2 pts If Michael’s mistake had been caught earlier, is there anything that could have been done to prevent the corn from dying? Questions-Too Little Too Late 1. The distilled water cause the patient’s bloodstream to become a hypotonic environment . ____/2pts. What problem did...
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...aren’t sure about being a candidate for stem cell treatment. I have done a bit of research to help you understand the possibilities about being treated with stem cells. I want you to know the pros and cons of the treatment to hopefully help you decide on the best course of action for your injuries. I want you to get better and hope this helps you! Scientists throughout the years have been on the front lines of development for the treatment of diseases, disorders, and injuries for several hundred years now. Until recently stem cell therapy has been a thing of science fiction. But for over 30 years bone marrow has been used to treat cancer, leukemia, and lymphoma. This actually is a form of stem cell therapy that has been used...
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...Stem Cell Research Stem cell research has played a vital role in modern-day society. This research has done many things that will change mankind forever. How can stem cell research be explained and described? Furthermore, there are many benefits of stem cell research, and unfortunately, there are many disadvantages of this research. Additionally, this has caused many ethical debates of whether the use of stem cell research is right or wrong. All of these statements and questions will determine how stem cell research shapes the future. To begin, how can stem cell research be explained and described? In this type of research, people discover how to fix imperfect tissues. Additionally, researchers study how embryonic stem cells can develop into many different types of tissues. Stem cell research began when Jamie Thomson and a group of people from a college made the first embryonic stem cell. Because of him and his team, the research has developed into something even larger. Now, stem cell therapy is used to treat many diseases such as diabetes, and Parkinson’s disease. “It had long been believed that adult tissue does not...
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...Ways for stem cell research to be beneficial are still being discovered. Stem cell research remains as a very new and cutting edge scientific discovery. They are very unique and hold a promise to be very helpful in the future because of its complex makeup. The scientific world is evolving and stem cells are becoming a main part in it. The uses that have already been found for stem cells are only the beginning and have scratched the surface to what they could do if they were used to their full potential. It is promising that in the future we will be able to help people who have suffered from sepsis, which is when someone has an infection that spreads throughout their body (Murnaghan, 2014, p. 2). Sepsis is a health condition that is very...
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