...Research and evaluation go hand-in-hand as key features that contribute to any successful public relations efforts. Without them, public relations plans and activities would have no clear direction or guidance as to how to speak to their intended audiences. With the increase in organisations seeking justification for their PR spend; it is even more important for practitioners to demonstrate return on their investment through their own evaluation. Effective primary and secondary research, along with a commitment to ongoing evaluation is crucial to any public relations plan. It is important that both research and evaluation are always undertaken as it will ultimately provide a solid foundation and help to ensure the campaign is continually evolving, increasing the chances of its success. Research, an essential tool for any public relations campaign, assists with the gathering of information and opinions, contributing to the strategic plans ability to increase its efficiency, establish realistic goals and target the right market. With the main purpose of research being to find answers to the questions being asked, it enables the public relations practitioner to build theories that will assist in solving the problems they will face. Harold D. Lasswell, a political scientist, explained the questions every practitioner should ask, ‘who says what, to whom, how, with what effect’ (Lindenmann 2006, p. 3). If a practitioner can find answers to these questions, they will be in a better...
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...Marketing Research Tools Paper MKT/441 September 10, 2012 Marketing Research Tools Paper Companies utilize various tools when performing market research whether doing primary or secondary research. For the purpose of this paper, different research tools will be discussed as well as the differences between primary and secondary research when applying qualitative or quantitative methods. It is vital for companies to research whether a new product or an existing one will make a hit on the market. Company’s may even want to grow geographically and need to know whether the investment is a prudent one. The dynamics of a business and their target markets can be impacted by change whether it is a new organization or an existing one. Primary and Secondary Market Research There are two different types of market research, primary and secondary. Primary research or field research is the most frequently used method. Primary market research is customized to meet specific needs of the business can be handled within the company or outsourced to a marketing firm. Focus groups, surveys, interviews and observations are good examples of primary market research methods. These particular tools are utilized to evaluate distinct issues that are of key interest to the organization and where feedback is required to carry out a strategic action plan. On the other hand secondary market research is founded on information gathered from reports that existed before the original evaluation of the...
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...Research, Statistics, and Psychology There are different forms involved in the study of psychology. Whether in the field of psychology or any academic field, research is necessary to further society from what it is now into what it will become in the future. Research means expanding current knowledge without progressing, stagnation occurs. Research and statistics are unique tools in psychology because the information is part of the methodology of psychology. In the field of psychology, research is what makes it possible to better understand human behavior and gives the knowledge needed to help others. Research and statistics are tracking methods that must stay accurate. Research must be conducted with precision and accountability it is of utter importance, both ethically and morally or it can lead to disastrous results. The methods of primary, secondary data and the branches of statistical methods are key factors used in research. Research is an attempt to find information in a scientific manner (Word Net,2011). By using the scientific methods the results from the research are valid, reliable, and accurate. The scientific method is a process where secondary data is compiled, analyzed, hypothesized, and tested. Using this method decreases human error and subjective thinking from having a influence on the results and interpretations (Pervez & Gronhaug, 2005). While nothing is without fault by using the scientific method of hypothesizing and testing the hypothesis decreases the...
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...CASE DEVELOPMENT Weaknesses in traditional performance evaluation methods - An Ethical Challenge GROUP 8 11BM60041- Partha Pratim 11BM60048- Sumitpal Singh 11BM60058- Shilpa Taneja 11BM60110- Rana Vishal Singh Weaknesses in traditional performance evaluation methods - An Ethical Challenge Abstract/Situation Description The standard performance appraisal does not adequately address employer concerns in maintaining ethical and legal compliance. Globalization and increasingly stringent antidiscrimination legislation necessitates the need for an effective performance appraisal system. “(Some) 90 percent of performance appraisal processes are inadequate.” – Salary.com survey As demonstrated in the important California Supreme Court case of Guz vs. Bechtel National Inc., a laid off employee with lengthy service may offer in evidence a poor performance evaluation record against an employer in an attempt to prove age bias. Although Guz was unsuccessful with the age bias claim, the court opined that plaintiffs with long service may prevail if there is sufficient evidence that the employer’s proffered reasons for layoffs are pretextual. The implied warning by the court to employers is that pretextual use of performance evaluations may paradoxically become evidence against them to prove illegal retaliation or discriminatory intent. In another case, Robert Shaner was a computer programmer in Synthes. In August of 1992, he was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, he...
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...TITLE OF ASSIGNMENT: MARKETING ASSIGNMENT NAME AND SURNAME OF STUDENT: JARROD DANIEL GRABE STUDENT NUMBER: 12-002746 COURSE/QUALIFICATION: BCOM – STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT (IIE DEGREE PROGRAMS) SUBJECT CODE: MRKT5111 DATE: 21 MAY 2012 NAME OF MY LECTURER: HULU BHILA WORD COUNT: (Excluding references, table of contents and any tables or graphs) TABLE OF CONTENTS: 1. QUESTION 1.1……………………………………………………………………3 2. QUESTION 1.2……………………………………………………………………3-4 3. QUESTION 2…………………………………………………………………………. 4. QUESTION 3…………………………………………………………………………. 5. QUESTION 4…………………………………………………………………………. 6. QUESTION 5…………………………………………………………………………. 7. REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………...... 1. QUESTION 1.1 The corporate responsibility of Europcar is a voluntary process whereby the Furthermore Europcar has achieved an ISO14001 rating this entails that Europcar has done a thorough analysis into its business areas and activities and their environmental impact, that it has gone beyond just the needed legislation practices and strived for excellence and the care of future generations and its impact on the environment. The above rating means Europcar has attempted or in some cases succeeded in reducing the cost of waste management, improved distribution costs, lower energy and material consumption and finally an improved brand image among watchdogs, customers and the general public. Environmentally Europcar has been focusing he Socially, Europcar has numerous accolades...
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...Contents 1.1 Preparation of primary and secondary data: 1 1.2 Description and Justification of Survey methodology and frame: 3 1.3 Questionnaire used by Kelloggs India Ltd.: 4 2.1: summarizing data: 5 2.2 Results from the summarizing data: 6 2.3 Measures of dispersion: 7 2.4 quartiles, percentiles, conelation coefficient 8 3.1 Using data from kellogg's business scenario, preparation a range of graphs 9 3.2: Use trend lines in spreadsheet graphs 10 3.3 The answer is delivered through attached Microsoft PowerPoint 10 3.4 Formal Business Report: 10 4.1Management information system: 11 4.2Presentation of a project pian for the Kellogg's case study for an 14 4.3Internal rate of return: 15 Referrences: 16 1.1 Preparation of primary and secondary data: Primary data: Primary data of Kellogg India Ltd. is collected from the primary sources like company own databases, company surverys, interviews. The data which are collected by thoe own researchers source or primary source is known as primary data(Dawes, 1971). The company generally gather its primary data from the existing customer perspective. Besides company accountant information regarding survey plays vital role in this case. Kellogg India Ltd. empahasizes more on primary sources than on the secondary sources of data. They use direct observatons, personal interview from customer as their primary data sources. Secondary data: Secondary data are the subsequent publication of primary literature(Kahnmean and Lovallo...
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...accommodate students with special needs. 2 CONTEST RULE BOOK Table Of Contents I. Program Overview A. B. C. D. E. F. G. Theme Topic Rewards for Participation Divisions Contest Categories Important Notices for Contestants Program Materials 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 II. Rules For All Categories A. General Rules for All Categories B. Required Written Material for All Entries C. Contest Participation 8 10 11 III. Individual Category Rules A. B. C. D. E. Paper Exhibit Performance Documentary Web Site 13 15 17 17 19 IV. How Will Your Entry Be Judged? A. B. C. D. E. F. G. Benefits of the Evaluation Process Who are the Judges? How Does the Evaluation Process Work? Consensus Judging The Subjective Nature of Judging The Decision of the Judges is Final Evaluation Criteria i. Historical Quality ii. Relation to Theme iii. Clarity of Presentation H. Rule Compliance I. Sample Judge’s Evaluation 22 22 22 22 23 23 23 23 23 23 24 24 25 27 NATIONAL HISTORY DAY V. Category Checklist For Further Information 3 What is National History Day? National History Day (NHD) is a yearlong educational program that makes history come alive every day. You learn about interesting issues, ideas, people, and events of your choosing. It is an exciting way to study history because you express what you have learned in a creative and original performance, documentary, paper, web site, or exhibit. Through NHD you learn the skills and techniques of the historian...
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...RESEARCH METHOD This study utilized the descriptive method of research. As widely accepted, the descriptive method of research is a fact-finding study that involves adequate and accurate interpretation of findings. Descriptive research describes a certain present condition. Relatively, the method is appropriate to this study since it aims to describe the present condition of technical analysis as it is used in the stock market. The technique that was used under descriptive method is the normative survey approach and evaluation, which is commonly used to explore opinions according to respondents that can represent a whole population. The survey is appropriate in this study because it enables the researcher in formulation of generalizations. The purpose of employing the descriptive method is to describe the nature of a condition, as it takes place during the time of the study and to explore the cause or causes of a particular condition. The researcher opted to use this kind of research considering the desire to acquire first hand data from the respondents so as to formulate rational and sound conclusions and recommendations for the study. According to Creswell (1994), the descriptive method of research is to gather information about the present existing condition. Since this study is focused on the perception or evaluation of the consultancy firm's effective human resource management, the descriptive method is the most appropriate method to use. Two types of data were used: the...
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...patient care and are able to see the whole picture of the client’s situation. The population of people with chronic illness is increasing and the health care needs of clients is trending in an upward fashion (Jadelhack, 2012). As members of the health care field, it is critical that nurses take a proactive approach in preventing the increasing trend of chronic, complex illnesses by promoting health for our patients, family, and the community. There are three levels of health promotion that nurses can focus on including primary, secondary, and tertiary which will improve the health care system and the health of our society (Godwin, 2010). Implementing health promotion process gives people the opportunity to take control over actions and gives them the tools to improve lifestyle behaviors in order to optimize health (Jadelhack, 2012). The framework for health promotion is comprised of theories that include behavior, social sciences, and evidence based research (Edelman, Kudzma, & Mandle, 2014). Health promotion includes proactive participation at all levels of society and requires a multi-faceted approach by health care team members (Edelman, Kudzma, & Mandle, 2014). By providing effective health promotion, the overall health of society is improved and costs related to chronic illness are reduced (Jadelhack, 2012). Nurses must promote health through education, develop strategies to improve socio-environmental factors by participating in healthcare policy development and networking...
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...MARK205 Introductory Marketing Research Week 3 Today Week 3 1. Secondary & Data Secondary & Standardized Data 2. Standardized Marketing Data plus 3. Discussion of Assessment 1 Discussion of Assessments 1 & 2 4. Discussion of Assessment 2 Chapter 4 of Aaker et al. (2007) Assessment 2 Marking Guide & Rubric The Research Process Learning Objectives • Outline the nature & various sources of secondary data • Discuss the uses & evaluation of secondary data • Spotlight on searching for journal articles Links in with Assessment 2 • Explain & discuss the nature & requirements of Assessments 1 & 2 1. Secondary Data Internal Sources Secondary Data Source • Data gathered for a study or purpose other than the immediate study at hand Prior Company Research Company & Sales Reports Internal Secondary Data • Collected / compiled by the individual organisation External Secondary Data What You Could Get Accounts & Shipping Records Business Plans • Collected / compiled by an outside party Customer Feedback Dr Julie Francis Autumn 2015 1 MARK205 Introductory Marketing Research Week 3 1. Secondary Data External Sources Source Applications What You Could Get Secondary Research Task Support Primary Research • Secondary Research Task Innovations, trends, market reports General Media e.g., TV, magazines Information about competitors, markets, & consumers Academia e.g. journal...
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...Research, Statistics, and Psychology Research and statistics employ such meaningful roles in psychology whereas without both psychology may not exist. In psychology the importance of research is to help understand human beings and behaviors, but without research questions concerning human beings and behavior would go unanswered. Thoughts and theories concerning human beings and behaviors would go unanswered as well. Using and relying on the scientific method, psychology uses the research and statistics gathered to prove or disprove thoughts and theories. The importance of statistics in psychology is that they help in determining if research findings are not substantive or substantive. Not only do research and statistics play a part in psychology, the roles of the scientific method, primary data, and secondary data contribute as well. Research and the Scientific Method Research is the collection and evaluation of information or data about a particular subject (Nordquist, 2013). Psychology research is about values, variables, and scores. Values are categories or numbers, variables are characteristics or conditions that can have different values, and scores are a particular individual’s value on a variable (Aron, Aron, & Coups, 2009). Psychological processes confirmed by research to occur outside one’s awareness with several associations between behaviors, and feelings, or situations guiding one’s behavior, either unconsciously or implicitly (Kowalski & Westen, 2011). There...
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...Kennedy to keep value on his property. In order to complete the report, research and preparations are indispensable. To begin with, I would read through the case and analyze Duncan’s current situation as well as their demand, concerns and requirement. Then I will be able to prepare a plan and gather information through internet, mailshots, visit to provider, and comparison with other products or services. After evaluating the validity of all information, I am going to advice Duncan and Elaine with the most suitable plan. 1.1 Planning Stage and Schedule When I make a plan for this project, I will first read this case carefully to get enough and important information to ensure the completion of an investigation of this project. Then viewing the information provided by Duncan and Elaine. so I can understand of their current situation and requirement. After that I will use different methods to get information that I need. The methods are internet, mailshots, and provider. I would compare it with other products and services. And I will find suitable products or service that can provides the best income and interest. These products should also pay less tax, or free tax. these products risk should still be in their range. Finally, I should check the plan meets their requirements. I will find out mostly about their income, deposit, house, working condition, age, and health condition. I will make an evaluation on their situation. Stage | Timescales | Tasks | Planning stage | Week1-Week2...
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...Differences Between Primary Data vs Secondary Data -Submitted by Arvind Kartik SOURCES OF PRIMARY DATA Regardless of any difficulty one can face in collecting primary data; it is the most authentic and reliable data source. Following are some of the sources of primary data. Experiments Experiments require an artificial or natural setting in which to perform logical study to collect data. Experiments are more suitable for medicine, psychological studies, nutrition and for other scientific studies. In experiments the experimenter has to keep control over the influence of any extraneous variable on the results. Survey Survey is most commonly used method in social sciences, management, marketing and psychology to some extent. Surveys can be conducted in different methods. Questionnaire: It is the most commonly used method in survey. Questionnaires are a list of questions either an open-ended or close -ended for which the respondent give answers. Questionnaire can be conducted via telephone, mail, live in a public area, or in an institute, through electronic mail or through fax and other methods. Interview : It is a face-to-face conversation with the respondent. It is slow, expensive, and they take people away from their regular jobs, but they allow in-depth questioning and follow-up questions. The interviewer can not only record the statements the interviewee speaks but he can observe the body language or non-verbal communication such as face-pulling, fidgeting...
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...indirectly benefits the political parties selflessly? OBJECTIVE * Projection of the reasons behind corporate funding to Political parties, * Payment of tax of the funds from the Corporate houses. * To evaluate the benefits mounted by those funds paid to parties. * Role of election commission on checks and limitations of the funds used by the political parties at the time of election. * To explore the vote purchasing or threaten to vote by the political workmen in villages and tribes. METHODOLOGY For this dissertation, the first part of the literature review, will consist of the evaluation of existing theories about the funding of political parties and the usage and limitations of the funds by the parties. This report will be based on secondary research and primary on certain matters. SECONDARY RESEARCH Under the secondary research, the evaluation of Election Commission guidelines...
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...(Irvine, 2007). After studying three selected articles regarding the primary, secondary and tertiary levels of health promotion, a similar theme referring to the role of the nurse to develop a more holistic understanding of health promotion in all stages of life and refreshing the concept of health promotion in order to advocate for the changing world’s environment, was apparent. Traditional health promotion preventions are defined by preventing disease, restoring health, and containing illness (Irvine, 2007). Today, health promotion is defined not just by focusing on health education, lifestyle and behavioral changes, but has undertaken a new paradigm, empowering clients by taking political and social action to promote health enhancing environments (Irvine, 2007). Nurse practice involves all stages of the lifespan in a variety of settings, ranging from the family home to communities (Whitehead, 2011). In these settings, nurse health promotion practice proposes developing personal skills, building healthy public policy, creating supportive environments, strengthening community action and reorienting health services (Roden & Jarvis, 2012). Nurse roles and responsibilities are evolving by integrating newer conceptualizations of health promotions such as engaging in empowerment, community development and socio-political action (Roden & Jarvis, 2012). Two of the journal articles were research articles pertaining to evaluating nursing health promotion implementation...
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