...04/28/2016 Steffen Fuller, PH. D. Neuropsychological and Personality Assessment. CASE 1#: * 33 years old female, Master’s degree-level education. * She and husband in process of divorcing; have 2 small children * Pt. report increased anxiety in recent month, manifesting in interrupted sleep, worry over possible custody battle with husband, and paranoid thoughts that husband is stalking her. * Pt. also reports that she has new boyfriend, is attracted to other men and feels guilty about this. * Husband reports that pt. is emotionally unstable and has threatened, at different times, both his and her own safety. Questions: 1. Does pt. have an anxiety disorder or is she merely reactive to situation stress? 2. Is there evidence in the test data of bipolar disorder? Depression? Generalized Anxiety Disorder? Acute Stress Disorder? Paranoia? 3. Comment on possible Axis II (personality disorder) features. 4. What recommendations would you make for this woman with respect to her marriage relationship, her parenting issues and needs/ directions for psychotherapy? What specific treatment options would you recommend regarding these areas of functioning and why? WAIS IV RESULTS: VERBAL COMPRENSATION: 115 PERCEPUAL REASONING: 124 WORKING MEMORY: 110 PROCESSING SPEED: 128 RORCHACH RESULTS: 1. A bug. That’s it. W F+ AD(ANIMAL DETAILS) 2. A dead bug. … be it’s bleeding. That’s it. W FMC (SPECIAL PHENOMENUS=BLOOD) 3. A praying...
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...Disorder Specific Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Interventions – WHM-M-030 Introduction The purpose of the paper is to discuss the current theory and empirical literature for using a transdiagnostic approach in cognitive behaviour therapy and it’s relevance in current practice. I will discuss the theory and evidence for using a transdiagnostic approach and highlight the main processes. A discussion on the strengths and limitations of the approach will conclude the first part of the paper. The second part will be a review of personal clinical work discussing the transdiagnostic process and its hypothesised effectiveness. To conclude the author will provide a personal reflection. There has been a long widely accepted claim for the effectiveness of CBT with prolific amount of evidence for it’s effectiveness for Depression, Anxiety and Mood disorders (Roth & Fongy, 1995) Models such as cognitive therapy for depression (Beck, Rush, Shaw, & Emery, 1979), panic disorder (Clark, 1986,), posttraumatic stress disorder (Clark & Ehlers, 2004); and obsessive-compulsive disorder (Salkovskis, 1989) have led to disorder-specific interventions for treating common mental health problems. The benefits of devising a model on specific disorders is the high degree of research and comparable data involved; from that the therapist will be highly trained in the use of the model to deliver the approach for each disorder (Salkovskis 2002). Disorder specific models are seen to be easily delivered...
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...Evidence-based answers from the Family Physicians Inquiries Network What is the most effective way to relieve symptoms of acute stress disorder? EVIDENCE-BASED ANSWER James M. Scott III, MD; Neil Nipper, MD Eglin Air Force Base Family Medicine Residency, Eglin AFB, Fla Rita Smith, MS, MEd Lackland Air Force Base Medical Library, Lackland AFB, Tex A cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) that emphasizes exposure-based treatment is the most effective intervention for adults with acute stress disorder (ASD) (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, meta-analysis of limited-quality randomized controlled trials [RCTs]). Exposure-based therapy reduces symptoms in adults with ASD more than CBT that focuses on cognitive restructuring; both therapies are better than no treatment at all (SOR: B, a limited-quality RCT). Avoid drug treatment within 4 weeks of appearance of symptoms, unless distress is too severe to be managed with psychological treatment alone (SOR: C, consensus guideline). Evidence summary ASD refers to a constellation of psychological symptoms that can occur within 4 weeks after a traumatic event.1 (For more on ASD, see http://www.psychologynet.org/dsm/stress. html.) Patients with symptoms that persist beyond 4 weeks or develop after 4 weeks are diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Approximately 12.5% of people who experience a traumatic event develop ASD, and 10% develop PTSD, although not all patients who develop PTSD have preceding ASD.2...
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...disturbance (or behavioral disorders) represent 8.1% of all students ages 6–21 served under IDEA, or .72% of the school population (U.S. Department of Education, 2002a). However, prevalence studies have suggested that the actual percentage may be much higher. Boys outnumber girls in this category by about 3.5 to 1 (Oswald, Best, Coutinho, & Nagle, 2003). Emotional disturbance refers to a number of different, but related, social-emotional disabilities. Individuals classified as emotionally disturbed meet several criteria established under IDEA, including the following: An inability to exhibit appropriate behavior under ordinary circumstances An inability to maintain relationships with peers or teachers An inappropriate affect such as depression or anxiety An inappropriate manifestation of physical symptoms or fears in response to school or personal difficulties These characteristics must be manifested over an extended time period and have a negative effect on school performance (U.S. Department of Education, 2002a). Individuals classified as emotionally disturbed represent a range of severity, and the disability itself may be temporary or permanent. Specific emotional disturbance areas include childhood schizophrenia; selective mutism (failure to speak in selected circumstances); seriously aggressive or acting-out behavior; conduct disorders; inappropriate affective disorders such as depression, social withdrawal, psychosomatic disorders, anxiety disorders, self-mutilating behaviors;...
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...OCD Over compulsive disorder is a neurobiological anxiety disorder which can become a potentially disabling illness. OCD is characterized by uncontrollable, unwanted thoughts and repetitive, ritualized behaviors that people are compelled to perform. People with OCD are able to recognize that their obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors are irrational, however they are unable to resist them and break free. Obsessions are involuntary, uncontrollable thoughts, images, or impulses that occur over and over again in your mind. These obsessive thoughts are often disturbing and distracting. Compulsions are behaviors or rituals that you feel driven to act out again and again usually performed in an attempt to make obsessions go away. However, the obsessions don’t exactly go away, carrying out these rituals only provides temporary relief and must be repeated when the obsession returns. Not everyone has an observable ritual, the logic behind a covert ritual is if they think about it enough the thought will eventually disappear. If a person stops performing these rituals it can cause a great deal of anxiety that only results in endless cycles of repetitive thoughts and behaviors. Although the cause of obsessive compulsive disorder is not fully understood, there are biological and environmental factors that can trigger it. Research has found a link between low levels of Serotonin and OCD and evidence shows that a serotonin imbalance may be passed on from parents to children so the tendency...
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...Introduction Although kleptomania, the irresistible impulse to steal objects not needed for personal use or for their monetary value, is currently classified in psychiatric nomenclature as an impulse control disorder, research suggests it is, rather, a variant of obsessive-compulsive disorder. The principle effects of the theft are repetitive, unwanted intrusions of thoughts, and an inability to avoid the compulsion to perform the theft, and the relief of tension following the act (Dannon, 2002). Comparison of both disorders, their comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders, and the treatment used to reduce and eliminate symptoms may have a baring on the “correct” classification. Kleptomania, listed in the DSM-IV as an impulse control disorder not elsewhere classified, is a psychiatric condition still poorly understood and subject of only a few systematic studies (Presta, Marazziti, Dell‘Osso, Pfanner, Pallanti, & Cassano, 2002). Kleptomania is characterized by the persistent impossibility to resist the drive to steal objects. Kleptomania should be distinguished from shoplifting, in which the action is usually well-planned and motivated by need or monetary gain. Often a kleptomaniac steals things he or she could have easily bought or things that are not expensive. The objects stolen are not stolen for their immediate utility or monetary value; on the contrary, the person will most likely discard them, give them away, or collect them. This behavior is usually associated with...
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...paper on Anxiety Disorder Jeffrey S. Fletcher, M.A. Kathleen B. Stinger Psychopathology and Counseling, Coun 656 4, May 2014 Author Note Jeffrey S. Fletcher, Student, Liberty University. Correspondence concerning this paper should be addressed to Jeffrey S. Fletcher, Jfletcher1@liberty.edu Abstract This research paper is designed to review articles and books of professional journals in anxiety disorders, definition of anxiety disorder, review of current and past treatments of anxiety disorders, the new section and changes to anxiety disorder in the DSM-5, new treatments for anxiety disorders and medications for anxiety disorders. This paper will show spiritual considerations for treating anxiety disorders and how religion can improve one’s condition. It will show how CBT treatment of anxiety disorders have not been very successful and how medication has its limitations in treatment of anxiety disorders. This paper will also show what this clinician has learned and will take forward into the daily practice of treating adolescents with anxiety disorders. Keywords: anxiety, anxiety disorders, DSM-5, treatment Introduction When we talk about anxiety we have to distinguish between healthy anxiety or normal anxiety and anxiety disorders. It is normal to have a certain amount of anxiety for instance when one is in danger it is normal to become anxious. To have an anxiety disorder your anxiety would have to interfere with your life in a negative way. Anxiety and fear...
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...Defiant Disorder and criminal behavior Name: Course: Instructor’s Name: Date: According to the DSM-5, Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) refers to a pattern of irritable/angry behavior, or malevolence that lasts for not less than six months. Often, these traits are exhibited during the course of interaction with more than one person who is not a sibling. To be diagnosed with ODD, a person must portray at least four symptoms from either of the following classifications: defiant/argumentative behavior, irritable/angry mood, or vindictiveness (Matthys et al., 2012). The symptoms listed in DSM-5 for a child to satisfy the diagnostic threshold for ODD include frequent arguing, loss of temper, anger or resentfulness, deliberate attempts to infuriate others, defiance from consensus-supported rules or the majority’s request, vengeance, the tendency to pass blame to others and touchy feelings. The precise causes of ODD remain unknown, but a blend of biological, genetic and environmental factors is believed to contribute significantly to the issue. Biological factors that can cause the disorder include injury to certain areas of the brain. Moreover, ODD has been associated with the atypical functioning of neurotransmitters, thus, messages are wrongly passed through the brain. It has also been perceived that majority of children with ODD tend to have immediate family members with various mental disorders such as anxiety disorders, mood disorders and/or personality disorders. Therefore...
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...are reach for traumatic experience same affected by adult. The psychological distress is the serious impact for them and almost of which directly involved in war found for Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) dispute for longer duration after war when they recall back the bad memories on their horrific moments on the war. Some of them been abducted and recruited as soldiers and some of girls forced to involved in non-combat role and being subjected to sexual violent. They are continuously exposed to atrocities which influence them to suffering with psychology disorder. Summary The conflict in northern Uganda is most tragic conflict with the death victims reach a numbers of 1000 per weeks. A children and adolescent is affected group which up to 60000 of them recruited as soldiers and some being sexual violent with almost of them suffer with post-traumatic stress symptom. Significantly, most of them effected due exposed to war due traumatic events witness such as violent death of a family member, witnessing a hard injury, tortured and killed increase the mental disorder. More badly, the repetition the traumatic events and direct threat seriously affected for their psychology distress. The other effect of trauma is depression that strongly associate with post-traumatic stress disorder, whereas 80% suffering...
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...trying to figure out the rest of your life. Most of us bounce back. But frequent, intense, and uncontrollable anxiety that interferes with your daily routines may be a sign of an anxiety disorder. Causes? Schoolwork, they all replied. Money. Relationships. The more they thought about what they had to do, the students said, the more paralyzed they became.Anxiety has now surpassed depression as the most common mental health diagnosis among college students, though depression, too, is on the rise. More than half of students visiting campus clinics cite anxiety as a health concern, according to a recent study of more than 100,000 students nationwide by the Center for Collegiate Mental Health at Penn State. Nearly one in six college students has been diagnosed with or treated for anxiety within the last 12 months, according to the annual national survey by the American College Health Association.The causes range widely, experts say, from mounting academic pressure at earlier ages to overprotective parents to compulsive engagement with social media. Anxiety has always played a role in the developmental drama of a student’s life, but now more students experience anxiety so intense and overwhelming that they are seeking professional counseling. As students finish a college year during which these cases continued to spike, the consensus among therapists is that treating anxiety has become an enormous challenge for campus mental health centers.Like many college clinics, the Center for Counseling...
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...Abstract Paraphilic disorders affect people from every race, sex, age, nationality, religion, social and economic status. These disorders can be prevalent in the life span of an individual or during particular stages of an individual’s life. The time of onset for any particular paraphilic disorder could indicate different etiologies and interventions. This paper will examine the various paraphilic disorders listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). The term paraphilia means any intense and persistent sexual interest other than sexual interest in genital stimulation or consensual sex among two adults. The different disorders will be examined along with...
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... b) Strength and stability c) Theory of lifespan development II) Introduction a) Evolution and biology b) Critical periods c) Behavioral study on graylag geese d) Creation of attachment III) Bowlby’s perspectives a) Biological preparation b) Ethological theory c) Adaptive value d) Physical, social as well as cultural e) Lasting relationships IV) Application of Bowlby’s ethological attachment a) Survival b) Increases in cortisol levels and heart rates c) Psychotherapy d) Anxiety and avoidance with depression e) Development of a new attachment with a therapist f) Outcomes of a therapy process g) Diagnosis of the reactive attachment disorder V) Conclusion a) Begins at birth b) Develop attachments to primary caregivers c) Widespread acceptance d) Diagnosis of reactive attachment disorder VI) References Abstract Bowlby’s ethological attachment theory bases its argument on the premise that human individuals, just like animals have a tendency to have a natural inclination to establish and maintain lasting affectionate bonds (attachments) to the familiar and irreplaceable others. Bowlby further asserts that once the attachments are established, the strength, and stability of the links is related the emotional stability and well-being of the individual throughout life. Bowlby proposes that the attachment initially form during infancy and often involve one primary attachment figure (mostly...
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...Mental illness alludes to an extensive variety of emotional health conditions; which include issues that influence one’s mind-set, philosophy and conduct. There are several examples of mental illness which incorporate depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, eating disorders and addictive behaviors. Numerous individuals have emotional health anxieties from time to time. Be that as it may, a psychological health concern turns into an emotional instability when continuous signs and symptoms cause recurrent stress and influence your capability to function. An emotional sickness can make one feel hopeless; in which would bring about issues in one’s daily life, for example, at school, work or in relationships. As a rule, symptoms can be managed...
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...of psychiatric disorders and in the normal population, but are most commonly found in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Hoarding creates a lot of problems; both for the hoarder and those around them. One is just navigating through a congested obstacle course of stuff in a house becomes difficult. To get something requires searching through stacks of stuff. To put something away requires a nuisance of movement of all the stuff in the cramped area, as well as thinking and decisions on how to do it. Another problem is that there are no areas to do any real work such as counters, tables or workbenches. All this consumes a huge amount of time and energy of the people who live in such conditions. According to demographics, psychiatrists estimate between 2% and 5% of the adult population in the United States and Canada are compulsive hoarders. In North America alone, there are about 4000 cases of animal hoarding involving up to 250,000 reported animals. (Frey, 760) Researchers only began to study hoarding in the 1980s so it is possible that the actual rate of hoarding is higher than reported. This disorder is more common among older adults though it can typically begin in late childhood or adolescence and will become worse as the person grows older. There is no evidence that ethnicity or race is a factor in compulsive hoarding. Men are more likely than women to become hoarders but women typically begin hoarding at an earlier age. Hoarding disorder, included in the...
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...Therapy for Anxiety Disorders in Children Elizabeth A. Gosch, PhD, ABPP Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine Philadelphia, PA Ellen Flannery-Schroeder, PhD, ABPP University of Rhode Island, Kingston Christian F. Mauro, PhD Scott N. Compton, PhD Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC This article elucidates the theoretical underpinnings of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) as applied to the treatment of anxiety disorders in children, focusing on social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, and separation anxiety disorder. It reviews behavioral and cognitive theories that have influenced this approach. We argue that it is necessary to understand the essential components of this approach in the context of these theories in order to provide effective, clinically sensitive, and child-focused treatment. Components discussed include assessment, psychoeducation, affective education, self-instruction training, cognitive restructuring, problem solving, relaxation training, modeling, contingency management, and exposure procedures. Hypothesized key processes, such as the need to be experiential in treatment, are presented for consideration. Keywords: anxiety; children; cognitive behavior therapy; theory A nxiety disorders are among the most common mental health disorders in youth with / \ prevalence rates ranging from 12% to 20% (Achenbrach, Howell, McConaughy, & Stan. Z r \ . g e r , 1995; Velting, Setzer, & Albano, 2004). Left untreated, these disorders tend to have...
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