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Evidence Based Nutrition Principles

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Evidence Based Nutrition Principles
For Diabetes Mellitus Management

Evidence Based Nutrition for Diabetes Mellitus Management Dietary management in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) and those at risk for DM requires greater attention especially given current trends that suggest 1 in 3 people will have diabetes by 2050 (Benson et. Al., 2011). Type 2 diabetes accounts for about 90-95% of diagnosed cases, and the underlying metabolic problem that insinuates this disease is obesity (Vojta, De Sa, & Prospect, 2012). Obesity is accountable for the increase in insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 DM across all ages (Reisin, 2010). If left untreated and unmanaged, DM can potentiate nerve and blood vessel damage with eventual blindness, kidney damage, limb amputations, and cardiovascular complications leading to stroke and heart attack (2012). Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) can assist people to combat obesity, the major catalyst of this disease, in order to prevent diabetes, manage existing diabetes, and slow the onset of diabetes-related complications (Morris & Wylie, 2010). Since a major component of MNT is dietary management, extensive research has been conducted on what dietary guidelines assist in preventing the onset of DM 2 and in controlling existing DM 1 and 2. Before the discovery of insulin in 1922, low-carbohydrate diets were used as a sole means of controlling DM (Spritzler, 2012). Today, this method of control is still implemented; however, combining the advantages of a low-carbohydrate diet, Mediterranean diet, and moderate exercise has shown significant improvements in the management of DM (Benson, Periera, & Boucher, 2011). For optimal DM management, emphasis is placed on keeping the ABC’s in line: A1C
(<7%), blood pressure (<130/80), and cholesterol (LDL <100 mg/dl, or <70 for those diagnosed with

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