...Nursing Practice Student name Institution Pathopharmacological Foundations for Advanced Nursing Practice A. Investigated Disease Process: The paper investigates the processes of Alzheimer’s and pharmacological implication. A1. Pathophysiology: The theory based on monoamine-deficiency determines that the recognizable pathophysiological source of Alzheimer’s Disease is the occurrence of dementia and dementia like symptoms (Unützer, & Park, 2012). Donepezil is applicable in the pathophysiology and is commendable by the therapeutic efficacy of its control. There are various conventional discussions based on the categorization and basis of dementia. The concept made by Emil Kraepelin'sdetermines that is a formulation of a Sigmund and disease. On the other hand, Freud perceives Alzheimer’s disease is an expression of internalized loss and weakness (Unützer, & Park, 2012). Alzheimer’s disease may not be categorized as a homogeneous disease, but it is a sophisticated phenomenon that has various subtypes and at least one etiology. It also has various predispositions in symptomatology that range from mild to severe symptoms. A2. Standard of Practice: The American Psychiatric Association presents the best practices to be followed while addressing Alzheimer’s disease disorder. The practices aim to assist healthcare providers in making informed decisions by providing systematic strategies. Most Alzheimer’s disease...
Words: 1284 - Pages: 6
...A BUSINESS PLAN DESCRIBING EVIDENCE BASED INTERVENTION TO IMPROVE THE OUTCOME IN THE LATE STAGE OF ALZHEIMER DISEASE Name: Institution: A business plan describing evidence-based intervention to improve outcome in the late stage of Alzheimer disease Executive summary According to the “British Medical Journal (BMJ)” on the subject “Care plans for individuals with Alzheimer disease: Intuitively a good idea but hard to prove they are effective in practice.” It is seen that teaching based intervention for Alzheimer care are suggested by large professional organizations although it is not evident on who should undertake these models to the patients. Care plans replicas along with the guidelines usually do have the stated objectives of delaying an illness development and functional beg off (Schneider, 2016). Alzheimer is illustrated by momentous impairments in several cognitive areas, functioning as well as the behavioral burden. Premature revealing, as well as management, can avert overuse of expensive healthcare resources and permit the affected people and caregivers the time to prepare for the prospect financial, medical along with the emotional confronts. This planning proposal offers the right measures concerning the evidence-based intervention to improve outcome in the late stage of Alzheimer disease. Among the cited evidence-based intervention that the business proposes to employ in combating...
Words: 2450 - Pages: 10
...Disorders Assignment 03- 719207 Critically discuss the various factors that need to be considered when diagnosing a patient with Neurocognitive Disorder. Your discussion should include but not be limited to the two most prominent Neurocognitive Disorders namely Vascular Dementia and Alzheimer’s Dementia, the various domains that can be affected as well as the cross- cultural factors to take into consideration 1 2 Contents Introduction: Neurocognitive Disorders (NCD)/ Dementia 4-5 Mild and Major NCD criteria 5-6 Diagnosing a patient with Vascular Dementia 7-8 Diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer’s Dementia 8-9 Delirium (acute confusional state/ acute brain syndrome) Cross- cultural and contextual perspectives of health 9-11 11-14 - India - Egypt - Islam References 15-16 3 Introduction: Neurocognitive Disorders/ Dementia Neurocognitive disorders (NCD) are a group of disorders in the DSM-5 classification system. These disorders involve the impairment of an individual’s cognitive abilities that involve tasks such as, memory, judgement, problem solving and perception (Burke. A, 2014). Only disorders that show evidence of cognitive deficiencies are classified as NCDs. To name a few, these cognitive deficiencies can be a result of; Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), HIV/AIDS or substance abuse (Burke. A, 2014). The DSM-5 classifies Neurocognitive disorders into three categories, namely, Delirium and Major or...
Words: 2826 - Pages: 12
...Dementia Supporting people with dementia and their carers in health and social care Issued: November 2006 NICE clinical guideline 42 guidance.nice.org.uk/cg42 NICE has accredited the process used by the Centre for Clinical Practice at NICE to produce guidelines. Accreditation is valid for 5 years from September 2009 and applies to guidelines produced since April 2007 using the processes described in NICE's 'The guidelines manual' (2007, updated 2009). More information on accreditation can be viewed at www.nice.org.uk/accreditation © NICE 2006 Dementia NICE clinical guideline 42 Contents Introduction................................................................................................................................... 4 Person-centred care ..................................................................................................................... 6 Key priorities for implementation .................................................................................................. 8 1 Guidance ................................................................................................................................... 11 1.1 Principles of care for people with dementia ...................................................................................... 11 1.2 Integrated health and social care ..................................................................................................... 17 1.3 Risk factors, prevention and early identification...
Words: 14252 - Pages: 58
...therapeutic protocols to achieve certain objectives (Bruscia, 2000). Many people obtain some kind of healing whenever they have emotional, cognitive, or social issues through music. People living with disabilities or certain illnesses have often found music to offer a soothing environment that facilitates the healing process. Music uses creative, emotional and a non-verbal language to enable users to gain self-awareness and self-expression. In many cases, people have found music to be more powerful than plain words, as it offers a unique channel of communication and expression. Essentially, people suffering from autism and Alzheimer’s disease, and those having developmental disabilities can always become beneficiaries of music therapy. This paper will give a brief history of music therapy, and its role as an alternative treatment for autism and Alzheimer’s disease. Thereafter, the paper will give a brief discussion on the politic of making music therapy a real treatment. History of music therapy Music therapy traces its history back in the times of Aristotle and Plato. These writers wrote great articles describing the effect of music on health and personal behavior (Aldridge, 1993). However, music therapy was first recognized after the First and Second World War. Some musicians felt that the only way to show gratitude to the war veterans was to visit them in the hospitals and soothe them with nice...
Words: 2174 - Pages: 9
...known as behavioral neuroscience, is defined as the application of the principles of biology to the study of physiological, genetic, and developmental mechanisms of behavior in human and non-human animals. It usually looks in at the level of nerves, neurotransmitters, brain circuitry, and the basic biological processes that run hand in hand with the body's normal and abnormal instincts. Most of the time, experiments in this field of work involve non-human animal models such as rats, mice, and primates which contributes to evidence-based practice, which i suppose is somewhat rare in the general title of psychology. Biological psychology also has a strong history of contributing to the understanding of medical disorders including those that fall under the category of clinical psychology, and abnormal psychology. This certain field has contributed important therapeutic data on a variety of conditions such as parkinson's disease, huntington's disease, alzheimer's disease, clinical depression, schizophrenia, autism, and anxiety. CAREER INFORMATION: Studies in genetics, depth psychology, sociology, or environmental science may all contribute to a fundamental preparation of the field. Those hoping to enter the career should begin training at the undergraduate level, pursuing an associates or bachelors degree in any number of related fields, including biology, chemistry, physics, psychology, or pre med. Graduates of these programs may find entry-level employment with research facilities...
Words: 330 - Pages: 2
...contribute to the disorder. Discuss the usual age of disease onset and if the sex-specific threshold model fits the disorder. What education could you present to high-risk patients to reduce the risk of disease onset if a multifactorial component exists? Question 2= Genetic screening has become widely available to the public including prenatal screening of the fetus in utero to screening adults for genetic disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and breast cancer. Share your thoughts on the legal, ethical, and social implications that may be related to genetic screening. How would you educate your patient that is considering having genetic screening? Week 2: Question 1= Choose an FDA-approved prescription medication and discuss the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the medication, including any differences that would be expected based on the patient's age, a condition of pregnancy, or lactation. Address any adverse effects the medication may have based on age, pregnancy, or lactation. Question 2= Active acquired immunity can be achieved through the use of childhood immunizations. Many parents voice concerns regarding the safety of vaccinations. What is your opinion on the current use of vaccinations? How would you educate parents regarding the safety and effectiveness of vaccinations? Defend your answers with evidence-based research. Week 3: Question 1= Share a case study of an electrolyte imbalance from your practice or from the...
Words: 2242 - Pages: 9
...Team A BCOM/275 October 9, 2011 UoP Instructor Should medical marijuana be legalized nationwide? The use of marijuana for the treatment of patients with serious health conditions is currently one of the top contentious debate topics in the United States. Until its prohibition in 1937, marijuana was one the top three most prescribed medicines in the United States. To date, 13 states have statutory laws legalizing medical marijuana; however, it is not legal at the federal level. Several pros and cons exist to support whether medical marijuana should be or not be legalized nationwide. The primary arguments in debating the pros and cons of legalizing medical marijuana nationwide focus primarily on medical benefits, disease prevention, medical risk, substance abuse, and legal issues. Many scientific professionals and patients claim medical marijuana provides some sort of medical benefits. Although it has been a contentious battle between the states and federal governments to legalize or not medical marijuana nationwide, there are three important points to take under consideration; first, marijuana is a potent analgesic in patients with chronic pain. Second, it is a strong anti-emetic for patients receiving cancer chemotherapy treatment. Third and most important, medical marijuana should be legal, so patients do not have to break the law to receive treatment. Across the nation state organizations strictly supervise medical marijuana to ensure it is...
Words: 2050 - Pages: 9
...the quality of life. Cloning could be the answer to the end of your pain and suffering, but before you can understand it’s benefits, you have to know the process therapeutic cloning itself. Therapeutic cloning is a procedure in which cells, typically skin cells, are taken from a patient and inserted into a fertilized egg whose nucleus has been removed. Scientists then extract stem cells from the egg, and use those cells to grow tissue that are a perfect genetic match to the patient. It is a break-through in science and the key to curing many diseases including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Elizabeth Foley explains why human cloning should not be banned due to, “the primary objections to human cloning appear to be unfounded, based more on morality, theology, and fear than objective data.” The potential medical benefits of genetic engineering are far too great to let moral concerns about embryonic cell use get in the way of curing diseases. Human therapeutic cloning should not be banned from society because countless lives can be saved through transplantations and genetic research. Therapeutic cloning is the cloning of human tissues for research and transplant, and shows much promise in organ transplantation. Much needed organs grown from stem cells from the patient’s own genetic material could help solve the severe shortage issue, as well as solving Karren 2 the problem of compatibility and rejection. By using a patients own stem cells, the body would...
Words: 806 - Pages: 4
...Abstract This paper is written to discuss the ethical dilemma we come across when asking our self whether or not we should place a tube feeding in a patient with a history Alzheimer’s or Dementia. Will this prolong the patients’ life or just the inevitable death? Most often a decision needs to be made regarding the placement of a tube feeding. The question is not initiated by the patient themselves. This is the reason why educating our patients are so important. In this paper I will discuss how important the role of the healthcare professional plays in advocating for a patient. To help answer this ethical dilemma several issues will be explored. I will focus on the seven principles of ethics, education, utilitarianism, top-down theory alternate treatment options. Will Tube Feedings Prolong Life? While working with the majority of geriatric population, we frequently come across patients with Dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The most common problem in these patients is the inability to swallow as well as the patients are failure to thrive. Many healthcare workers and family members become upset when the patient does not have proper nutritional intake. As human beings it is our nature to take care of our loved ones when they are ill, this is our ways of showing love and affection tore’s each other. We often question the situation regarding the need for artificial feeding. Care givers have misconceptions if we provide artificial nutrition it will help prolong...
Words: 2291 - Pages: 10
...author is going to use evidence based research to critically discuss the care of two couples who have lived together for a long time, because of the cruelty of Alzheimer’s disease they have been separated. For the purpose of confidentiality pseudonyms will be used in this assignment (National Midwifery Council, 2002). Jim Blake’s care will be discussed first followed by the care of his wife. An overview of Dementia will be explored first followed by Jim’s care. Analysis of risk assessment and management will be incorporated in the delivery of Jim and Mrs Blake’s care. Different psychosocial interventions will be applied in the care of the two couples. Throughout the assignment government directives will be used in support of these interventions. Lastly implications for clinical practice will be analysed prior to conclusion. Cantley (2001), Bates et al (2004) defines dementia as a deterioration in intellectual performance from a previous level accompanied by a significant decline in personal and social function. Dementia usually starts with relatively slight impairment but can progress to a point where all skills of communication and self care are lost (Whaley & Breitner, 2002). According to Wilbourn & Prosser (2003), Cantley (2001) dementia is caused by the cortical atrophy, enlarged ventricles and softening of brain tissues. There are different types of dementia which are vascular disease, lewy bodies, Krentzfedlt-Jacob disease and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is most common...
Words: 4046 - Pages: 17
...http://www.alz.org/alzheimers_disease_what_is_alzheimers.asp ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE * Alzheimer's is the most common form of dementia, a general term for memory loss and other intellectual abilities serious enough to interfere with daily life. Alzheimer's disease accounts for 60 to 80 percent of dementia cases. Bottom of Form * Alzheimer's is not a normal part of aging, although the greatest known risk factor is increasing age, and the majority of people with Alzheimer's are 65 and older. But Alzheimer's is not just a disease of old age. Up to 5 percent of people with the disease have early onset Alzheimer's (also known as younger-onset), which often appears when someone is in their 40s or 50s. * Alzheimer's worsens over time. Alzheimer's is a progressive disease, where dementia symptoms gradually worsen over a number of years. In its early stages, memory loss is mild, but with late-stage Alzheimer's, individuals lose the ability to carry on a conversation and respond to their environment. Alzheimer's is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States. Those with Alzheimer's live an average of eight years after their symptoms become noticeable to others, but survival can range from four to 20 years, depending on age and other health conditions. * Alzheimer's has no current cure, but treatments for symptoms are available and research continues. Although current Alzheimer's treatments cannot stop Alzheimer's from progressing, they can temporarily slow the worsening...
Words: 6877 - Pages: 28
...III Parkinson disease, hypertension, and urinary incontinence (UI). She is receiving carbidopa/levodopa, pramipexole, selegiline, tolterodine, diazepam, metoprolol, and hydrochlorothiazide. When she comes to your pharmacy to get her prescriptions, she walks slowly with a cane, and she is stooped over. 1. Identify age-related pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes in older people. 2. Evaluate the pharmacotherapy regimens of older people to support the maintenance of optimal physical and mental function. 3. Identify inappropriate medication prescribing in older people. 4. Recommend appropriate pharmacotherapy for patients with dementia. 5. Evaluate the risks and benefits of the use of antipsychotics (APs) (including atypical APs) in older patients with dementia. 6. Recommend appropriate interventions for patients suffering from behavioral symptoms related to dementia. 7. Identify the types of urinary incontinence and recommend appropriate treatments. 8. Given a patient’s American Urology Association Symptom Index for benign prostatic hyperplasia, recommend appropriate therapy. 9. Recommend appropriate analgesic therapy for older patients with osteoarthritis. 10. Discuss risks and benefits of medication classes used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. 2. Which of the following is the single most important intervention you can make to reduce her risk of falls? A. Suggest to J.T. that her neurologist reassess her Parkinson disease...
Words: 14090 - Pages: 57
...the care of older people and quality nursing care can make a substantial difference to physical and emotional well-being (Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) 2008). 'Dignity' as defined by the Social Care Institute for Excellence (SCIE) (2009) is ‘A state, quality or manner worthy of esteem or respect; and (by extension) self-respect’. Adopting dignity in practice should generate an environment that supports and promotes self-respect, allowing it to flourish by the maintenance of autonomy and informed choice, NMC (2008). The 2006 Commission for Social Care Inspection (CSCI) publication ‘Living well in later life’ highlighted the lack of dignity and respect for older people in acute hospitals as a major area of concern citing that 45% of NHS resources are spent on older people and this accounts for the greatest use of acute hospital services This discussion will identify the specific needs of the older person from a bio-psychosocial perspective incorporating complicit ethical issues. The role of the nurse in the provision of quality and comprehensive care delivery will of course be examined, integrating theory and practice and exploring the implications for inter-professional working. This personal reflection will develop personal knowledge and self-awareness, which is an essential prerequisite to maintaining patient (Marks-Maran and Rose 1997). Theory from previous modules on the pre-registration nurse-educators programme will be integrated with particular emphasis on the holistic...
Words: 5778 - Pages: 24
...has historically been carried out in search for humours, worms, miasmas and divine spells to explain what caused illness and death. However, as ‘scientific’ thinking advanced, there was a desire to understand disease based on the empirical evidence obtained from post-mortem examinations.1 This gave birth to one of the most important gold standards of diagnosis, a great tool for medical audit and probably the best teaching method of medicine – the autopsy. The words ‘autopsy’, ‘necropsy’ and ‘post-mortem examination’ are synonymous with each other and refer to the investigation of the human body involving an external examination followed by the dissections of the head, thorax and the abdomen. The word autopsy literally means ‘to see for oneself’. Autopsy rates in the United Kingdom (UK) currently stand at 21.9%, out of which only 0.4% are not requested by a coroner and the most common request for an autopsy occurs in cases of unexpected deaths where the cause is not apparent. Autopsies are also carried out for determination of manner of death, evaluation of ante-mortem and post-mortem diagnosis, epidemiological purposes, survey outbreaks, medical audit, research, teaching, forensic purposes and to enlighten/reassure families or inform then of hereditary diseases. Despite the well-recognised importance of autopsies in twenty-first century medicine, there has been a huge decline in autopsy rates across the world, causing concern amongst the medical community. Factors...
Words: 3336 - Pages: 14
