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Evolution of Public Administration

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EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION DATE | SIGNIFICANT EVENTS | PRECURSOR | 1491 B.C. | During the exodus from Egypt Moses followed the recommendation of Jethro, his father-in-law, that he delegate authority over the tribes of Israel along hierarchical lines. | Moses | 400 B.C. | Recognized management as a separate art; promoted principles of specialization. | Plato | 325 B.C | Applied the principle of line and staff to help conquer most of the known world. | Alexander the Great | 284 A.D. | First Roman emperor to rule through genuine delegation of authority and chain of command. He divided the empire into 101 provinces, grouped into 13 dioceses; the dioceses, in turn, were organized into four major geographic divisions. | Diocletian | 1494 | Invented double-entry bookkeeping. | Pacioli | 1525 | Recognized the need for consent and cohesiveness in an effective organization and tried to identify leadership traits. | Machiavelli | 1776 | Began his great economic work, Wealth of Nations, by discussing the principle of specialization. | | 1789 | Began what evolved into veterans preference by selecting many of those who had served in the Revolutionary War to fill civil service positions in the new government. | | 1801 | Began the spoils system in U.S. Government employment. | | 1810 | Recognized need for training workers and other personnel practices. | | 1829 | Extended the spoils system in U.S. Government employment. | | 1850 | Explained concepts such as span of control, unity of command, and wage incentives. | | 1856 | On October 5, 1841 two American passenger trains collided head-on, making it clear that one boss could not watch everything. A well-defined organizational structure was needed, and McCallum developed the organization chart to show that structure. | | 1883 | Curbed the spoils system and established the U.S. Civil

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