...Natasha Warburton Homicide Week 7 Bloodstain pattern analysis is defined as the examination of shapes, locations and distribution patterns of bloodstains, this source has been a helpful resource to the law enforcement with solving there case and recognizing what type of criminal act was committed. Bloodstain patterns can help investigators understand the actions and motions of the victim and the suspect throughout the crime scene. The patterns may indicate that a crime first thought of as a suicide was in fact a homicide. The analysis of bloodstain patterns is a complicated discipline and requires much experience with many different situations to learn to do an accurate reading. The bloodstain pattern analysis plays a very important role in the reconstruction of many crime scenes. The various types of bloodstains account for how the blood was projected from the body. Blood may be dripped out of the body, sprayed from an artery, oozed out through a large wound or flung off a weapon that has struck another person. Through bloodstain pattern analysis, analysts can determine, among other things, the type of injuries received, the order in which the injuries were received, whose blood is present at the scene, and more. As I read throughout the chapter I notice that bloodstain pattern analysis can form a very interesting story that keeps the media itself entertained. The reason I said this is that, it turns out that the location where the blood lands, and the shape of the...
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...rights. Introduction Sexual harassment against women in the workplace is becoming more of a problem for everyone than just employers alone. Women are at a disadvantage at times on account of their femininity. Men take advantage of it and apply pressure on them to have an affair with them. They trouble them in many ways; make verbal and physical gestures inviting them to compromise with them. Lawsuits filed by women, negative publicity in the media, decline in productivity occur as business establishments fail to take pro-active measures to eradicate sexual harassment in their places of work. This research essay will focus on the history, definition, negative effect on both the victim and offender, and preventative measures to take in the event of sexual harassment, and an analysis. Sexual harassment in the workplace is a problem being addressed in many societies today and feminists have raised concern regarding this burning issue (Eamitabh, 2010). With this, women are standing firm on this issue so as to see an end to it and to also see offenders bearing the full weight of the law. History of Sexual Harassment Sexual harassment is one form of sexual discrimination prohibited under federal law. The 1964 Act does not specifically mention sexual harassment but did make it...
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...Abstract: The Alien Tort Statute and the Torture Victim Protection Act both deal with individuals who infringe on the rights of others by torture or extrajudicial killing. These statutes have been explained to juries who have to argue their differences while others have explained both statutes are similar hence they should be used simultaneously. The idea of using both statutes simultaneously gets its origins from the House of Representatives and the Senate. The legislative branch has never explained the relationship between the Alien Tort Statute and the Torture Victim Protection Act. The only guidance in attempting to understand the two statutes and any possible relationship with one another is the Torture Victim Protection Act was codified...
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...Reducing Crime Despite the enormous volume of criminological writing and debate which has taken place throughout the nineteenth and twentieth century, the resulting theories which have emerged have tended to each focus too heavily on one particular aspect of crime and its control and as such, have proved to be incomplete approaches to our understanding of crime and its reduction; the focus of these being on the victim or on the offender, on the social reaction to crime or on the criminal behaviour itself [Young, 1995, p 102], but never sufficiently all inclusive. As a result, the criminal justice system, in reliance on this partial criminology, has introduced penal measures which have proved completely ineffective in reducing crime. I shall demonstrate my argument with a discussion of post World War II criminology and penology, and provide practical examples of how partial criminology has lead to a failure in crime reduction [by 'partial criminology', I refer to criminological theories which have focussed and relied too heavily on one particular aspect of crime and have as a result, failed to help its reduction]. I shall then conclude this essay by discussing some of the more recent criminological approaches which have emerged in the latter decades of the twentieth century, and discuss how these writings and debate might have paved the way for a brighter future in terms of effective crime control. From the latter part of the 1950's to the early 70's, the study of deviance...
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...the fundamentals are identified witness, offenders, connecting evidence from the scene. A method of inquiry must be based on the assembly of the obvious, experimental, and measureable evidence subject to specific value of reasoning. It is part of the technical method, and they are used as part of a criminal investigation to achieve a number of goals, but biggest of which is usually determine the criminal. The scientific method is a systematic approach of observation, theory testing, and hypothesis evaluation that forms the basis for modern science. The method of analysis, at the most basic level, includes interviews and interrogations, and a on a crime scene specific levels also includes canvassing. Who gives the investigators information on what they could have seen what possibly could have happened at the scene. Interviews are non-protective, and are the common way to gather information from crime victims and witnesses, or even from stoolpigeons who might passes further information to help shed light upon the facts on the open case. Cross-examinations on the other hand, are custodial, meaning they are conducted on people who have been arrested as suspects who may have perpetrated a crime. When investigator is seeking a testimony, if not an admission of guilt or a statement of innocence. While conferences and examinations are two different methods of gathering information, each with its own sole purpose, can be easily shifted one to another. When...
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...to discuss the Victim of Violent Crimes Program also referred to as Victim Witness Assistance Program. The office of the District Attorney is dedicated to assisting crime victims and forcefully defending individual's civil liberties. Since 1977, VWAP has been giving essential services to victims and witnesses of crimes of viciousness or threat of ferocity in the region (Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office, 2014). This program is mandated to relieve trauma and the continually demoralizing effects of crimes of viciousness on the lives of victims, bystanders and their relations. Representatives for this program work in courthouses and police stations throughout Los Angeles County providing a multitude of services to help victims become survivors. There are many sites within the jurisdiction of our county, victims of crime and their families are referred to offices in their area (Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office, 2014). Crime victims have statutory and constitutional rights. Any individual who undergoes direct or threatened physical, emotional or monetary harm as a direct outcome of a crime is commonly known as a victim. Family or next of kin is also considered a victim. Victims have rights they are to be treated with self-respect, be protected from the defendant, not have confidential information divulged , be informed of all proceedings and most of all be given restitution. Victims are protected under these rights by, Victims Bill of Rights...
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...service agency I chose to work with this block is the Peace Domestic Violence Agency, I am pulled towards this agency because I can see not only does this help abused spouses in a relationship but also children who are most often times the unseen victim. an agency such as this opens up the spectrum for so many that may need to be reached, and on many different levels from basic needs to counseling, from children's delicate needs to protection of a whole family when necessary. let's take these proven statistics as an example[ Every 9 seconds in the US a woman is assaulted or beaten, and Studies suggest that up to 10 million children witness some form of domestic violence annually.] ("domestic violence statistics," 2012) these statistics are very powerful, and eye opening. let's begin by establishing the mission of the peace domestic violence agency, which is [to reduce victim trauma, empower survivors, and promote recovery through direct services. Peace is committed to reducing the incidence of sexual assault and domestic violence through education and strives to challenge societal norms and beliefs that condone and perpetuate violence within the community.] (Hsm/270 appendix B). agencies of this type where there are many victims or peoples affected generally have other human services that may be available because no one...
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...Hate Crime Analysis According to "The United States Department of Justice" (2014), “Hate crime is the violence of intolerance and bigotry, intended to hurt and intimidate someone because of their race, ethnicity, national origin, religious, sexual orientation, or disability” (para. 3). This hate crime analysis will provide a brief description as to what specific factors serve as a basis for victimization. Specific case examples and restorative justice models will be assessed. Benefits and challenges of the use of restorative justice will be discussed, and contemporary research instruments to measure the victimization of gays and lesbians will be the focus. Lastly, the identification of the criminological theory that explains the victimization of the chosen group. Over the years, dominant groups, and communities with similar cultures and beliefs have asserted their prejudices on other groups believing differently. Many times these assertions or acts of power similarly resemble the power-control and gender-based theories. Groups that assert power or control over individuals by intimidation or violence can be known labeled as hate groups. The last few decades have brought about a voice for civil rights, a fight for women’s rights, and a surge of protests for gay and lesbian rights. These protests further fuel a loathing and hostility by these hate groups. Victimization Factors The victimization of gays, lesbians, and bisexuals are the focus of this analysis. Sexual orientation...
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...A GUIDE IN FORENSIC CHEMISTRY Forensic chemistry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the application of chemical knowledge, principles, and procedures to matters involving civil or criminal law and to all questions where control of chemical compounds, products, or processes is involved. Forensic Chemistry is an interdisciplinary field of Chemistry tasked to solve cases that can only be explained or resolved by applying analytical methods of investigation and instrumentation with chemistry as the main core of discussion. Forensic chemistry is a broad and diversified field of science. It includes all branches of chemistry and the application of its principles to solve crimes when it arise in the administration of justice. Significantly, Forensic chemistry is vital in crime detection when the components or chemical composition, structure of physical evidence/s collected from the scene of the crime are needed to support in the speedy solution of crime. Application of forensic chemistry is legally applied to the following: 1. Primarily, Forensic Chemistry deals in the recognition, identification, preservation, packaging & transportation of physical evidence collected at the crime scene. 2. In crime detection, it is applied in the identification of poisons, blood, semen, feces, urine, saliva, and other body fluids whether fresh or dried. It also include other stains of interests from ob-gynecological origin, mineral stains, fruits and/or vegetable stains. 3. It is...
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... I. Thesis Statement…………………………………………….………….....Page 4 II. Introduction and Summary………………………………….………….....Page 4 III. Literature Review………………………………………………………....Page 6 IV. Methods………………………………………………………….......….. Page 16 V. Socio-Historical Analysis………………………………………………. .Page 18 A. 20th Century 1. Lynching 2. Ku Klux Klan 3. Rodney King and the Los Angeles Riots 4. Matthew Shepard B. 21st Century 1. Post 9/11 2. Jena Six VI. Cause and Effect Analysis…………………………………………… ....Page 24 A. Causes 1. Prejudice a. Stereotypes b. Scapegoats c. Presence of Hate in American Culture d. Need for Status and Power 2. Reasons for Crime a. Sending a Message b. Thrill Seeking c. Defensive B. Effects 1. Psychological Trauma 2. Undo Social Progress 3. Community Unrest 4. Threat of Retaliation VII. Descriptive Analysis……………………………………………….........Page 30 A. Description of Victims 1. Bias against a Particular Race 2. Bias against a Particular Religion 3. Bias against a Particular Sexual Orientation 4. Bias against a Particular Ethnicity/National Origin 5. Bias against a Disability B. Description of Offenses and Offenders This must be your new section? VIII. Comparative Analysis…………………………………………………. Page 36 A. United States Justice Department Definition of Hate Crime B. International Justice Systems Definition of Hate Crime IX. Expectations for the Future……………………………………………. .Page 38 X. Recommendations of Social Policy……………………………………...
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...paint layers? What is the best way to examine paint chips and how are they evaluated? How is soil collected and preserved at a crime scene. What standard/reference samples need to be collected? How is soil examined? What does the scientist look for? Trace evidence is anything left behind at a scene of a crime that can potentially link a suspect and a victim to a mutual location. Examples of trace evidence are hair, fibers, gunshot residue, soil and pollen. Any of these items can be transferred between two or more people, objects or environment with little contact, so during a crime its easily done (Trace, 2012). Analysis of trace material begins with a visual examination of the evidence while Macrophotography is taken to ensure approximate pictures are taken or all aspects of the scene and surrounding evidence. It’s then followed by micro-analysis, a process that allows scientists to investigate the evidence at a microscopic level to analyze substances like chemical residues (Trace, 2012). Other equipment used when analyzing trace materials are electron microscopes- used for the analysis of gunshot residue, spectrometry, spectroscopy and chromatographs- used to analyze small explosives, volatile hydro-carbonic chemicals and vehicular paint samples (Corbis, 2006). To analyze vehicle paint, scientist must breakdown its complex mixture of color. Paint is formed of pigments, modifiers, extenders, and binders. Pigment is what gives paint its color...
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...Tomas Del Campo Deviant Behavior Pestello 1/26/16 Sex Trafficking and Domestic Violence Parallels Sex trafficking and domestic violence are the result of the relationships between offenders and victims, on control, intimidation and violence within sex trafficking relationships, and on victims’ coping mechanisms. Warnath concludes that there is a large knowledge gap regarding the links between domestic violence and human trafficking, particularly concerning the interaction between the victim and the offender in human trafficking cases (Warnath 2007). The parallels between domestic violence and sex trafficking are that both can occur within a relationship, that neither are single events but rather an accumulation of acts in which forms of violence enter the relationship, and that neither are easy to stop. Some authors argue that prostitution per say is violence and is the same as domestic violence, and that all prostitution causes harm to women (Farley 2004; Stark and Hodgson 2004). We show the relational nature of sex trafficking through an analysis of police investigations into sex trafficking related to window prostitution in the Amsterdam red-light district during the period 2006. In the Netherlands, prostitution is a legal and regulated profession. In 2007, for instance, a literature study was published on the intersection between domestic violence and human trafficking (Warnath 2007). Sex trafficking is a form of trafficking in persons, which is defined in the UN Palermo...
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... Sex-trafficking is a social problem because, “the crime of people trafficking is an assault on human rights” (Heredia, 2008, p. 399). The issue of Fighting against sex-trafficking was addressed at the UN convention when a protocol was set to tackle the problems of sex-trafficking. There are strategies and interventions used by international and national human service agencies to assist the sex-trafficking victims. Shared Hope International and partner non-profit organizations stated the importance of protecting the victims, preventing the crime and prosecuting the perpetrators, and also have decided to act upon the problem (Shared Hope International, 2009). Further in the study, the researcher will provide detailed analysis of the strategies used by the human service agencies to aid the victims of trafficking. These strategies will include training law enforcement to investigate human trafficking cases, improving communication between the human service agencies and law enforcement, and enhancing the scope of research. Strategies and Implementation Identifying victims of trafficking Relevant studies have been found to identify both the present and historical problems that surround domestic minor sex-trafficking. The researcher used literature, “The Natasha Trade: Transnational Sex Trafficking” (Hughes, 2001) where women are trafficked...
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...Public Resource Analysis The main character in the book, Saving Bernice: Battered Women, Welfare, and Poverty, Bernice had been a victim of domestic violence from a very young age. Bernice grew up in a troubled home where neither of her parents set an example for Bernice or her siblings, which every good parent would want to set for their kids. In this analysis, the public resources available in Walla Walla, WA, will be connected to Bernice’s situation. This analysis will relate several situations in which Bernice could have used the resources from this town, and how she could have been helped. Although these institutions aim to help battered women, and their children, they offer many services but by no means are they perfect. Every institution has their strengths and their weaknesses, all of which will be exposed throughout this public resource analysis. In Walla Walla, there are five main sources of help for women who are going through the same horrid situations as Bernice. Some of these institutions offer similar services, but they are all different entities. One of the most important resources is the Domestic Violence Emergency Shelter Programs and Advocacy Services. This service is an only service that provides victims with the names of shelters in their area, some include the address, but they all include a phone number and a website where the victim may look up more information. Although this resource is not a physical service, the strength of this source is that...
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...Course Syllabus College of Criminal Justice and Security CJA/354 Version 4 Criminal Law Copyright © 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This is an introductory course in the study of criminal law, general legal principles, and how the criminal law functions in and affects modern society. This course highlights a variety of key topics, including the concept of crime and the development of criminal law, defenses to criminal charges, and a number of specific types of crimes, including personal crimes, property crimes, public order crimes, and offenses against public morality. Legal issues affecting punishment will also be discussed, as will ways the criminal law impacts victims of crime. Policies Faculty and students will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Champion, D. J. (2009). Leading U.S. Supreme Court cases in criminal justice: Briefs and key terms. Upper...
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