...Classical Liberalism VS Classical Conservatism Are you Republican or Democrat? Maybe you are Conservative or Liberal? What do these terms mean and how did they begin? Classical Conservatism is defined as “a political philosophy emphasizing the need for the principles of natural law and transcendent moral order.”(Frohnen, Beer, and Nelson, 2006) Classical Liberalism is described as “a philosophy committed to the ideal of limited government and liberty of individuals including freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and free markets.” (Hudelson, 1999) These two ideas have shaped our philosophies and parties for centuries to come. These philosophies were made possible by many bright men of the time like Edmund Burke, John Adams, John Locke and Adam Smith. Classical conservatism or traditional conservatism, Burkean conservatism, and Toryism, is a party that has re-expressed their convections to fit the time. (Frohnen, Beer, and Nelson, 2006) In classical conservatism, many parties have adapted their view points. One of the first parties in American that adapted the philosophies of conservatism was the Whigs. The Whigs opposed monarchial power, advocated internal reform of administration, and freedom under the law. They believed in balancing orders in the common wealth and religious toleration. (Kirk, 1953) One person highly recognized for his work in the public sector for conservatism was Edmund Burke. Edmund Burke was born January 12, 1729 in Dublin, Ireland, and...
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...America Turns the Corner, Document 1 from the United States News which eventually formed into the U.S. News & World Report publication touts the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act 1947, over the veto of President Truman. Describing America as having turned the corner from State socialism, where the government is the master and the citizen the servant, back to truly a representative system where the government is the servant and the whole people are once more “masters of their own destiny” Document 1. This early document not only describes the basic beliefs and goals of the conservative movement but also points to decisive legislation that makes possible the rise of conservatism in America. Document 5 from 1953, The Conservative Mind by Russell Kirk drew upon heros of the American past and...
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...history of this country, which include the Principles of the New Right, the Iran Contra Affair, and credit for ending the Cold War between the United States (U. S.) and the Soviet Union (USSR). These are just a few items that will be taken into consideration to see if he was or was not the person that is liked or disliked by the people of the U. S. The election of President Reagan in 1980 saw the emergence of what was considered the “conservative cause known as the “New Right” movement, partly in response to counter-cultural protests of the 1960’s-evangelical Christian groups, social issues” (The resurgence of conservatism 1980-2000, 2014). The Reagan Doctrine; “A strategy orchestrated and implemented by the United States under the Reagan Administration to oppose the global influence of the Soviet Union during the final years of the Cold War” (The resurgence of conservatism 1980-2000, 2014). It is also known as an expressive term or period for numerous guidelines or groups from the right-wing. This group focused mainly on the societal matters concerning national authority and it was linked to the Religious Right groups. When Ronald Reagan won the election in 1980 this prompted what came to be the American conservative movement who took a power shift into politics. Republicans held the Senate for the...
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...Conservatism, like many other political ideologies has many factions within it. Traditional conservatism, especially paternalistic conservatism very much favours a pragmatic approach. This is the belief that behaviour should be shaped in accordance with practical circumstances and goals rather than principles, beliefs or ideological objectives. However with the introduction of the liberal new right conservatism due to the conservative view of economic and social breakdown, things have started to look a lot more ideological and challenged the pragmatic nature of conservatism. This is where the debate arises. Traditional conservatives undoubtedly favour a pragmatic approach rather than stick to the core ideologies of conservatism. Burke famously said ‘a state which doesn’t change cannot conserve’ which perfectly explains the traditional conservative favouritism towards pragmatism. If a government does not change in order to help all aspects of society and bring in some kind of social reforms there will be revolt by the poor of the country. Conservatives hold this belief due to the belief that humans are naturally imperfect and therefore limited intellectually. Society is too complicated for human’s to fully understand and can therefore never fully understand the political system. Traditional conservatives are therefore suspicious of abstract ideas and systems of thought that claim to understand how society and the world should be run as it is out of grasp for an individual to...
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...1.0 Introduction Conservatism is arguably one of the most prominent and prolonged characteristics in accounting practices (Basu, 1997). Over the centuries, many researchers have accomplished in-depth reports and thoughtful analysis regarding different focuses on conservatism. Literatures related are abundant and fruitful. In next section, this paper will firstly give a brief review on a number of related literatures. Follows that, some of the most significant motivations to adopt conservatism such as contracting demand, litigation pressure, agency problem, tax implication, regulation concern and political economy will be discussed in section three. For the purpose of construction, regression analysis, as the most commonly used research technique, are also analyzed in section four of this paper, which also includes a summary of the requirements in sample selection process. Meanwhile, another crucial aim of this paper is to introduce the empirical evidence of a positive relationship between information quality and conditional conservatism. In section five, this paper intends to explain the empirical findings of Iatridis (2011) that a high quality accounting information discloser will apply conditional conservatism but restrict unconditional conservatism. 2.0 Literature Review Researchers commonly characterize accounting conservatism as “asymmetric timeliness in recognition of accounting gains versus losses and systematic understatement of net assets” (Chi...
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...Russell Kirk, an American political theorist, moralist, historian, social critic, literary critic, and fiction author was a major influence to modern conservatism. While he produced many quality pieces, he is best known for his most famous work, The Conservative Mind. According to modern conservatsists, Kirk’s novel was a heavily influential piece that ultimately shaped conservatism in the late twentieth and twenty-first centuries. He really pinpointed the exact morals behind conservatism, pulling proposals and theories from other great conservatist minds. Russell Kirk’s The Conservative Mind truly captured the journey of conservatism, proving that with a foundation of tradition and the main ideals, nothing can knock down a conservatist, and nothing will every change them. In the very first chapter, Kirk devotes a few pages to what he views as the pain ideas behind conservatism. Known as Kirk’s canons, he proposes six statements that he feels best represent conservatism. The first canon, “Belief in a transcendent order, or body of natural law, which rules society as well as conscience. Political problems, at bottom, are religious and moral problems. A narrow rationality, what Coleridge called the Understanding, cannot of itself satisfy human needs. ‘every Tory is a realist,’ says Keith Feiling: ‘he knows that there are great forces in heaven and earth that man’s philosophy cannot plumb or fathom.’ True politics is the art of apprehending and applying the Justice which ought to...
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...Do you agree with the view that the British media conveyed fundamentally traditional values, and in doing so reinforced social conservatism during the period 1945-1959? Source 1 states that British media continued to convey traditional values between 1945 and 1959. The country had just come out of a war where traditional values were welcomed with open arms, so implementing the radical change of adjusting the media to the social quota, was not as popular or as well-executed as say, the US. Paul Swann wrote in 1987 that Hollywood had an egalitarian element that British films lacked. Hollywood was seen as revolving around the individual and offered hope to people in a collectivist culture. However, there were some changes, as some populist historians argue that the British had made some adjustments to popular demand in the early post war period, however Robert Chapman in 1992 complained that in order to maintain the same quality of radio, gave more money to programmes with a higher social class of listener, and a lower expenditure to those with a lower class listener. This however did not reflect on the statistics for each programme, as the working class were more likely to listen to the radio than the upper class. Overall, Source 1 says that British media reinforced social conservatism during the period stated above. Source 2 states that although some films were being produced in order to educate the British public to other cultures and living conditions to those which the white...
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...The time period between 1968 and 1980 is infamously known as the decade of national decline for the United States. A constant flow of various types of struggles throughout this time gave the US population the harsh realization that America was not as prosperous as it once had been. “No Direction Home” written by author Natasha Zaretsky sheds light on the fact that the United States’ moral, economic, military, and political fields weakened drastically throughout the 1970’s. The numerous factors that contributed to America’s slow deterioration as a country created desperate citizens, looking for any way to salvage the United States. Then Ronald Reagan ran for Presidency in 1980. His never-ending positivity and fresh new policies made Americans...
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...racial prejudices and disapprove of Barack Obama. Results from this study indicated that racial resentment plays a significant role in contemporary politics. Data from between-subjects ANOVA and correlational analysis suggested that the Democratic Party and Republican Party are polarized in regards to racial issues. Moreover, conservative whites are the most likely racial group to hold racial prejudices against African-Americans. Finally, disapproval of President Obama is highly associated with high levels of negative racial stereotypes. Keywords: race, antipathy, conservatism, prejudices, Obama Is Racial Antipathy Increasing? The Polarizing Effect of Obama’s Presidency In 2008, Barack Obama became the first African-American to become President of the United States. His election marked a pivotal turning point in American politics. To millions, Obama’s election signaled the start of a post-racial America. The country was infused with euphoria as citizens from diverse backgrounds celebrated his historical victory. For a brief period, grievous injuries and acts of unkindness committed throughout America’s history were forgiven. Citizens who had constructed emotional barriers, in response to racial discrimination, now waved American flags proudly. Citizens...
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...political science and the natural sciences is that in the latter there is normally only one dominant paradigm at a time, while in the former there are what might be called competing paradigms. As T.S. Kuhn establishes in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, there was a paradigm shift from the Ptolemaic to the Copernican universe; in other words, from the idea that the Earth is the center of the universe we move to the idea that the Earth in fact goes around the sun, a radical conception when it was first put forward in 16th-century Europe but one that is now universally accepted. In the social sciences, however, there is no overriding consensus on how to analyze reality (or even on what counts as reality). In political science, for example, three major views may be distinguished on power and authority in the United States: (a) the pluralist model, in which power is dispersed among competing elites and the citizens have ultimate authority; (b) the power elite model, in which one relatively unified elite (with corporate, military, and political branches) aggregates power to itself; and (c) the governing class model, in which the corporate ruling class dominates the other segments of the power elite. Figures associated with these models are (a) the...
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...comes from his views on gay marriage, abortion and immigration, which is understandable. Due to the underlying hate for Trump, people will fail to see his stances on other issues. Throughout the campaign, arrogant, racist, and blatantly rude comments aside, Trump has some different and possibly more effective views than the average Republican. He shies away from the traditional free enterprise conservatism views and tends to lean more towards the republicanism views. The views...
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...context for literary contributors to Progressivism (2 and throughout) * Social Darwinism (3) * New developments in social science (4) * Progressive education reformers and proposals (9) * Temperance and prohibition (12) * Social Gospel (13) * Teddy Roosevelt and American popular culture (15) * AMERICA IN THE WORLD: * GEOGRAPHY & ENVIRONMENT: * T. Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson, and conservationism (17) (Note: don’t mistake “conservationism” with “conservatism.” Students confuse the two words often because they look similar, have common roots, and pop up in stories about Republicans.) * PEOPLING: * Peopling of the U.S. during the Gilded Age (6) * Hull House and other aid efforts for immigrants (10) * IDENTITY: * Theodore Roosevelt and race (16) * Woodrow Wilson and race (21) * POLITICS & POWER: * Muckrakers, their publications, and famous works (5 and throughout) (Note: it’s “MUCK-ray-kers,” not “MUCK-crackers.”) * Political machines: definition (including understanding the metaphor); famous examples; pros/cons; political and journalistic reaction (7) * Examples of local progressive reform in the northeast (8) * Progressive legal and political reform at national and state levels (11) * Civil Service reform (13)...
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...questioning if it is the greatest series of all time, as popularly reported. The show squarely represents the target audience; forty-something, middle class, good living, conservative, suburban white America in the midst of an economic downturn, where the equilibrium (Todorov) of health and fortunes are pulled away from under them. Walter’s response conforms exactly to the American Dream; he personalises responsibility for other’s (bankers/corporations) actions, looks to himself to seek out opportunity, he becomes the entrepreneur, a manufacturer of a commodity much in demand. The middle class however can relate to the problems as it almost mirrors them. I got thinking and decided this argument really excites me and can write a lot about this argument prompted from breaking bad. The wider drug problem isn’t explored, but it is interesting as there is a lot to argue, in the fact it narrates the story from the middle class perspective. While similar shows, the wire, solely focuses on the underclass being exploited by higher authoritative people in society. My research started by looking at academic reports scattered across the internet, and gathered arguments for and against the show being conservative. Additionally I looked at YouTube blogs, re-watched clips from the show to find examples to link with my dispute. This intermingled with my primary research of creating a questionnaire for my peers and family to fill in, really prepared me for this...
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...the principles of positive historical Judaism. The conservatives accept the findings of modern scholarship that Judaism is the product of a long period of growth and evolution. However, this process did not result in broken or inconsistent lines of development; quite the contrary, the major currents of Judaism run consistently through the extensive literature of the Jewish people, created in successive ages.” (Rudavsky 338) Conservative Judaism is one of the largest of the various sects of Judaism. Conservative Jews make up about 40-45% of those Jews who affiliate. Conservative Judaism accepts the idea that Jewish law is binding upon Jews. Conservative Jews have an obligation to obey all the teachings and commandments of Judaism., For example, Conservative Jews emphasize the laws of keeping the Sabbath and keeping kosher. Conservative Jews believe that Jewish law is capable of evolution as humans learn more about interpreting the Torah. Therefore, Conservative Jews have changed some of the earlier interpretations. Men and women worship together in Conservative synagogues, people may ride in a car on the Sabbath to attend services, and women can be ordained as rabbis. “Issac Leeser is generally regarded as the principal forerunner of Conservative Judaism in the United States. A native of Westphalia, Lesser acquired his religious and secular education before coming to American in 1824. He settled in Richmond, Virginia, where he was employed for several years in his uncle’s...
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...time: it’s escaped the control of the ruling establishment. Neither police repression nor Democrats have been able to stop the movement. which has confounded the politicians and the news media, accustomed as they are to using the same old scripts to discuss race and protest without challenge. City governments across the country had to accept the disruption of business as usual, as, for example, when activists from the Black Youth Project 100 (BYP 100) occupied Chicago’s City Hall on November 26, and marchers in New York City repeatedly shut down most major bridges and tunnels leading into and out of Manhattan in November, while police appeared powerless. Strong at its beginning In a matter of weeks, the movement shattered what remained of the notion of a “post-racial” America and reoriented the entire national conversation on anti-Black racism. The movement follows in a tradition of Black struggles in the United States whose impacts far exceed the numbers of people involved and go well beyond their point of origin. The civil rights revolt, for example, cracked open the Cold War conservatism of the McCarthy era and inspired more than a decade of mass social struggle on many other...
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