...“The Possession Of Knowledge Carries An Ethical Responsibility.” Evaluate This Claim. –Seo Yeon Choi- Theory of Knowledge Essay Topic: “The Possession of Knowledge Carries an Ethical Responsibility” Evaluate The Claim. School: Auckland International College School Number: 001495 Candidate Name: Seo Yeon Choi Candidate Number: 001495-010 Session: May 2013 Teacher: Beate Wiebel Word Count: 1480 “The Possession Of Knowledge Carries An Ethical Responsibility.” Evaluate This Claim. –Seo Yeon Choi- After reading the claim, „The possession of knowledge carries an ethical responsibility‟, I first thought what does „ethical responsibility‟ means. Considering that ethics is the study that debates what is right or wrong and thus govern one‟s behaviour1, I have decided that „ethical responsibility‟ is the obligation of a person in making moral choices which lead to a better society. For example, if one person saw a hit-and-run case and the victim is shouting for help, then that person has the ethical responsibility to rescue that person. I, also, once experienced a dilemma whether to bear an ethical responsibility or not. I saw a person beating a dog, but even though I had that knowledge, I did not call out for help or call the police. As one of a wide array of people who ignored the „ethical responsibility‟ even though one carried the knowledge at that particular period of time, I sometimes admired, but did not fully understand those who chose to help others or make better...
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...Abstract The contents of this paper will consist of the concepts of the ratio of the benefits and risk, and defining ethics of the use of animals in research. Animal research is a topic which is ethically sound and a concerning manner to researchers of the psychological field. There are issues of tests run on the animals which are controversial in manner and a part of the (APA) American Psychological Association ethical issue. The APA is a organization for psychologists in the United States, and designs rules and guides the profession of psychologists as well as other medical personnel. The impact of the testing of animals in the research of psychology will be included in the discussion. Ethics in Psychological Research Paper Animals in Research Ethics help guide researchers around ethical dilemmas that may arise when conducting research. Example questions would be is it acceptable to avoid telling the participant of a study as to what the researcher is looking for and testing about? In what instances is it acceptable and when is it not? The development of research ethics helps guide researchers to find the necessary answer to the different question types (Shaughnessy, Zechmeister, & Zechmeister, 2009). Conducting a scientific research is when researchers look for facts, try to prove theories, and declare the findings the truth, and those conducting research must use the ethics guidelines (Shaughnessy, Zechmeister, & Zechmeister, 2009). The research study or...
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...------------------------------------------------- Ethical Dilemma One ethical dilemma retained my attention. We saw briefly during class a subject regarding animal testing for medical purposes. Should be allowed to test medical purposes on animal rather than human being? From Wikipedia, in the United Kingdom there are approximately 45-70 millions cats and 40 millions dogs. It is also estimated that 3,000 cats and dogs are born every day and 4,000 rats every hour (derelictlondon.com). In other words, I would rather say that if one dies spontaneously after a scientist has realized a test, it would not be a huge damage. On the contrary, when results are positive, they can have amazing affects for the human being, in terms of cancer cure for instance. With animal testing we can discover new medicines and treatments to save millions of people from death. It is a real medical breakthrough for humans. To quote the BBC; “ The case for animal experiments is that they will produce such great benefits for humanity that it is morally acceptable to harm a few animals.” One more obvious counter argument to test medical purposes on animals is there nothing else to test on. Medical research is a difficult and intricate process. The human body is the most complex ‘machine’ and animals are relatively the closest species to us. I will not perceive the use of animals in research as an ethical issue. Testing animals can take place as long as the animal is not suffering and all the benefits will...
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...Animal testing has been recognized as one of the most controversial bioethical issues within the 20th to 21st century. Bioethics can first be defined as the study of the ethical and moral implications of medical research and practice. The major issue that has risen over the last century is whether or not animals should be tested in scientific or commercial purposes. Is it ethical to perform specific experimentations on various animals, if that animal is faced with life and death situations? Some individuals in our society say yes while others say no. Animal testing has remained to be a global issue for a very long time now and people wonder if this issue will ever come to an end. Animal testing has been researched and experimented with more...
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...Carmen Lopez Professor Sykes English 101 4 November XXXX “A Question of Ethics” Left Unanswered In her essay “A Question of Ethics,” Jane Goodall, a scientist who has studied chimpanzees for years, tries to resolve a complicated ethical dilemma: Under what circumstances is it acceptable to cause animal suffering to prevent human suffering? Her answer, however, remains somewhat unclear. Although Goodall challenges scientists to avoid conducting unnecessary tests on animals, she does not explain the criteria by which scientists should determine necessity. Goodall argues that her readers have an ethical obligation to protect animals from suffering, but she also implies that it might be necessary sometimes to abandon that obligation. She points out that animals share similar traits with human beings: they have a capacity for certain human emotions, and they may be capable of legitimate friendship. Goodall’s evidence for this claim is an anecdote from her research. She recounts that one chimpanzee in her study, named David Greybeard, “gently squeezed [her] hand” when she offered him food (62). Appealing to readers’ emotions, Goodall hopes to persuade readers that the chimp is “sociable” and “sentient,” or feeling (62). According to Goodall’s logic, if researchers are careful to avoid tests that cause human suffering, they should also be careful to avoid tests that cause suffering for other life forms. When Goodall asserts that scientists shouldn’t mindlessly ...
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...Alternative Ways to Animal Testing In the world today, science has seen its better days. Scientific methods developed and invented scientists have been used to demonstrate and explain almost everything in the world. Researchers studying biological issues have produced reports informing about the issues that surround us. For example, in tests that require human spacemen have been conducted using non-human animals for biological animal testing all over the world. Research has shown that about 100 million vertebrates are used for animal tests in the world every year; it has been reported that about 20 million rats were used within the United States for testing in 2001 (Hart, Wood, & Hart 35). This is alarming as far as animal protection issues are concerned. Animal rights organizations have however differed with these reports about the same issues raising havoc in matters of biological testing (Hunnicutt 65). This contradiction raises ethical issues in the field of scientific research requiring quick reconciliation of both groups to solve the problems of slowed critical medical researches; the Last Chance for Animals (LCA) and the Foundation for Biomedical Research (FBR) are an example of such differing research bodies. The Last Chance for Animals advocates for the abolition of the practise while FBR finds the practice legitimate and significant. This paper concentrates at the differing points of view of Last Chance for Animals and The Foundation for Biomedical Research...
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...govern a person's or group's behavior” (American English in Oxford Dictionary). Bioethics is a pretty young interdisciplinary study, which is considered with ethical questions related to the relationships among human beings, animals, and environments in the late twentieth century. Based on this, bioethics derived three main subdisciplines, which are medical ethics, animal ethics, and environmental ethics. Although each sub-discipline has particular study area in bioethics, there still are overlaps of ethical considerations and approaches. This makes it difficult to easily discuss ethics questions such as stem cell research, xenotransplantation, the ethical status of animals and the ethical status of the environment. Further discussion about the vital issue of moral status solutions is necessary at the same time. In the rapid development of the natural sciences and biotechnology has greatly promoted better living conditions and improve the living standards of people around the world. On another hand, there are opposite consequences, like water and air pollution, nuclear waste, tropical deforestation, as well as large-scale livestock farming, as well as special innovative technologies, such as gene technology and cloning, resulting in doubts and even fears about the future of humanity. Blank legal system, for example, for abortion and euthanasia, many people are very...
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...Part IV Katie Schulz Mrs. Polski Modern Problems May 2, 2013 Introduction~ Animal experimentation began in the early 3rd and 4th centuries BCE with the Greeks performing the first experiments on living animals. Ever since these early periods there has been a search to answer the question of whether animal testing is ethical. This question is proposed due to the suffering of animals during medical experimentation. Veterinarian, Peter M. Henrickson, found this to be the case in his experience during a veterinary class. The research began on Rodney a shepherd mix. “The first thing we did was neuter him, a seemingly benign project, except it took us an hour to complete the usual 20-minute procedure, and an anesthetic overdose kept him out for 36 hours. Afterward, he recovered his strength quickly and felt good” (Henrickson, Par. 4). They then proceeded to do an abdominal exploratory, opening his abdomen and then closing him again. “This was the first major surgery for any of us, and, with inadequate supervision, we did not close him properly. By the next morning, his incision had opened and he was sitting on his small intestine. Hastily, we sewed him up again, and he survived. But it was a week or more before he could resume walks he had come to eagerly anticipate” (Henrickson, Par. 6). After Rodney’s slow recovery they once again put him under anesthesia. “We broke his leg and repaired it with a steel pin. After this, Rodney seemed in almost constant pain, his temperature...
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...Since the existence of man there will always be issues and problems. One ethical problem that I can not fathom is animal testing. Animal testing is one issue I wish I could solve, for many reasons. Animals deserve rights, even though they can’t speak. The ways animal testing is conducted is not humane. There are better means to test products. All these factors play a part in why I believe animal testing should come to an end. Every human being is born with the desire to have rights. Those rights can consist of speech, choice, or rights as simple as choosing your classes. When an aspect of those rights is taken away we voice our opinions. Thousands of animals are mistreated, killed, or severely injured just like people all over the world. The only difference is that they can’t voice their opinions. They can’t stand up and claim the rights they deserve. It’s our responsibility to provide help to the animals that have to suffer in laboratories....
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...of Animal Testing in Cosmetic Companies Preface The ethical treatment of animal testing is a controversial topic in the field of zoology. Different aspects on animal testing range from positivity to negativity. Animals such as dogs and rats are used for experimental trials because they have been found to have psychological and genetic correlations that relate to humans. Although the benefits and improvements to modern medicine made it possible to ban animal experimentation completely, animals are still the main subjects in cosmetic industries. Something important to keep in mind when it comes to animal experimentation is that, “Most experimentation has nothing to do with disease research… it is cosmetic product testing” (Medical News Online). According to the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) over one hundred million animals suffer from experiments to test cosmetics. Many people stand against animal experimentation claiming that animals are not ours to experiment on, and even though that’s an important point, there are many other issues that should be discussed. For example, ninety two percent of all animal trials in cosmetics that are effective on animals are ineffective on humans (ASPCA). Meaning that the reasoning behind it is the lower cost of animal testing provided to those companies. Unfortunately, theses experiments are the cheapest options and some companies are required by the FDA to test all new cosmetic ingredients on animals. Animal testing can...
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...Current Ethical Issues in Animal Research Research involving animals consistently improves medical progress for more than two centuries. However, for most of that time, it has met with moral objections because of the suffering it can cause the animals. Though animal welfare laws have reduced the number of laboratory animals globally, ethical concerns remain.The word ‘ethics’ is used in many contexts, for the purposes of this essay, “It is an examination of the acceptability of the motives that drive the behaviour of people. ”(Dolan, 1999). Ethical issues in animal research have been discussed frequently in public these few years. Accurate global figures for animal testing are difficult to obtain. According to the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV) (2012), 100 million vertebrates are experimented on around the world every year, 10–11 million of them in the European Union. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) estimates that the total number of animals used in that country in 2012 was almost 950,000, but this figure does not include rats and mice, which make up about 90% of research animals. Reports show that at least 20% of these animals do not receive painkillers and are used in painful experiments. Animal rights advocates are pressing government agencies to impose heavy restrictions on animal research. However, there is a growing concern over the threat restrictions on the use of animals would pose to scientific progress. Whether such experiments...
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...effort to change the situation and to comply with the WHO code, the criticism to nestle should be stop. Since I have made too much discussion about how nestle is an ethical corporation with high CSR consciousness now I want to give another example — The Body Shop. The Body Shop International PLC is a global cosmetics company launched in 1976, which was predicated on ethical principles and the values of environmental sustainability, it can be seen as one of the first companies to prohibit the use of ingredients tested on animals, the Body Shop also pioneered Community Trade agreements with countries in the developing world. The company is also attributed for shaping ethical consumerism in the way it has produced and retailed its various consumer products. Here I want to give some real cases of Body Shop to support my argument. Opposition to Animal Testing From the outset, The Body Shop has maintained and publicly declared that it does not test its cosmetic products on animals, nor does it commission others to do so on its behalf, as it considered the practice to be unethical. Indeed, this sentiment became a central facet of the organization’s philosophy and one that set it apart from its main industry competitors. It is also a policy that has served to define the organisation in terms of its ethical stance and one that has been reaffirmed in many of the...
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...Using Relevant Theories and Examples outline the arguments for and against an organization adopting an ethical approach to management. The purpose of this essay is to compare and contrast the case for and against an organization adopting an ethical approach. This essay will look into the two sides of the argument in depth using relevant theories, examples and case studies. The first part of this essay will look into why an organization adopting an ethical approach to management could ultimately benefit the firm. The essay will look at various strengths that could be achieved by an organization, these theories and ideas will be backed up with possible case studies and real life examples. The second part of this essay will look at the case against a firm adopting an ethical approach to management. Again various reasons will be analyzed and will be backed up using relevant theories, case studies and real life examples. After looking at both sides of the argument this essay hopes to come to a conclusion perhaps suggesting that it would be important for organizations to act ethically to a certain extent. Before going into the first side of the argument it will be important to define what is meant by an ‘ethical approach to management’, so this section of the essay will compare and contrast various definitions. One definition suggests that ‘ethics are the moral principles that should underpin decision-making. A decision made on ethics might reject the most profitable solution...
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...The Body Shop Stakeholder Panel Review 31 August 2008 Mission Statement ‘Dedicate our business to the pursuit of social and environmental change. Creatively balance the financial and human needs of our stakeholders: employees, customers, franchisees, suppliers and shareholders. Courageously ensure that our business is ecologically sustainable, meeting the needs of the present without compromising the future. Meaningfully contribute to local, national and international communities in which we trade by adopting a code of conduct that ensures care, honesty, fairness and respect. Passionately campaign for the protection of the environment, human and civil rights, and against animal testing within the cosmetics industry. Tirelessly work to narrow the gap between principle and practice, whilst making fun, passion and care, part of our daily lives.’ The Mission Statement of The Body Shop requires us to run our business in a way that balances economic, social and environmental needs. As well as assessing ourselves against our Mission Statement we also ask for comment from those outside the business with whom we share common objectives. In June 2008,The Body Shop International held a stakeholder panel review meeting The aim of the panel was to invite NGO’s to comment on current social and environmental performance within the business and help shape the future of The Body Shop sustainable development agenda. The 2008 stakeholder panel consisted of representatives from the British Union...
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...Animal Testing: A Reasonable Stance Animals can give us love and happiness when we are caring for them as pets, but what else can animals give us? Over the past century animals have also given us vaccines, drugs, and more that have kept our society healthy and safe from deadly infections, all due to animal testing. But are the welfare of animals something that should be risked to make our lives better? The issue of animal testing has caused an ongoing battle in our society that deals with both science and animal rights. There are those who favor it because it is allows for scientific progress, and there are those who oppose it because it is the ethically right thing to do. Both sides have valid arguments, which most people choose to side with one or the other. With a better understanding of each side of the issue, animal testing, we can conceive a credible truth. The complex issue of animal testing is one that should not be researched in a bias way. One must explore both and all sides of the argument to come to a valid conclusion. While I have yet to find a piece of writing that equally argues both sides of animal testing, the combined research I have done on both sides of the spectrum allows for a solid foundation for this discussion. These two stances on animal testing are opposite not only in position on the issue, but also in reasoning. The side for animal testing is reasoning on the means of science and research used to develop new medical treatment, while the side against...
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