...The Holocaust What is Genocide? Ushmm.org says genocide is a term used to describe violence against members of a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group with the intent to destroy the entire group. In 1944, a Polish-Jewish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin (1900-1959) sought to describe Nazi policies of systematic murder, including the destruction of the European Jews. He formed the word "genocide" by combining geno-, from the Greek word for race or tribe, with -cide, derived from the Latin word for killing. The Holocaust is one of many examples of genocide. On January 30th, 1933 according to ushmm.org, the Jewish population in Europe stood at nine million. Most Jews lived in the areas the Nazi’s would later occupy during World War II. In 1945, The Germans and collaborators had killed two of three...
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...Genocide in the World Today Genocide has been a very large problem for many countries for a while, and it is still going on today. For example, The War of Darfur in Sudan from 2003 to 2010 and Persecution of Yazidis by Deash in Iraq. The War in Darfur began in February 2003 when the Sudan Liberation Army (SLA) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) created a war among the Government of Sudan. The true amount of people killed is unknown. However, the Government of Sudan claims roughly 10,000 people, but many others say up to roughly 400,000 people. The crisis in Darfur cannot be saved in solitude from other conflicts in the area. There is violence in the Central African Republic and in Chad. The diplomats must agree to make peace and...
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...Assignment Inhumanity In Our World Genocide is one of the most evil moral crimes any ruling authority such as a government can commit against its people. A general definition of ‘Genocide’ is the intention to destroy or murder people because of their race, beliefs, or even political and economic status. Legal expert, Raphael Lemkin, created the term ‘Genocide’ 1944. Lemkin, a Polish Attorney, combined the ancient Greek word ‘genos’ which means race and the Latin word ‘cide’ which translates to killing. There are many examples of genocide in the world but the most recognizable is that of the Holocaust and how the German powers that be sought and attempted to kill all Jews. A recent example is the Rawandan Genocide in 1994 where the assassination of Juvénal Habyarimana caused a violent reaction resulting in mass killings. In efforts to reduce Genocide, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (UHCG) was adopted by the United Nations in 1948 and was placed in force in 1951. On July 1, 2002 the International Criminal Court (ICC) came into force. The ICC not only accepted the UHCG’s definition of Genocide but expanded it to include crimes against humanity such as enslavement, deportation, torture, rape, enforced disappearance and apartheid. There have been many organizations created throughout the world to defend and prevent Genocide. Communities, Religions and even Colleges are forming organizations and these are just some examples of how this is a concern too...
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...Global Community Failure to Eradicate Genocide Name: Course: Tutor: Date: Abstract When it comes to global criminology, the subject is fatal in the sense of reprisals accustomed to it. In any case, international criminal activities are largely based geopolitical factors rather than the genuine purpose of ending human to human barbarism. This paper will attempt to prove that ‘global community’ commitment to end genocide events is categorically challenged by lack of sufficient devotion to ‘the pledge’ to eradicate the vice. The paper is structured into three main parts and one secondary part. The background will attempt to examine the scholarly effort attempting to relate the basis of global community pledge and the general act of genocide. A further sub category of this part will introduce the role played by United Nations in minimizing genocide. The second section will be substantial in analyzing past genocide events; courtesy of three relevant examples, Cambodia, Sri Lanka and Rwanda. In this section, the document will examine the various roles played by United Nations in fueling the genocide. The third section will examine 21 century events, and how United Nations has chosen a back player in preventing the occurrences of these genocides. The secondary section will attempt to examine the role played by International Criminal Court and how it has been challenged in limiting genocide events. Background Research has attempted relate the end of the holocaust and the emergence...
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...H. Res. 106: Affirmation of the United States Record on the Armenian Genocide Resolution 110th CONGRESS 1st Session Calling upon the President to ensure that the foreign policy of the United States reflects appropriate understanding and sensitivity concerning issues related to human rights, ethnic cleansing, and genocide documented in the United States record relating to the Armenian Genocide, and for other purposes. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES January 30, 2007 Mr. SCHIFF (for himself, Mr. RADANOVICH, Mr. PALLONE, Mr. KNOLLENBERG, Mr. SHERMAN, and Mr. MCCOTTER) submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs RESOLUTION Calling upon the President to ensure that the foreign policy of the United States reflects appropriate understanding and sensitivity concerning issues related to human rights, ethnic cleansing, and genocide documented in the United States record relating to the Armenian Genocide, and for other purposes. Resolved, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This resolution may be cited as the `Affirmation of the United States Record on the Armenian Genocide Resolution'. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. The House of Representatives finds the following: (1) The Armenian Genocide was conceived and carried out by the Ottoman Empire from 1915 to 1923, resulting in the deportation of nearly 2,000,000 Armenians, of whom 1,500,000 men, women, and children were killed, 500,000 survivors were expelled from their homes,...
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...Learning about all three genocides has taught me that when belief systems of societies come into conflict it can easily escalate into tense situations. That can often lead to chaos if the conflict is not resolved. One example of this is the Rwandan Genocide. In this genocide the Tutsis were minority and were ruling over the majority, Hutus. This started a conflict among the Tutsis and Hutus because they could not come into agreement of equal ruling power. The Hutus then started killing a lot of the Tutsis and other Hutus that would not join them. This shows that even people with similar ethnicity kill each other if there is a difference in opinion. The Hutus would also kill their neighbors and friends that were Tutsis. If there was no disagreement...
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...Essay Genocide Genocide was the term that came out after the Nazi’s Holocaust of World War Two, but it was not the first incident of Genocide, or the last. During the Genocide Convention that followed World War Two it was agreed amongst the world leaders that genocide would “never again” occur in the world. Time has shown that this might have been an empty promise however, and this essay will review the laws being implemented by the United Nations to help prevent genocide, arguments about why humans kill, incidents of genocide and how genocide is defined and, of course, the victims of the violent crime known as genocide. Genocide is now defined in the Oxford English Dictionary as “[t]he deliberate and systematic extermination of an ethnic or national group”. The United Nations created a much broader and in depth definition in the Genocide Convention of 1948. They state that genocide is “…any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or part, a national, ethnical or religious group, as such: killing members of the group; causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or part; imposing measures to prevent births within the group; forcibly transferring children of the group to another group”. Despite some flaws and loopholes in this definition, it covers the atrocities that occur during genocide quite well. Genocide has occurred...
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...The instances of genocide in the late 20th century stand as a testament to how unreliable the nation state can be when inalienable and human rights are concerned. As is shown in the case of Rwanda, non-state actors have taken steps to trample on these rights even when the victim technically has citizenship in a country. Additionally, the nation-state can reinforce the actions of the non-state actors through either sponsorship, or even inaction in the face of genocide. Civil society actors have taken steps to act where the nation-state has failed to do so out of what Ayers identifies as labeling the conflict as internal or a civil war. Ultimately, both Ayers and Power agree that labeling genocide as what it is, and taking other steps outside of raw military force can go a long way in preventing the atrocities of the 20th century. More specifically, since the nation-state alone cannot be trusted to handle these situations, civil society must take steps to better the diplomacy of the nation-state, along with creating an international community that can work together to remedy the problems of human and inalienable rights violations. In her article “Raising the Cost of Genocide,” Samantha Power examines the historical response to genocide by discussing the ways in which western powers have avoided responsibility for 20th century atrocities. She begins her article by explaining the invention of the word genocide as a word meant to “send shudders down the spines of those who heard it...
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...Genocide is the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation. One of the most commonly referred to and widely known genocide is the Holocaust, but this is not the only genocide. There are many different genocides that have gone on throughout the course of history, all of which could have been prevented. One of these is a 21st century genocide going on in the Sudanese region to this day. This paper will describe the genocide in Darfur, compare it to the Holocaust and discuss not only how it can be ended but how future genocides can be prevented. 6 million citizens reside in Darfur is a region in western Sudan that was created in 1956 (“Darfur Genocide”). There has been distrust between...
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...assumes it provides us with roots and a sense of attachment to our community which affect people's lives in such a way that it creates a unique bond that can be very hard to break. So in a sense, regionalism shapes our identities and I agree with his assumption that people view themselves more as part of their region rather than a part of their nation. Loyalty to one's region can be compromised when individuals allow national power and greed to destroy their roots. There are many examples of how nationalism tries to take over a region to destroy its people. For instance genocide, in nearly all examples, has been started by a power-hungry national figure who has an agenda in mind that never takes into account what a local area's wish might be for their future. Hitler is an example of this type of authoritarian oppressor who had a very complex national strategy in place to exterminate the Jews. He certainly did not consider or recognize regional differences in Europe, but rather put forth his own agenda. Genocide is on a whole different level than all other crimes against humanity. The circumstance I will describe shows how Priestley's concept of internationalism also comes into play showing how our global watchdog agencies, such as the UN, can be slow to respond to an atrocity For the most part, the UN has avoided and has not responded to...
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...permanent” (Mohandas Gandhi). If only our world leaders knew this sooner. Genocide is the act of killing a large mass of people for no valid reason. The Holocaust was a genocide where the Nazi Germans tried to eliminate the Jews from Germany from 1939-1945. The Nazi Germans believed that the Jews were the reason Germany lost World War 1 and wanted them to pay for what they did. The Armenian genocide was where the Turkish people in the Ottoman Empire desired a homogenous Turkish state and wanted to get rid of the Armenians from 1915-1918. Although the Holocaust and the Armenian genocide are similar in their horrible dehumanization and unjust polarization stages, each genocide exterminated its people differently....
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...Genocide Foundations Name Institution Affiliation Date Genocide Foundations Introduction Over the years, genocide studies receive positive and negative influences from both the cultural and political contexts. The two contexts have extensively influenced the view of genocide. The major view of genocide is that it is a domestic occurrence of states. On a literal perspective, various authors have contributed to the subject of genocide. The assignment looks to extensively explore the foundations of genocide based on book reviews. The paper will provide an in-depth analysis and reviews of three books on genocide, What is Genocide by Martin Shaw, Centuries of Genocide by Totten and On the nature of genocidal intent by Campbell. Shaw, M. (2007). What is Genocide? Cambridge: Polity Press. ISBN: 0745631827. Martin Shaw’s takes up the subject of defining genocide in all contexts. Through the book, What is Genocide, Shaw seeks to address two major issues related to genocide definition. • Unchanging definition of genocide • Reasons and need for changing definition of genocide Modern comprehension of the genocide ideology arises from a historical and contemporary viewpoint. It is evident over the years that the definition of genocide has undergone minimal change. In the book, the author offers key reasons for the unchanging definition of genocide while at the same time offering major reasons...
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...law"? 2. Could the Rwandan genocide have been stopped? 3. Who is to blame for the Rwandan genocide of 1994? 4. Both the citizen who killed his Tutsi neighbour with a machete and the government leader who convinced his people to do the killing but did not kill anyone himself are criminals. Who commits the greater wrong? 5. What is necessary for a genocide? 6. Can genocide happen by accident? 7. Should the U.S. have taken the lead in getting the international community to intervene to stop the Rwandan genocide? 8. What is the concept of national sovereignty and what is R2P? 9. Can a country with a repressive government or which has been engulfed by political and social chaos go directly to a multi-party democracy or must they go through transitional stages which fall short of full representative democracy? 10. The genocidaires have been treated well in the prison run by the International Criminal Tribunal. They receive adequate food. They are allowed to pray. If they are ill they receive medicine. This is much more than they gave their victims and, in fact, they are living better than many innocent people in Rwanda. Should they be treated this well? 11. Are the international tribunals in Arusha, which are prosecuting only a few high-profile genocidaires, just a way for the international community to wash its hands and pretend that justice has been done? 12. How does a society move forward from a genocide? 13. Are the genocidaires, the...
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...When people say genocide, I don’t think of what’s happening/happened in Africa. I think of A LOT of people dying, but I don’t in vision how they die. So when I hear the word genocide, I don’t think of people getting beat to death, or sexually harassed or thousands and millions of dead bodies covering miles of land. I don’t think of people dying because they’re aren’t what other people want. And that was probably last week, before we watched Hotel Rwanda in social studies, but now, after seeing that movie, whenever I hear the word genocide I feel a chill down my spine. Because thinking about people getting sexually abused, beat, whipped, burned, cut, is totally different from actually seeing it. In class, we thought what we were seeing was horrible, but that wasn’t even a fraction of what actually happened it was kind of just a preview. The genocide that happened in Rwanda was depressing and horrifying. But aren’t all genocides? I know how genocides happen and how people do it, dehumanization. I still can’t even imagine it though, I can’t imagine ever being in a situation where I actually killed someone or was trying to be killed. I can’t even imagine watching someone be killed even it was an accident. So after learning about this and the holocaust, my one question is how did people have enough hope to survive? Some similarities I discovered between the genocide in Rwanda and the holocaust were they both intensely used dehumanization. For example, in Rwanda they took clothes...
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...Armenian Genocides Prashanth P. Samuel Professor Hicks History 116 The Ottoman Empire was a very powerful and influential force in the world during the early 19th century. As the empire was predominantly of Turkish decent, other minority groups started growing within the empire. Eventually it came to a period where the Ottoman Empire felt these minority groups such as the Armenians, Greeks, as well as the Assyrians were becoming to strong and felt they were threating the empire therefore they were persecuted and the mass killings of the Armenian people being. The purpose of this paper is to dive into the times of the Armenian genocides before during and after the April 24th 1915 genocide attacks on the Armenian people. The various sources and references used in this paper will explain the various situations the Armenian people faced and how this has correlated to other world events at the time and how this has affected Armenian people for generations to come. The first part which we will look at is determining if the mass killings of the Armenian people is considered genocide or not as the people of Turkey time and time again failed to recognize that it was genocide. The genocide convention in 1948 defined the word “genocide” as an incident which involves a significant number of dead, as similar to the number of dead during the 1915-1916 era. “On 12 March 2010, the Swedish Riksdag recognized the 1915 Genocide in Ottoman Turkey” (Avedian). As the Swedish have stated that...
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