...Determining the enthalpy of combustion of Magnesium Om Vora Ms. Mohoruk Lab Partner: Ujjwal Nambiar 4/25/16 IB HL Chemistry 11 Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to determine the molar enthalpy of combustion of Mg using Hess Law by manipulating three formulas, two of which will be found through the experiment and one value is already given. Materials: Refer to lab handout on the front of the page as no changes were made. Procedure: Refer to lab handout on the front of the page as no changes were made. Qualitative results: • Bubbles and vapor is released during the reaction of both Mg and MgO. • Solutions in the calorimeter got really hot after the mixing the two. Sign of exothermic reaction. • Small residue of...
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...Combustion Lab Lukas Worcester PGHS Introduction The concepts of hydrocarbons, combustion, specific heat capacity, and endothermic reactions must be understood by the students to complete the lab. Carbon and hydrogen molecules are what actually make up hydrocarbons structure. Hydrocarbons are typically utilized in fuels and lubricants, as well as raw materials such as plastic, rubber, and other materials. The reaction between a hydrocarbon and oxygen is a process called combustion, which creates carbon dioxide and water. A combustion reaction is defined as an exothermic reaction, a reaction putting off heat instead of taking in heat. Combustion’s main purpose is to create an oxidized material. Each and every substance on...
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...I Intro In this lab we are going to observe chemical reactions. A chemical reaction is the rearrangement of stuff into new stuff. When a chemical reaction occurs there is color change, temperature change, energy change, gas release, odor, and precipitation. There are 5 different types of chemical reactions: synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, and combustion. A chemical reaction has to be balanced because of the law of conservation of mass. Conservation of mass is mass neither created nor destroyed. The product has to be the same amount of substances as the reactants. II Purpose The purpose of this lab is to observe different typed of chemical reactions. III Data / Observations Reaction #1: 2Mg + O2 2MgO Synthesis * Burning magnesium metal turns it into an ultraviolet light while on fire. Product is a white powder. Reaction #2: Mg + HCl MgCl2 + H2 Single displacement * When magnesium was added to HCl, it started to bubble and the test tube became hot. When a flame lit on a wooden splint was added it made a loud pop sound. Reaction #3: (NH4)2 + CO3 (NH4)2 + CO3 Decomposition * Ammonium carbonate was added into a test tube and heated up it up with fire. After adding a piece of litmus paper a strong odor was released. The litmus paper turned from a color pink to a color of blue. Reaction #4: CaCo3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2CO3 Double displacement * When HCl was added to calcium carbonate it began...
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...Chemistry Notes 2010 Core Module 1: Production of Materials Contextual Outline Humans have always exploited their natural environment for all their needs including food, clothing and shelter. As the cultural development of humans continued, they looked for a greater variety of materials to cater for their needs. The twentieth century saw an explosion in both the use of traditional materials and in the research for development of a wider range of materials to satisfy technological developments. Added to this was a reduction in availability of the traditional resources to supply the increasing world population. Chemists and chemical engineers continue to play a pivotal role in the search for new sources of traditional materials such as those from the petrochemical industry. As the fossil organic reserves dwindle, new sources of the organic chemicals presently used have to be found. In addition, chemists are continually searching for compounds to be used in the design and production of new materials to replace those that have been deemed no longer satisfactory for needs. This module increases students’ understanding of the implications of chemistry for society and the environment and the current issues, research and developments in chemistry. 1.1 Construct word and balanced formulae equations of all chemical reactions as they are encountered in this module: • Acid reactions: o acid (aq) + base (aq) salt (aq) + water (l) o acid (aq) + active metal (s) salt (aq) + hydrogen (g)...
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...Stoichiometry ________________________________________ Stoichiometry is simply the math behind chemistry. Given enough information, one can use stoichiometry to calculate masses, moles, and percents within a chemical equation. ________________________________________ ________________________________________ What is a Chemical Equation? In chemistry, we use symbols to represent the various chemicals. Success in chemistry depends upon developing a strong familiarity with these basic symbols. For example, the symbol "C"represents an atom of carbon, and "H" represents an atom of hydrogen. To represent a molecule of table salt, sodium chloride, we would use the notation "NaCl", where "Na" represents sodium and "Cl" represents chlorine. We call chlorine "chloride" in this case because of its connection to sodium. You should have reviewed naming schemes, or nomenclature, in earlier readings. A chemical equation is an expression of a chemical process. For example: AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) ---> AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq) In this equation, AgNO3 is mixed with NaCl. The equation shows that the reactants (AgNO3 and NaCl) react through some process (--->) to form the products (AgCl and NaNO3). Since they undergo a chemical process, they are changed fundamentally. Often chemical equations are written showing the state that each substance is in. The (s) sign means that the compound is a solid. The (l) sign means the substance is a liquid. The (aq) sign stands for aqueous in water and means...
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...UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING ENCI790 RESEARCH PROPOSAL: “An evaluation and survey of methods available for converting biomass into fuels” Candidate: Surya Sappa Supervisors: Professor John Chen Doctor Robert Kirkpatrick ABSTRACT Biofuel technologies have become more and more prominent in addressing the need for a continuous supply of fuels. Biofuels are fuels that are produced through the biological process of converting biomass/biowaste into a fuel source to reduce the negative impacts faced by fossil fuels combustion (reduction in greenhouse gasses) and availability of supply. Biofuels can be derived from a wide variety of biomass, and are categorised into four generations: First generation biofuels are made from sugars, starches, oil, and animal fats that are converted into fuel using already-known processes or technologies. These fuels include biodiesel, bioalcohols, ethanol, and biogases, like methane captured from landfill decomposition. Second generation biofuels are made from non-food crops or agricultural waste, especially ligno-cellulosic biomass like switch-grass, willow, or wood chips. Third generation biofuels are made from algae or other quickly growing biomass sources. Fourth generation biofuels are made from specially engineered plants or biomass that may have higher energy yields or lower barriers to cellulosic breakdown or are able to be grown on non-agricultural land or bodies of water...
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...CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL Caribbean Secondary Education Certificate CSEC® CHEMISTRY SYLLABUS Effective for examinations from May–June 2015 CXC 21/G/SYLL 13 Published by the Caribbean Examinations Council. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior permission of the author or publisher. Correspondence related to the syllabus should be addressed to: The Pro-Registrar Caribbean Examinations Council Caenwood Centre 37 Arnold Road, Kingston 5, Jamaica Telephone Number: + 1 (876) 630-5200 Facsimile Number: + 1 (876) 967-4972 E-mail Address: cxcwzo@cxc.org Website: www.cxc.org Copyright © 2013 by Caribbean Examinations Council The Garrison, St Michael BB14038, Barbados CXC 21/G/SYLL 13 Contents RATIONALE ................................................................................................................................... AIMS ............................................................................................................................................. CANDIDATE POPULATION ............................................................................................................. SUGGESTED TIME-TABLE ALLOCATION ........................................................................................ ORGANISATION OF THE SYLLABUS .................................................
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...PROJECT REPORT FOR AWARDING OF CERTIFICATE ON COMPLETION OF SUMMER INPLANT TRAINING (1st JUNE- 22nd JULY 2011) AT IOCL Gujarat Refinery (Vadodara) SUBMITTED BY: SHREYASH GUPTA Integ.Btech(APE)+MBA(O&G Management) University of Petroleum and Energy Studies,Dehradun PREFACE Though it has been said that best friend a man can ever get is a book but we at this juncture realize that only books cannot give all the information a person seeks. When any student is unable to understand a particular topic, he is advised to imagine the whole matter and then try to understand it. Normally, this method succeeds. But in engineering stream considering the study of wide range of process and equipments involved in it, it is hard to understand the unit operations and processes just through books or even with imagination .Unless one happens to see the process, equipments, he is like a soldier who knows to fire the gun ,but is yet to face a war. Industrial training is one of the most vital part of a syllabus of chemical engineering, which not only teaches one the industrial unit operations, equipments and other technical aspects, but also teaches discipline, interaction with various people irrespective of their posts, the importance of teamwork, etc. This report contains a brief introduction to GUJRAT REFINERY and knowledge gathered about various units in refinery during the training. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express...
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...------------------------------------------------- March 2013 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis entitled “Utilization of Characterized Activated Carbon Prepared from Corn Cobs in Sugar Decolorization”, prepared by Dyle Angellowe B. Mapagu, Aurilyn A. Ramirez and Roxanne L. Soriano, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering, is hereby recommended for oral examination. Approved by the Tribunal on Oral Examination with a grade of _________. Engr. Ma. Haidee A. Mabborang Member Engr. Monico U. Tenedor Member Engr. Marianne DC. Calica Member Engr. Caesar P. Llapitan Chairman Accepted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering. Engr. Ernesto D. Marallag Dean, College of Engineering ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We, the authors, convey our gratefulness and appreciation to the people who have given valuable assistance in the completion of this study. To Engr. Policarpio Mabborang, Jr. for providing a perceptive and logical evaluation of our research, for his corrections and suggestions in the improvement of the study, and for his patience towards us; To Engr. Caesar Llapitan, Engr. Marianne Calica, Engr. Monico Tenedor, and Engr. Ma. Haidee Mabborang, who served as our panelists in the defense, pointed out mistakes and gave good suggestions in revising our thesis; To Engr. Gina Consigna, head of the Feed Laboratory...
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...A Project Report On Summer Training at Krishak Bharti Co-Operative Ltd. HAZIRA Submitted by: Exam Nos. Deepak Sharma 85 Anish Nair 46 Zaid Patel 70 Kevin Varsani 101 Tandel Gracee 93 Submitted to: Radha Vyas Jueela Mankar Namrata Khilochiya Hiren Patel Vivekanand College for BBA, Surat Academic Year-2006-07 ACKNOWLEGMENT Sharing our experience is one of the biggest honors, which every one cannot experience. To share our experience at KRIBHCO as management student is a matter grate honor and pride. We are grateful to KRIBHCO for letting us to do this project. We express our gratitude to Mr. Sunil jain (P&A Manager) Mr.Sampat (store department), Mr. Thomas T.S. (F & A Deptt), Mr. M.N Patel (H.R.D Deptt) .We are really thankful to employees of KRIBHCO who have been guiding us in this path Step by step and have made our path really simple to get through .we will use this experience through out our career and will make our future bright. So once again we thank all of them. In...
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...CHM 1101 Introductory Chemistry Dawn Fox Medeba Uzzi August, 2007 Compiled and edited by Medeba Uzzi Authors’ Note This document is an initiative by the authors in an attempt to deal with what they think may be one of the reasons contributing to the relatively high failure rate in the introductory Chemistry course (CHM 1101) at the University of Guyana. It was brought to our attention that many first year students taking CHM 1101 are unable to efficiently cope with the frenetic pace of the Semester system and even less able to deal comprehensively with the large content in CHM 1101. It is hoped that by providing this paper, students will not need to make lots of notes in lectures and so they can focus on grasping the concepts taught. The document is meant to be a guide to the topics covered in CHM 1101 and is by no means exhaustive. Students are still required to attend classes regularly and punctually and to engage meaningfully in lectures and tutorials. Further, supplemental reading of these topics in any good General Chemistry text is expected. Dawn Fox Medeba Uzzi 2 SECTION 1 – Modules A – D: section deals with the foundation for chemistry. It introduces students to matter & its classification, Atom & its structure, Periodic table and chemical rxns. Introduction to Science and Measurement What is Chemistry? – Chemistry is the study of matter and its transformations Natural sciences refer to the systematic study of the natural world (our...
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...ANALYSIS OF FOOD PRODUCTS FOOD SCIENCE 581 Instructor Prof. D. Julian McClements Room 238, Chenoweth Lab Tel: 545 1019 Email: mcclements@foodsci.umass.edu Course Description Food products are analyzed for a variety of reasons, e.g., compliance with legal and labeling requirements, assessment of product quality, determination of nutritive value, detection of adulteration, research and development. The lectures will cover the basic principles of analytical procedures and techniques commonly used to provide information about the chemical composition, structure and physical properties of food materials. The aim of the laboratory classes is to give students experience in performing food analysis experiments, analyzing data and reporting their findings. In addition, students are expected to work in teams on a special project where they will identify and critically assess the most appropriate analytical methods for analyzing the properties of a particular food product. [4 Credits]. Textbooks * Introduction to Food Analysis. S.S. Nielsen, 1998. Aspen Publishers - The best general overview of food analysis techniques currently available. (Required). * Food Analysis: Theory and Practice. Y. Pomeranz and C.E. Meloan, Chapman and Hall - General overview of food analysis techniques (Useful) * Food Analysis: Principles and Techniques. D.W. Gruenwedel and J.R. Whitaker, Marcel Dekker - General overview of food analysis techniques (Useful) * Analytical Chemistry of Foods...
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...Part-A: - Executive Summary: 1. Project background & promoters 1.1 PROJECT AT GLANCE 6 MVA * 1 Sub merged Arc Furnace for Manufacture of Ferro Manganese, Silico Manganese SHARANYA NATURAL RESOURCES & INFRA PROJECTS PRIVATE LIMITED H NO 1-2-110 Shanthi Nagar, Adilabad Andhra Pradesh 1. Sri Sanjay Kumar Makhariya 2. Sri P Shankar 3. Smt P Uma Adilabad, Andhra Pradesh Ferro Alloys - Silico Manganese (SiMn.) / Ferro Manganese (FeMn.) Used in Steel Industry 6*1 MVA Furnace Sub merged Arc Furnace for Ferro Manganese, Silico Manganese (4800 TPA SiMn and 7000 TPA FeMn based on equal utilization for both the products) Rs. 1792.33 Lakhs (Say 1792 lakhs) 60% 85% 90% Rs.868.00 lakhs Existing Proposed Term Loan – NIL Rs. 925.00 Lacs CC Limit – NIL Rs. 403.00 Lacs LC/FLC -NIL Rs. 50.00 Lacs One (1) Year Moratorium from Commercial production + 6 Years – Total Seven (7) years from Commercial production Name of the Company Registered Office Names of the Board of Directors Plant location Product Application Installed capacity Project Cost Capacity utilization of Year 2013-14 Year 2014-15 Year 2015-16 & onwards Promoter’s Contribution Banking limit - Term loan - Cash credit - LC/FLC Repayment Period Debt-Equity Ratio Project total (overall) TERM Loan (only) 1.53 : 1 1.07 : 1 3.49 times 5.05 times 40.51% Average DSCR - Gross - Net IRR SHARANYA NATURAL RESOURCES & INFRA PROJECTS PRIVATE LIMITED H NO 1-2-110 Shanthi Nagar, Adilabad Andhra Pradesh Page 1 of 76 1.2. ABOUT...
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...Answers to Conceptual Integrated Science End-of-Chapter Questions Chapter 1: About Science Answers to Chapter 1 Review Questions 1 The era of modern science in the 16th century was launched when Galileo Galilei revived the Copernican view of the heliocentric universe, using experiments to study nature’s behavior. 2 In Conceptual Integrated Science, we believe that focusing on math too early is a poor substitute forconcepts. 3 We mean that it must be capable of being proved wrong. 4 Nonscientific hypotheses may be perfectly reasonable; they are nonscientific only because they are not falsifiable—there is no test for possible wrongness. 5 Galileo showed the falseness of Aristotle’s claim with a single experiment—dropping heavy and lightobjects from the Leaning Tower of Pisa. 6 A scientific fact is something that competent observers can observe and agree to be true; a hypothesis is an explanation or answer that is capable of being proved wrong; a law is a hypothesis that has been tested over and over and not contradicted; a theory is a synthesis of facts and well-tested hypotheses. 7 In everyday speech, a theory is the same as a hypothesis—a statement that hasn’t been tested. 8 Theories grow stronger and more precise as they evolve to include new information. 9 The term supernatural literally means “above nature.” Science works within nature, not above it. 10 They rely on subjective personal experience and do not lead to testable hypotheses. They lie outside...
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...Chemistry Modern Analytical Chemistry David Harvey DePauw University Boston Burr Ridge, IL Dubuque, IA Madison, WI New York San Francisco St. Louis Bangkok Bogotá Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi Seoul Singapore Sydney Taipei Toronto McGraw-Hill Higher Education A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies MODERN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Copyright © 2000 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 KGP/KGP 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ISBN 0–07–237547–7 Vice president and editorial director: Kevin T. Kane Publisher: James M. Smith Sponsoring editor: Kent A. Peterson Editorial assistant: Jennifer L. Bensink Developmental editor: Shirley R. Oberbroeckling Senior marketing manager: Martin J. Lange Senior project manager: Jayne Klein Production supervisor: Laura Fuller Coordinator of freelance design: Michelle D. Whitaker Senior photo research coordinator: Lori Hancock Senior supplement coordinator: Audrey A. Reiter Compositor: Shepherd, Inc. Typeface: 10/12 Minion Printer: Quebecor Printing Book Group/Kingsport Freelance cover/interior designer: Elise Lansdon Cover image: © George Diebold/The...
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