...INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Definition of international business International business involves commercial activities that cross national frontiers. It concerns the international movement of goods, capital, services, employees and technology; importing and exporting; cross-border transactions in intellectual property (patents, trademarks, know-how, copyright materials, etc.) via licensing and franchising; investments in physical and financial assets in foreign countries; contract manufacture or assembly of goods abroad for local sale or for export to other nations; buying and selling in foreign countries; the establishment of foreign warehousing and distribution systems; and the import to one foreign country of goods from a second foreign country for subsequent local sale. All the basic tools and concepts of domestic business management are relevant to international business (for information on these see the M & E text Management). However, special problems arise in international business not normally experienced when trading or manufacturing at home. In particular: * Deals might have to be transacted in foreign languages and under foreign laws, customs and regulations. * Information on foreign countries needed by a particular firm may be difficult (perhaps impossible) to obtain. * Foreign currency transactions will be necessary. Exchange rate variations can be very wide and create many problems for international business. * Numerous cultural...
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...MT&O 2 Organization Theory and Design - Richard L. Daft Organization Theory and Design Richard L. Daft LEESTOETS 1 ....................................................................................................................................... 2 PAGE 3 – 31: ORGANIZATIONS AND ORGANIZATION THEORY ............................................................... 2 PAGE 161 – 173: BUREAUCRACY AND AUTHORITY .............................................................................. 3 PAGE 201 – 220: ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE ...................................................................................... 4 PAGE 441 – 461: POWER AND POLITICS ................................................................................................ 4 LEESTOETS 2 ....................................................................................................................................... 6 PAGE 58 – 69: EFFECTIVENESS ............................................................................................................. 6 PAGE 81 – 106: ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................ 7 PAGE 119 – 149: TECHNOLOGY ............................................................................................................ 7 PAGE 201 – 233: STRUCTURE (ZIE LEESTOETS 1).................................................................................. 8 PAGE 249 – 258: STRUCTURE ..................
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...Learning Style Studies on Learning Style and Teaching Style Studies on Co-operative Learning Studies on Co-operative Learning and Mathematics Conclusion CHAPTER III REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Review of related literature plays a significant role in any type of research work. It allows the researcher to acquaint oneself with current knowledge in the field in which the research is being done. The availability and utilisation of adequate sources or related information enables the investigator to complete the research fruitfully and thus make unique contribution in the field of education with special focus on the method of instruction, learner variables, etc. For many years, educators and researchers have debated on the different variables which influenced student achievement. Decades of research in education suggest that students utilise individual learning styles (Felder, 1996). Instruction should therefore be multifaceted to accommodate the variety of learning styles. The literature in support of this assertion is vast and includes textbooks, learning style inventories and resources for classroom implementation (Dunn & Dunn, 1993). Though research in education and applied psychology has produced a number of insights into how students think and learn, the resulting impact on actual classroom instruction is uneven and unpredictable. Therefore, an attempt has been made here to review the literature and studies related to the topic “Effectiveness of...
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...Chapter 8 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages or using licensing as a market entry tool? Give examples of companies from different countries that use licensing as a global marketing strategy. Licensing: Advantages: • Low cost entry alternative • Allows licensor to circumvent tariffs, quotas, or similar export barriers • Limits political risk and risk of expropriation • Provides additional profitability with little initial investment • Provides method of circumventing tariffs, quotas, and other export barriers • Attractive ROI • Low costs to implement Disadvantages: • A limited form of participation; licensor generally has no control on marketing program associated with product produced under license. • Financial upside limited by royalty rate. • Licensees can become competitors. 2. The president of XYZ Manufacturing Company of Buffalo, New York, comes to you with a license offer from a company in Osaka. In return for sharing the company's patents and know-how, the Japanese company will pay a license fee of 5 percent of the ex-factory price of all products sold based on the U.S. company’s license. The president wants your advice. What would you tell him? Assuming XYZ is a small manufacturer with limited international experience, and if the picture for both market and sales (market share) potential are promising, licensing can be an attractive entry mode. Possibly entry into the Japanese market could be expedited by following this approach, especially...
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...Arnaud TEZENAS du MONTCEL / B00295190 Business Research Skills Report N°1 Arnaud TEZENAS du MONTCEL 20/03/2016 Table of contents Introduction 2 1. Effective research design 2. Qualitative research 3 3 2.1. How to choose between Qualitative and Quantitative research 2.2. Advantages of a qualitative research 3 2.4. How to create a quality survey 4 2.5. Difficulties you could meet 4 Qualitative analysis of the interview with a UWS Academics 5 3.1. Thematic research 5 3.2. Understand the interview 5 3.3. How to find themes 5 3.4. Identification of themes 4 3 2.3. How to run a qualitative survey 3 3 6 Highlight on the key findings 6 References 7 Appendix 1 8 Appendix 2 12 Appendix 3 13 Appendix 4 15 1 Introduction For this second semester, I am in charge to product a report about the qualitative research. In this report, I will give a definition as complete as possible of the qualitative research. Talk about the advantages and limits of a qualitative research. I will also run a Thematic Analysis of an interview using tools as Initial Interview Analysis, then Thematic Map and a table with the Emergent Themes. To finish this report I will discuss about the key findings of my analysis. 2 1. Effective research design The research design got an important function: Be assured that the data we have collected is in proper to the following “problem”...
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...Professor XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Course XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Date XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Hooliganism among Sport Spectators The term hooliganism is not new to anyone who has been keeping in touch with world news, especially concerning sports. The behavior of hooliganism is one that has been existent for a long time, and is very prevalent in the contemporary world. Football matches for instance have always been marred by such developments where the spectators have turned against rival spectators. In this case, the rival spectators are identified as those supporting a rival team. The violence against different team supporters have usually led to the destruction of property, injuries and in some unfortunate events, it has resulted to the loss of lives. These are issues that the world is currently facing. The entire universe has in one way or another experienced such developments especially among the sport spectators. The emergence of football as one of the most watched and supported sport has put it at the very center of hooligan activities. Many hooliganism cases reported today are from soccer matches, where fans find it hard to accept defeat. The fact that so many people today closely follow the sport has made it prominent, with an almost cult-like fan following. The football fans have grown enthusiastic of the sport in such a way that...
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...AP World History Survival Guide Name ________________________________ Teacher __________________________ Block _________________ Table of Contents | Pages | AP World History Overview | 3 – 7 | The AP Exam | 3 | World Regions | 4 – 5 | Five Course Themes | 6 | Four Historical Thinking Skills | 7 | Essays Overview | 8 - 15 | Document-based Question (DBQ) | 8 – 12 | Change and Continuity over Time (CCOT) | 13 – 15 | Comparative Essay | 16 – 18 | Released Free Response Questions | 19 – 20 | AP Curriculum Framework | 21 – 38 | Period 1 (Up to 600 B.C.E.)—5% | 21 – 22 | Period 2 (600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.)—15% | 23 – 25 | Period 3 (600 to 1450)—20% | 26 – 28 | Period 4 (1450 to 1750)—20% | 29 – 31 | Period 5 (1750 to 1900)—20% | 32 – 35 | Period 6 (1900 to the present)—20% | 36 – 38 | Help with Some Confusing Subjects | 39 – 43 | Chinese Dynasties | 39 | Political, Economic, and Social Systems | 40 | Religions | 41 | Primary Sources | 42 | “Must Know” Years | 43 | * Many of the guidelines in this study packet are adapted from the AP World History Course Description, developed by College Board. The AP Exam Purchasing and taking the AP World History exam are requirements of the course. This year, the AP World History exam will be administered on: ___________________________________________ Format I. Multiple...
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...AP World History Survival Guide Name ________________________________ Teacher __________________________ Block _________________ Table of Contents | Pages | AP World History Overview | 3 – 7 | The AP Exam | 3 | World Regions | 4 – 5 | Five Course Themes | 6 | Four Historical Thinking Skills | 7 | Essays Overview | 8 - 15 | Document-based Question (DBQ) | 8 – 12 | Change and Continuity over Time (CCOT) | 13 – 15 | Comparative Essay | 16 – 18 | Released Free Response Questions | 19 – 20 | AP Curriculum Framework | 21 – 38 | Period 1 (Up to 600 B.C.E.)—5% | 21 – 22 | Period 2 (600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.)—15% | 23 – 25 | Period 3 (600 to 1450)—20% | 26 – 28 | Period 4 (1450 to 1750)—20% | 29 – 31 | Period 5 (1750 to 1900)—20% | 32 – 35 | Period 6 (1900 to the present)—20% | 36 – 38 | Help with Some Confusing Subjects | 39 – 43 | Chinese Dynasties | 39 | Political, Economic, and Social Systems | 40 | Religions | 41 | Primary Sources | 42 | “Must Know” Years | 43 | * Many of the guidelines in this study packet are adapted from the AP World History Course Description, developed by College Board. The AP Exam Purchasing and taking the AP World History exam are requirements of the course. This year, the AP World History exam will be administered on: ___________________________________________ Format I. Multiple...
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...Human Resource Management Institute 23, Vijaya Kumararathunga Mawatha ( polhengoda Rd) ,Colombo 5 Sri Lanka SUBMITTED ON 24.01.2016 LO1 Understand the relationship between organizational structure and culture. Introduction What is an organization? A social unit of people that is structured and managed to meet a need to pursue collective goals. All organizations have a management structure that determines relationships between the different activities and the members, and subdivides and assigns roles, responsibilities, and authority to carry out different tasks. Organizations are open systems-they affect and are affected their environment.lhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/organization.html#ixzz3x2cpLXRR Organization behavior Organizational behavior (OB) is a term related to the study of individual and group dynamics in an organizational setting, as well as the nature of the...
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...Public Disclosure Authorized WPS5314 Policy Research Working Paper 5314 Public Disclosure Authorized Regional Trade Agreements Caroline Freund Emanuel Ornelas Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized The World Bank Development Research Group Trade and Integration Team May 2010 Policy Research Working Paper 5314 Abstract This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on regionalism. The formation of regional trade agreements has been, by far, the most popular form of reciprocal trade liberalization in the past 15 years. The discriminatory character of these agreements has raised three main concerns: that trade diversion would be rampant, because special interest groups would induce governments to form the most distortionary agreements; that broader external trade liberalization would stall or reverse; and that multilateralism could be undermined. Theoretically, all of these concerns are legitimate, although there are also several theoretical arguments that oppose them. Empirically, neither widespread trade diversion nor stalled external liberalization has materialized, while the undermining of multilateralism has not been properly tested. There are also several aspects of regionalism that have received too little attention from researchers, but which are central to understanding its causes and consequences. This paper—a product of the Trade and Integration Team, Development Research Group—is part of a larger effort in...
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...STRATEGIC ALLIANCES IN THE GLOBAL AIRLINE INDUSTRY Abhishek Goel1 Abstract Strategic alliances are common to any industry. Their presence is felt quite significantly in the airline industry. Starting in the US in 1978 deregulation of airline industry has since brought about sea changes in functioning of the industry. This paper attempts to understand the developments and strategic alliances that have occurred in the airline industry since deregulation. These strategic alliances exist in various forms and differ widely in scope and no consensus on classification was found. The advantages and disadvantages of strategic alliances with respect to the airline industry have been discussed. It is felt that the industry is getting increasingly concentrated. However, no conclusive remarks can be made about consumer welfare. “Airline Business Alliance Survey of 2000 reports that there are 579 alliance agreements in place, up from 280 agreements (more than double) in 1994 when the survey was first conducted. Five major alliances (Star, Oneworld, Qualiflyer, Sky Team, and Wings) account for some 60 percent of all air travel.” (Mason, 2002) The lines above make the issue important enough to understand the phenomenon that is guiding the industry. Almost a decade back Oum, Taylor and Zhang (1993) argued that the airline industry will be marked by strategic alliances and these alliances will be global in nature. The guiding factors will be several that include formation of blocs, resource scarcity...
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...Free Trade Free trade may also be called International Trade. Free Trade occurs when goods and services are traded between countries without the use of import controls. For most of the late twentieth century, the prevailing wisdom has been that free trade can lead to improvements in economic welfare in the global economy. However this has not prevented regular trade disputes between countries - often when one country feels that unfair trade practices have caused the benefits from trade to become distorted. Free trade is very important to all developed countries as there are likely to be economies of scale - when producing for larger markets (foreign markets), average costs of production will be lower. There is likely to be a wider choice of products for consumers to buy and prices are likely to be lower because of lower costs. There is likely to be more efficient use of resources because countries will specialise in producing goods and services where opportunity cost is lowest, i.e. countries will produce goods and services that they can make more efficiently. There is likely to be an increased global output of goods and services without using more inputs. Another reason for importance is there is likely to be a higher standard of living for consumers. There may be political benefits because dealing with other countries will improve relationships. Maquiladoras (Mexican factories which take in imported raw materials and produce goods for export) have become the landmark of...
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...INTERNATIONAL MARKETING CHAPTER 1 – GLOBAL MARKETING IN THE FIRM Globalization – Reflects the trends of firms buying, developing, producing and selling products and services in most countries of the world Comparison of the Global Marketing and Management style between SMEs and LSEs * Resources (Financial, Business Education) * Formation of Strategy * Organization * Risk-taking * Flexibility * Economies of Scale and Scope * Use of information sources Economies of Scope – Reusing a resource from one business in additional businesses Should the company stay home or go abroad? * Industry Globalism. Mainly determined by the international marketing environment * Preparedness for Internationalization. Dependent on the firm`s ability to carry out strategies in the international marketplace, that is the actual skills in international business operations Development of the Global Marketing concept The form of the firm´s response to global market opportunities depends greatly on the management´s assumptions and beliefs about the nature of doing business around the world: * Ethnocentric - Home country is superior and their needs are the most relevant * Polycentric (Multidomestic)- Each country is unique and should be targeted in a different way * Geocentric- The firm may offer global products but with local adaptations * Regiocentric- The firm tries to integrate its marketing programme within regions Glocalization- Development...
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...Evol. Inst. Econ. Rev. 4(1): 143–170 (2007) ARTICLE Econo-physics: A Perspective of Matching Two Sciences Yuri YEGOROV Institute for Advanced Studies, Stumpergasse 56, A-1060, Vienna, Austria, and University of Vienna, Department of Industry and Energy, Brünner Strasse, 72, A-1210, Vienna, Austria. E-mail: yegorov@ihs.ac.at Abstract The present article marks some potentially fruitful dimensions of economic research based on principles of economic theory but using more analogies with physics. Molecular structure of society with its different states, principles generating spontaneous order different from “invisible hand”, social analogies of the concepts of temperature and pressure in physics are investigated. Some analogies between phase transitions in physics and transition between different social regimes can reveal the areas of stability of liberal regimes as well as possibility of spontaneous emergence of different social orders. A possibility to expand neoclassical economics to capture Marxism and nationalism in a formal mathematical framework is also discussed. Keywords: economic structures, origin of order, econo-physics, socio-physics. 1. Introduction This article is methodological. It focuses on economic and social questions that are rarely touched by economic theorists despite their obvious importance for our understanding of economic processes in the world. No fully formalized model will be proposed here. Instead, the focus will be on interaction between...
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...Chapter 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? Learning Objectives After studying this chapter, students should be able to: 1. Demonstrate the importance of interpersonal skills in the workplace. 2. Describe the manager’s functions, roles, and skills. 3. Define organizational behavior (OB). 4. Show the value to OB of systematic study. 5. Identify the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB. 6. Demonstrate why few absolutes apply to OB. 7. Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts. 8. Compare the three levels of analysis in this book’s OB model. Instructor Resources Instructors may wish to use the following resources when presenting this chapter. Learning Catalytics Questions: Instructor Directions and Follow-Up Organizational Behavior Concept | LC Question | Instructor Directions and Follow-Up | Management skills and managerial activities | Refer to the allocation of activities by time for average, successful, and effective managers. Prioritize how you spend your time as a college student. | This is a good discussion starter on managerial activities and what is important. First, make the connection for students between activities that managers spend their time on and similar activities that college students spend their time on. Next, display results from the class and compare with the Luthans results. For example: * Traditional management = making decisions, planning...
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