...Exploratory research is the broadest and least theoreticaly-grounded of the three types of research. Essentially, you have no starting theory or hypothesis about a probem. In fact, you don't even know if there is a problem to begin with. In exploratory research, you simply start collecting information about something. It is similar to data mining, and it does not always produce results that can be useful. However, it generally gives you a better idea about something. Descriptive research is, in a way, a higher level than exploratory research, because now we actually want to know something specific in nature and we then go about collecting that information (that is, we have a known set of parameters beforehand that we want to collect data about). Say we want to collect data about NASA astronauts' characteristics and we measure their height, weight, IQ, etc.. These measurements give us a clear idea or picture aboout the astronauts. We collect specific types of data that better describe an object, a person, or some phenomenon, but we know beforehand what we want to measure. We don't have a theory yet, however. For example, we don't theorize that NASA astronauts have higher IQ's than the rest of the population because they eat more cookies (a silly theory, of course). Causal research uses data that we know we want to measure beforehand, so it is similar to descriptive research in some ways. But now we're not only collecting specific data, we want to prove (or disprove) a theory...
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...Jillian Greenwood Ms. Shelly Sanders EN 1113-03 4 September 2014 Exploratory Research Proposal Can an animal’s instinct foresee human deaths? As an aspiring veterinarian, I cherry-picked this topic because animal behavior and animal psychology both fascinate me. I’ve always wondered what races through an animal’s mind. What makes it do this and for what reason did it respond in this particular way? So with my topic, I plan to explore every aspect about how an animal can determine a human’s death. Millions of questions rambled my wondering mind, when I first researched my topic. For example, can an animal feel what humans feel, can they smell our feelings or is it just a hunch? Can the connection between man and beast be so close that an animal can determine one’s future? Why are animals so loyal? Why do they feel the need to love humans, even though when we don’t return the love? Can their actions help doctors and researchers improve their studies when dealing with sick patients or are they the clue to ground breaking research? When I was young, the superstitious old people in the neighborhood would say, “If a black cat lingers around your house someone is sick or dying” and “if a dog crawls around in a circle, he’s marking his own grave.” Where the old people’s superstitious ways correct? Do animals have their own special ways of warning us, humans, what is going to happen in the near future? For example, when a huge storm is coming, my dad’s horses will go into...
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...Exploratory research: The chief purpose of exploratory research is to reach a better understanding of the research problem. This includes helping to identify the variables which should be measured within the study. When there is little understanding of the topic it is impossible to formulate hypotheses without some exploratory studies. For example, crop residues such a straw are high in lignin (a wood-like substance) and low in nutrients. This makes them a poor animal feed since the lignin acts against digestibility and the low nutrient content means poor food value. However, if treated in a strong alkali, plus a little heat, the lignin breaks down and the nutrient content increases. A company was established to exploit this technology and did so successfully for 4 seasons. After this period sales began to slow down. Three other manufacturers had entered the market by this time. The company, Animal Feed Systems, did not know whether the whole industry had slowed down or if only their product was suffering. Nor did they know if the problem was temporary in that perhaps the market comprised of "early adopters" had been saturated but it was only a matter of time before other farmers began to buy their systems when they saw how well they worked. It was also possible that if a problem did exist it could lie in any one of a number of areas: animal populations might be declining, distributors may not be promoting the product aggressively, customers may be experiencing difficulties in...
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...University of Phoenix Material Understanding Business Research Terms and Concepts: Part 2 Which type of research design— exploratory, descriptive, or causal—is appropriate for the following examples? Explain why. • The goal of this research is to discover the real nature of the problem and to suggest new possible solutions or new ideas. Exploratory – The specific question has not been defined, the individual doing the research is still defining the question and possible answers. • A food manufacturer wants to know the demographics of people who purchase organic foods. Descriptive – One of the primary focuses of descriptive research is to estimate portions of the population that have certain characteristics. I believe that purchasing organic foods is a characteristic of some people. • A firm is considering hiring American celebrity Paris Hilton to endorse its products. Causal – The idea behind this is that a celebrity endorsement will “cause” an increase in sales. • British Airways would like to test in-flight Internet services on one of its regular flights from New York to Tokyo. The company charges $30 one week and $15 the next week. Causal – The airline is trying to see if a $15 increase or decrease in cost of service is cause for people not to purchase. If 29 people on flight A purchase service at $15, and only 3 on flight B purchase service at $30, it may show that an increase in cost is a “cause” to not purchase...
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...Definition of research design A research design refers to a master plan, blue print and even a sequence of research task activities. Research design in simple terms is a plan of methods and procedures that is used by researchers to collect and analyze data needed by the manager. They also contain clear objectives, specify information sources on which the data will be collected, the type of data, design technique, sampling methodology and budgets as well. The three types of research design are namely exploratory, descriptive and causal research design. Exploratory research design Exploratory research design is a study which is designed to find out enough about the problem to usefully formulate a hypothesis. It stems from the general problem description such as finding out how consumers make decisions about things like life insurance. Exploratory research design is used when looking for insights into the problem and also to help define hypothesis (but does not test) and key variables. It is also used to identify course of action when information needs are vague and also to establish priorities for further research. Characteristics of exploratory research design Exploratory research design is flexible and unstructured It is used for finding tentative data Used as building block for more research. For example pilot surveys, secondary data and focus groups It is done on small non representative sample Methods used Exploratory research design uses soft methods...
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...1) Client A: For Client A I would use the exploratory research as my research design. Exploratory Research entails a very informal research method, in order to gain more background information about the problem. In this case it is said “In these situations we know immediately the problem is that we don’t know what the problem is. There are many possible causes for this slippage.” After gaining their little knowledge of information they have on the cause of the market share to slip 15%, it is clear that this case would be an exploratory research. Also I would use a hypothesis in order to speculate the decline in market share in the past 12 months. Client B: For Client B I would use the Descriptive research design. Descriptive research mostly describes the answers to questions of who, what, where, when, and how. In this case Client B gives us enough information to work from. I would use the cross-sectional study. The cross-sectional study, measures in more of a large population and sample sizes. This study can be beneficial by narrowing down the time period associated with each campaign in each region, and the product category as well. Client C: For Client C I would use the Casual Research method. With Casual research, it mostly focuses on determining what will cause a change in consumer satisfaction, gain in market share, or increases in sales. In this case Client C is trying to determine what factors of their package design (size, shape, color, texture, etc.)to increase...
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...Commission. From these large numbers of mobile users maximum 34 percent people users are using Smart Phone. Persons/Customers insights or what overall influencing factors are related and their significant affect on purchasing decision of Smart Phone are to be discovered by our research. More precisely, what are the actual factors people consider before purchasing a Smart Phone is to find out through our research. However to attain this research we do not need to understand the nature and competition of the market of smart phone rather the basic things (special consideration needed at the time of purchasing smart phone by customers & users) we had brought in our consideration like price, status, design, features, brand image, warranty, which our research intends to find out by doing survey on current users. 1.2 Statement of the problem The research ultimate goal is to find out what are the significant factors that influence/affect customer purchasing decisions of smart phone. For reaching to the ultimate goal we have decided to do a survey on current users of smart phone to identify what factors influenced them to purchase smart phone and their current perception regarding smart phone. Our research will focus on the answer of following questions- • Which factor(s) influenced consumers most when purchasing...
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...that would create value in their customers’ minds. In order to do this Starbuck’s can use research methods that would give them directions needed on making their marketing decisions. The exploratory design method is used to gather information that would enable firms to see more clearly what problems there may be in their marketing strategy, gather insight on consumer behavior, eliminate unusable ideas or methods, and form new ways to market their products (QuickMBA, 1999-2010). Depth-interviews and focus groups are methods exploratory research. Descriptive Research seeks to gives clarity on the users of specific products, size of population that uses these products, and also to predict the future demand of the products (QuickMBA, 1999-2010). Before surveying consumers, the descriptive research method would first establish who, what, when, and how of the research to be done (QuickMBA, 1999-2010). This method allows for the observation of consumer behavior for things such as brand loyalty. The causal research design method looks for the cause and effect of the correlation between alternatives. This method is used to analyze or experiment on a single market segment by introducing a product only in that particular area; to get the actual response of consumers to their marketing efforts under actual marketing conditions (Schiffman & Kanuk, 2013). Other methods used of this research design are small experiments that test the responses of consumers to alternate marketing...
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...Please form Groups of 6-7 students each and email me the list by Sept 17th EOD. In the same email please also choose one of the following projects for your project work. For the project brief chosen by you, you need to do secondary/exploratory research (this may involve understanding from secondary sources of data such as analyst reports, web sources, magazines, journals etc.) on this research problem. After the exploratory work, you have to formulate few hypotheses emerging out of your exploratory study and test the hypotheses by collecting data using a survey instrument. The data can be analyzed using any of the methods we would study as part of the MM-II course. There is one final project submission deadline which is end of the Term -2, but there would be intermediate deadlines where groups would be asked to submit their interim findings and discuss with me as and when required. The deadlines are as following: 1. Submission of Group members names and choice of project: Sept 17th 2. Submission of one page proposal(containing MR problem and Research Design) on how the group would go ahead: Sept 30th 3. Submission of findings of Exploratory Study(Secondary research, in-depth interviews, FGDs etc.): October 31st 4. Submission of Survey instrument: November 15th 5. Submission of interim final report for feedback: November 30th 6. Submission of Final Report for Evaluation: December 15th Projects Project 1: Conditioners: Penetration of shampoos in India is higher...
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...Case Study 2 – Samantha Orsen Requirements: 1. Save it as “.doc” or “.pdf” format. 2. Submit it to D2L ( Dropbox ( Case Study 2 ( with file name “Case Study 2 – Your Name” Note 1: Submissions without meeting the above two requirements would not be graded. Global Motors Integrated Case 2: Determine Research Design (Refer to Chapter 4) Nick Thomas has been considering some of the issues identified in Case 3.2. He is considering different directions to take. First, he is a little concerned that most of the information on which Global Motors has based its decisions thus far is derived from either industry reports or opinions of company managers, designers, and engineers. Granted, these persons are quite knowledgeable of the automobile industry. But Nick is concerned that neither he nor the company have input from consumers. First, Nick wants some consumer feedback on the different models proposed. He would like to have some consumer input on what prospective customers think of the proposed models. Will they think they are too radically different or embrace them as the future in autos? Will they think the fuel-efficient cars are too light and less safe? Will they miss the luxury options? Nick wants a little input from consumers to give him confidence the company is on the right track with these proposed models. Second, assuming consumers believe the proposed models are appropriate, Nick wants to know the level of desirability among the U.S. car-buying public...
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...Question1: Is the methodology appropriate for the research objectives? What are the disadvantages of the sampling plan and the method of questionnaire administration? Our answer: Not exactly. Since we conclude that the methodology can be divided into two steps (exploratory research& descriptive research), we would compare the advantages and disadvantages of the two steps as below. Advantages Disadvantages Step1: exploratory research Sampling a group of restaurant employees. This step gets researchers familiar with the question and gathers information for further research. It needs expanding the methods. Researchers can do observation by disguising customers to get more real information. Step 2: descriptive research Surveying a randomly selected group of restaurant customers using the questionnaire. It can thoroughly describe the market characteristics, derive the proportion of different customers and evaluate future customers' response by analysing the data collected. It needs expanding the sample range and size. Researchers may have depth interview with 5~10 customers to get more real, detailed description. Disadvantages of the sampling plan 1) The sample range is not representative. It said the sample included randomly selected respondents on two different weekdays between the hours of 5 and 7 p.m. The customers selected at the time of "weekdays" and "hours of 5 and 7 p.m." cannot represent all the customers. They only investigated restaurant customers...
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...The most appropriate research design for our chosen problem is descriptive. Descriptive research is concerned with finding out who, what, where, when, or how much. We chose not to use exploratory research because it is more appropriate for the total study in topic areas where the developed data are limited. We also chose not to use causal research because it focuses on the effect that a variable(s) has on another (or others) or why certain outcomes are obtained. Our study’s method of data collection is communication and the researcher control of variables is the ex post facto design. Longitudinal studies are the time dimension, statistical study for the topical scope, and field conditions for the research environment are most appropriate for our organizational problem. What data collection instrument(s) will be used? Survey? Interview? There are two methods of research in which we are preparing to use. One method of research is the observation method and the other is the focus group method. Both methods are an excellent choice when trying to take control of the losses of a business do to theft. The observation method which is sometime referred to as the field method will give Bloomingdale’s loss prevention team the ability to observer and gather first hand information from the loss prevention team on the behaviors of its employees’ theft problems and issues as well as the consumers. The biggest advantage of this method is that is gives the loss prevention teams an opportunity...
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...CO-OP. BANK COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION UDHNA (SUART) March 2007 1 THE SURAT PEOPLE’S CO-OP. BANK COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION CERTIFICATE OF THE FACULTY GUIDE This is to certify that the project entitled “A STUDY ON CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR AT TIME TO PURCHASE HERO HONDA BIKE. Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION TO SOUTH GUJURAT UNIVERSITY, SURAT is a record of bonafide research work carried out by TARANG P PATIL under my supervision and guidance. Signature Project Guide (Prof .H.D.Patel) Signature Co-Ordinator (MRS. DAISY S.T) DECLARATION 2 I , TARANG P PATIL , here by declare that the project report entitled “A STUDY ON CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR AT TIME TO PURCHASE HERO HONDA BIKE. under the guidance of Prof H. D. PATEL submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor of business administration to south Gujarat university , Surat is my original Work - research study - carried out during 1st January, 2008 to 1st March ,2008 and not submitted for any other degree/ diploma/ fellowship or other similar titles or prizes to any other institute or university by any other person. Place: udhna Date: signature TARANG PATIL .P. ROLL NO. 23 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3 This is the pleasure movement for me to explicate my energized intelligence. Thanks to Co-Coordinator Prof S.Z. daisy and to my guide prof. H.D.Patel from the...
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... INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS VOL 4, NO 2 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY WOMEN IN EDUCATION SECTOR OF BAHAWALPUR. Owais Shafique (Corresponding author) Department of Management Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Faiza Anwar, Sahaab Akbar, Uroosa Akhtar Khan Department of Management Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Abstract As we all know that education is crucial in the development of any country. The main focus of this research is to identify the problems faced by working women in education sector. We discovered that most of the parents and certain relatives are supportive towards their daughter serving in the education sector. All our respondents strongly believed that the married women face greater challenges than unmarried women. Although their husbands are co-operative but there children are prominently neglected. Despite the supportive attitude of their parents unmarried women still face challenges like transportation and managing time between personal and social life. Most of the respondents, married or unmarried, believed that their salary and promotion system is not satisfactory for which they blame “Favouritism ”. In spite of all the facts, our research concludes that the education sector of Bahawalpur for female teacher is fairly good. Keywords: Women, Education Sector, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. 1. Introduction Research is one of the most important methods to find...
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...北京奥运会珠峰火炬手心理研究 作者： 作者单位： 刊名： 英文刊名： 年，卷(期)： 引用次数： 游茂林， 董范， 周云 中国地质大学体育部,武汉,430074 体育文化导刊 SPORTS CULTURE GUIDE 2010，""(4) 0次 参考文献(8条) 1.Lorraine S.Lanier,Gayle Privette,Steve Vodanovich,Charles M.Bundrick.Peak Experiences:Lasting Consequences and Breadth of Occurrences Among Realtors,Artists,and a Comparison Group[J].Journal of Social Behavior and Personality,1996,Vol.11,No.4:781～791. 2.Patrick J.Cohn.An Exploratory Study on Peak Performance in Golf[J].The Sport Psychologist,1991(5):1～14. 3.Terry Orlick,John Partington.Mental Links to Excellence[J].The Sport Psychologist,1988(2):105～130. 4.Daniel B.Hollander,Edmund O.Acevedo.Successful English Channel Swimming:The Peak Experience[J].The Sport Psychologist,2000(14):1～16. 5.王斌,马红宇,侯斌.对张健成功横渡渤海海峡顶峰体验的研究[J].体育科学,2002,22(1):15～17. 6.李艳华.马斯洛z理论对竞技体育的一点解释和分析[J].北京体育大学学报,2008,3l(4):510～512. 7.北京奥运火炬接力珠峰传递专刊[J].山野,2008(8). 8.北京2008年奥运会火炬接力官方网站 [EB/OL].http://torchrelay.beijing2008.cn/cn/ceremonies/qomolangma/. 相似文献(5条) 1.期刊论文 徐南强.XU Nan-qiang 现代教练员掌握金牌技艺的研究 -南京体育学院学报（自然科学版）2007,6(2) 在当今体育科技发展的进程中,人们呼唤科学训练,因为奥林匹克水平的比赛,运动员的心理起到决定性的作用.教练员对运动心理学的需求不断加强 ,运动心理学将成为教练员重要的金牌技艺.在对教练员的训练观念研究后,提出教练员学习运动心理学的原则、方法和重点,以及学习训练的主要途径,指 导教练员学习运用心理学的知识、技能和方法,提高科学训练水平. 2.期刊论文 程丽平.徐建华 美国运动心理咨询师奥运会心理服务分析 -体育文化导刊2009,""(11) 在奥运会比赛前和比赛过程中,运动心理咨询师在给运动员和教练员提供运动心理服务的过程中会遇到许多与体育伦理相关的问题.与传统的运动心 理咨询服务相比,这些问题有扩大化趋势,要求运动心理咨询师在工作的任何时候都要注意伦理道德行为.美国奥林匹克委员会委任的运动心理咨询师面临 的一些体育伦理问题,主要包括:奥运会延长了随队长途旅行的时间;工作中各种关系复杂化;与奥运会相关问题的媒体应对:团队认同;多队同时服务;运动 心理咨询师自身照顾等问题. 3.期刊论文...
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