...purpose of the current paper is to critically review the contributions that two of these studies have made to our understanding of societal perceptions, social support and how it affects breastfeeding attitudes and outcomes. (Kronborg and Vaeth 2004) Defined Social support as the mother's perceptions in relation to the support she receives from peers, family and the society at large. The first paper to be reviewed is written by (Leeming et al. 2013) and entitled 'Socially sensitive lactation: Exploring the social context of breastfeeding'. The second paper is written by (Scott et al. 2015) and entitled 'A comparison of maternal attitudes to breast feeding in public and the association with breastfeeding duration in four European countries: Results of a cohort study. The current paper will summarise the arguments, review the subject matter in both papers and compare and contrast the different methodological approaches taken by the authors with comments on the appropriateness of each method chosen. It concludes by a justified opinion of the subject. (Li et al. 2008), stated that discomfort with the idea of breastfeeding is one of the concerns for some women choosing not to breastfeed or incorporating shorter duration of breastfeeding (Stuebe and Bonuck 2011). Decades of research confirm the benefits of breastfeeding for infants and for maternal health (Cricco 2007) (Tarrant, Dodgson and Wu 2014) (Ingram et al. 2008). 1.1 ARGUMENTS (Leeming et al. 2013) Main argument simply stated...
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...understand the discourse of academic writing and reading. This paper seeks to highlight the basic information of each lecture a student should expect while undertaking this module. Additionally, this paper will note some key points from each seminar and try to define some concepts pertained therefof. Lecture 1 This lecture is aimed at helping a student to understand the significance of social research and why it matters. A learner will understand that a research method is a technical subject that encompasses its own language and this language ought to be utilized in precise way. In this course, the precise meaning of technical terms ought to be learned and then applied carefully, more so in undertaking examinations. A student of social science, a learner will be familiar with the idea of sociology as multi-paradigm discipline. Debates and controversies aside, the main divide in social research has been about the philosophical basis of sociological research and the right choice of social research methods. For instance, a learner will undertake to understand the divide between positivists and anti-positivists. The lecture will prove to be critical to a student to understanding the wider role of social research to the society. It will come out clear how most of various day-to-day activities depend on social research. The lecture will for instance...
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...Table of content: 1. Title……………………………………………………….3 2. Introduction …………………………………..……..…….3 2.1. Aims of Research…………………………….…3 2.2. Research Objective…………………………..….4 3. Research Question……………………………………..…4 4. Hypothesis of the study………………………………..…5 5. Literature Review……………………………………..….5 6. Research Strategy and Methodology………………….….7 6.1. Primary data research method………………………….…7 6.2. Secondary data research method………………………….7 6.3. Research Approach……………………………………..…8 6.4. Literature survey…………...…………………………...…8 6.5. Data collection and sampling…………………………...…8 For primary data research………………….……8 For secondary data research………………….……9 6.6. Data Analysis………………………………………………9 7. Logistical and ethical consideration……………………9 8. Proposed Outcomes……………………………………...10 9. Planned timetable for completing dissertation……….....10 10. References ……………………………………………….11 11. Appendix…………………………………………………12 1. Title: Advertisement and its impacts on consumer buying behaviour; In case of Dominos Pizza Company. 2. Introductions: Advertisement plays a vital role in the business of any organisation. This is simply the medium of communication and delivering paid message from an organisation to customers regarding their products. Also, it is the strategy of a company for the promotion of product by gaining the attention of consumers towards itself and sometimes recalling the product in customer’s mind. Today, most of the products come with the advertisement and...
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...Qualitative Method Introduction Organizations are human systems. As such, each member of the system brings to bear the full range of psychological and emotional behavior while also applying themselves to their work which is highly prescriptive and presumably rational. Because of this, human systems experience high levels of inefficiency as emotions, personality, and unconscious impulses interfere with the objectivity and logical processes at work. This study emphasizes on understanding how real estate agents performance is influenced by their emotional behavior or psychological range. The things that realtors consider rewarding to them are likely a reflection or connection of their emotional behavior. Bossidy and Charan (2002) pointed out...
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...PROPOSED TOPIC: Examining the influence of Brand Image on consumer buying behaviour. The Case of Apple I-PHONE in the UK. INTRODUCTION OF TOPIC: Nowadays firms in all segments are probing for a new foundation of sustaining competitive advantage because the competition in the marketplace is getting more rigorous. However brand image has stand as one of the powerful tool of gaining comparative advantage. It is certain that firms with powerful brand image make a momentous progress in the marketplace. A strong brand will project a picture of superiority of a firm’s product or service. Apple Inc is an American multinational corporation that market and design personal computers, electronics and computer software. Apple Inc was founded in April 1976 in Cupertino California by the late Steve Jobs. Apple Inc is the largest technology company in the word by profit and revenue. Apple Inc has built a reputation as a consistent and trustworthy electronic company. Apple aspires to become the world leader in electronics, computer software and personal computer. RATIONALE FOR THE TOPIC: The rationale for my topic holds on the fact that brand is becoming the tool for absolute advantage for business in the twenty-first century. It is a challenge for organisation to survive in the constant and fierce battle of brands in the wallets, heart and mind of consumers. Though this study was premeditated for a course work, it will go beyond the purpose, the result of this study will assist existing...
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...number of different ways, but one area of focus is through the authentication process and the related hardware and software to go along with it. Identification and Authentication Authentication is the process of the system or program recognizing the user and granting them access, which has been predetermined by access controls. It begins with two major parts; Identification and Authentication. Identification is the process in which the system recognizes the user and gives them access according to Abstract object that are controlled by the administrators of the files and systems. Privileges will be granted based on their user account having been verified. This process is usually a user ID. The system recognized the ID and knows the access right and privileges of that individual that have been verified. The Authentication begins once the user account ID has been identified. This is the process in which the user credentials are actually verified, meaning the specific attributes of their specific user account and authenticated and verified to make sure the access rights are correct. This process uses a password or some sort of credential such as, a PIN, Certificate, or ticket. The system needs to authenticate the identity of the user by verifying their credentials. (Todorov, 2011). Authentication can be completed by a system in many different ways. As explained earlier, a simple password or form of identifying the person specifically is used a front line authentication method. This...
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...methodology is utilized to collect the required data in similar business problems. Quantitative is used to help understand the attitudes of the employees at a company in India, while the qualitative methodology is used to obtain an in-depth understanding of employee business awareness. In the research article entitled, “What makes employees stay?: Exploring the dimensions in context of urban-centric business process outsourcing industry in India”, the author attempts to show why the current employees of the company choose to stay, helping overall retention. The author explains that the approach being used to collect the data will consist of a questionnaire or survey, by a large group of employees. This questionnaire measured the employees’ attitudes towards the “importance of the factors responsible for their sustenance in the organization” (Santoshi, 2013). While a questionnaire would be utilized to aid in the main data analysis, a telephonic interview would also be incorporated to help substantiate the data gathered. During this questionnaire process, simple random sampling would be used to gather data in order to minimize bias while also simplifying results. This particular article possesses the attributes of a quantitative research design in that it attempts to measure attitude and emotion of a large sample group in order to help management gain an understanding of what is making employees stay in the company. This method was utilized due to the efficiency and cost...
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...watchful eye of foster care systems are of particular interest to study as they require directed attention and a focused approach to bring about positive reflection of care and education. This is often due to circumstances and factors well beyond the fault of the child but which may tend to cause certain behaviors and ideas worthy of consideration of behavioral and child development researchers. In researching such instances it is vital that researchers consider all avenues by which pertinent information may be obtained. The foster care provider offers a wealth of insight into the child’s behavior and attitude and may serve as an excellent resource for study. It was with this idea that Nikki Luke and Robin Banerjee set out to collect qualitative data regarding the social understanding and empathy of maltreated children residing under the care of foster parents. The article Maltreated Children’s Social Understanding and Empathy: A Preliminary Exploration of Foster Carers’ Perspectives explores the underlying cause and effect of earlier parental abuse and neglect adversely impacting the development of children’s social relationships and self-perceptions as observed by foster parents and, in doing so, offers insight for...
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...Introduction to Statistics 1-1 Review and Preview * Data – are collections of observations, such as measurements, genders, or survey responses. (A single data is a called a datum, a term that does nog see very much use.) * Statistics – is the science of planning studies and experiments; obtaining data; and then organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing, and interpreting those data and then drawing conclusion based on them. * Population – is the complete collection of all measurements or data that are being considered. * Census – is the collection of data from every member of the population. * Sample – is a sub-collection of members selected from a population Statistics Cheat Sheet Chapter 2 – Summarizing and Graphing Data Section 2-1: Review and Preview * Characteristics of Data * 1. Center: A representative value that indicates where the middle of the data set is located. * 2. Variation: A measure of the amount that the data values very. * 3. Distribution: The nature or shape of the spread of the data over the range of values (such as bell-shaped). * 4. Outliners: Sample values that lie very far away from the vast majority of the other sample values. * 5. Time: Any change in the characteristics of the data over time. * Study Hint: Blind memorization is not effective in remembering information. To remember the above characteristics of data, it may be helpful to use a memory device (or mnemonic)...
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...Team Research Project Human Resource Management Prepared for Professor Steven Cates GB520 Strategic Human Resources Management Prepared by Team E: Brenda Thompson Tiffany Weston Andrew Zimmerman June 12, 2012 Walgreens is the largest pharmacy chain in the continental United States. The company is made up of over 8,000+ store locations, and is still growing. With a workforce of around 176,000 people spreading from the store level, to distribution centers, to corporate headquarters, Walgreens is a fairly significant presence. Because of the growth and vastness of Walgreens, a fairly significant and active human resource presence is needed to keep things running smoothly and that typically is handled by the store manager and fielded upwards in the chain as it becomes more complex. A Walgreens Store manager is typically in charge of all aspects of successfully running a profitable business. Those responsibilities include all of the obvious aspects duties such as maintaining and replenishing inventory and merchandising for profit and simultaneously provide excellent...
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...Exploring open kitchens’ impact on restaurateurs’ cleanliness perceptions SUMMARY Food safety is an important health issue. Consuming contaminated food or beverages can result in illness or death. Approximately 5,000 deaths occur from food-borne illnesses every year. There are many preventative measures that can be taken at home and in restaurants to avoid potentially hazardous foods. It is a discipline describing handling, preparation, and storage of food in ways that prevent foodborne illness. This includes a number of routines that should be followed to avoid potentially severe health hazards. The tracks within this line of thought are safety between industry and the market and then between the market and the consumer. In considering industry to market practices, food safety considerations include the origins of food including the practices relating to food labelling, food hygiene, food additives and pesticide residues, as well as guidelines for the management of governmental import and export inspection and certification systems for foods. In considering market to consumer practices, the usual thought is that food ought to be safe in the market and the concern is safe delivery and preparation of the food for the consumer. This study seeks to add knowledge in this area, studying restaurant operators’ perceptions of open and closed kitchens. Using semi-structured, face-to-face interviews, 20 restaurant managers and...
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...INTRODUCTION This essay is a critique based on a pilot study carried out on ‘patient stories of living with a pressure ulcer’ and I will be using Caldwell, K. et al. (2005) as a structured research framework to carryout the evaluation on this study. First and foremost a definition of what research, (nursing research in particular) and research critique entails will give a greater understanding of what this essay aims at addressing. On one hand, Polit and Beck (2006, p4), defined research as a systematic inquiry that uses disciplined methods to answer questions or solve problems, while on the other hand they define nursing research as a systematic inquiry designed to develop knowledge about issues of importance to nurses, including nursing practice, nursing education and nursing administration. The importance of having research carried out in the nursing field can only be emphasised as it is the key element in generating and guaranteeing evidence to guide nursing practice and improvements to care and quality of life of both clients and service users as claimed by Polit and Beck (2006, p4). However once the research is undertaken and published, great emphasis is placed in finding out or identifying the strengths and weaknesses through critique. Polgar and Thomas (2000), point out that critiquing research entails identifying the strengths and weaknesses of research publications to ensure that patients/clients receive assessments and treatment based on the best available evidence...
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...title of the study, the abstract, the literature review, the method and design and the data collection section of the study. To conclude this assignment there will a brief summary. A qualitative research approach seeks to understand humans by exploring their experiences, attitudes and behaviour (Dawson, 2009). It relies on methods that allow the researcher into the personal, intimate and private world of the participants (Polgar and Thomas, 2008). Qualitative research designs allow for in-depth assessments and the opportunity to put participant’s responses in context (Parahoo, 2006). Data collection methods include in-depth interviews, observations, recordings and other documentation (Parahoo, 2006). In qualitative research the hypotheses are generated during data collection and analysis, and measurement tends to be subjective (Parahoo, 2006). The flexibility in the nature of qualitative exploration also applies to the size of the samples and the sampling techniques (Parahoo, 2006). According to Polit (2010) qualitative research is based on the quality of data collected rather than quantity of participants involved, the sample size in a qualitative study tends to be smaller than in a quantitative study where sample sizes tend to be larger (Gerrish, 2010). There are four common approaches in qualitative research ethnography, phenomenology, discourse analysis and grounded theory (Parahoo, 2006) and these all take different positions...
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...UNIVERSITY OF WEST LONDON UNIVERSITY OF WEST LONDON LONDON SCHOOL OF HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM LONDON SCHOOL OF HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM MODULE TITLE: SALES AND MARKETING FOR TOURISM, HOSPITALITY & LEISURE MODULE CODE TH50040E SUBMITTED TO: ERIC OHALLERAN SUBMITTED BY: RUPANDEEP KAUR STUDENT ID 21093387 Under the marketing research, customers and their needs and wants are main foci because marketing is all about individuals involving in it and is exchange process. It is social phenomenon that creates awareness among the customers about the products and services according to the needs and wants of customers (Kotler, 1995). The main motive of marketing research is to approach large number of customers and this can be achieved by satisfying their needs and wants. Marketing- an exchange process SALES AND PRODUCTS Seller Manufacturer Producer Seller Manufacturer Producer Customer Buyer Consumer Customer Buyer Consumer PAYMENTS Customer is that individual who has ability to buy and consume the goods and services. A customer is someone who gives something valuable to the company in the monetary form in return for something he gets from the company in form of goods (Blythe, 2008). Customers can be of two types; internal as well as external. An internal customer is someone who gets value from the company (Salary, payment etc.) and gives valuable service in return...
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...Qualitative Research Defining and Designing 1 8 T he qualitative research methods introduced in this book are often employed to answer the whys and hows of human behavior, opinion, and experience— information that is difficult to obtain through more quantitatively-oriented methods of data collection. Researchers and practitioners in fields as diverse as anthropology, education, nursing, psychology, sociology, and marketing regularly use qualitative methods to address questions about people’s ways of organizing, relating to, and interacting with the world. Despite the interdisciplinary recognition of the value of “qualitative research” (or perhaps because of it), qualitative research is not a unified field of theory and practice. On the contrary, a plethora of viewpoints, sometimes diametrically opposed to one another, exist on the subject. Scholars regularly debate about what qualitative research is, how and why it should be conducted, how it should be analyzed, and in what form it should be presented. In fact, fundamental and often heated disagreements about philosophical assumptions and the nature of data exist among qualitative researchers. We don’t pretend to be able to solve any of these controversies. Nor do we suggest one approach or viewpoint is superior to another in the grand scheme of things. How one approaches qualitative research, and research in general, depends on a variety of personal, professional, political, and contextual factors. Ultimately, there...
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