...Operations Management, Marketing Management Submitted to: Prof. Christopher Malanum Submitted by: Acuna, Charzel R. Alcoran, Rachelle Anne K. Aquino, Patricia Mae Ann E. AUGUST 2015 Part 1: Channels of Distributions Channels of Distribution Few producers sell their goods directly to final users. Instead, most use intermediaries to bring their products to market. According to Philip Kotler, distribution channel is a set of interdependent organizations that help make a product or service available for use or consumptions by consumer or business user. Here are some definitions from different websites: Goods and services often pass to consumers through multiple channels. While increasing the number of ways in which a consumer can find a good has the potential to increase sales, it also creates a complex system that can make distribution management difficult. In addition, the longer the distribution channel the less profit a product manufacturer might get from the sale. (Distribution Channel Definition| Investopedia http://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/distribution-channel.asp#ixzz3jhyoJ8Pg) The path through which goods and services travel from the vendor to the consumer or payments for those products travel from the consumer to the vendor. A distribution channel can be as short as a direct transaction from the vendor to the consumer, or may include several interconnected intermediaries along the way such as wholesalers, distributers, agents and retailers. Each intermediary receives the...
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...opportunities to provide evidence against the following criteria. Indicate the page numbers where the evidence can be found. | Assessment criteria | Expected evidence | Task no. | Assessor’s Feedback | LO 3. Understand individual elements of the extended marketing mix | 3.1 explain how products are developed to sustain competitive advantage | - Explain what is product, propose your new product - Explain what is competitive advantage and describe your company’s competitive advantage- Explain how the new product is developed to sustain your company’s competitive advantages. | 2.1 | | 3.2 explain how distribution is arranged to provide customer convenience | - Explain what is distribution. Describe your distribution strategy for the new product- Explain what is customer convenience- Explain how your distribution strategy is arranged to provide customer convinience. | 2.2 | | 3.3 explain how prices are set to reflect an organisation’s objectives and market conditions | - Explain what is pricing strategy and describe your pricing strategy for the new product- Describe your company’s objectives for the product, and current marketing conditions- Explain how your price reflect the company’s objectives and market...
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...and groups obtain what they need and want through creating, offering, and freely exchanging products and services of value with others. Core marketing concepts: 1. Needs, wants, & demands : Needs : Basic human requirements (Air, water, food, clothing, and shelter ) Wants : Needs directed to specific objects that might satisfy the need (Shaped by society ) Demands :Wants for specific products backed by an ability to pay (Necessity to measure how many people are able buy a company’s products ) Offerings & brands Companies address customer needs through a value. Proposition: Set of benefits that satisfy customer needs. Offerings: Physical representation of those benefits. Brands: Offering from a known source, a brand’s name carries many associations in people’s mind that makes up its image. 2. 3. Value & satisfaction Value: sum of tangible and intangible benefits and costs to a customer (perceived value increases with the quality and services) Satisfaction: A person’s judgment of a product’s perceived performance in relationship to his expectations. 4. Exchanges & relationships Exchange: The act of obtaining a desired object from someone by offering something in return. (= ONE sale, to ONE customer) Relationship: several exchanges with several customer = the goal. Relationships are built through delivering value and satisfaction. The marketing process: 1- Analyzing the environment (consumers, macro-environment, competition, distributors) 2- Developing...
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... Combination of products, services, information or experiences offered to a market to satisfy a need or want * Marketing myopia: mistake of sellers paying more attention to the specific products offered by a company rather than to the benefits and experiences produced by these products ~ focus on existing wants and lose sight of the underlying needs * Value and satisfaction * Satisfied customers will make repeated purchases and tell others about their good experience * Dissatisfied customers will switch to competitors and disparage the product to others * Exchanges and relationships * Exchange: act of obtaining a desired object from someone by offering something in return * Markets * Set of all actual and potential buyers of a product or service * Managing markets to bring about profitable customer relationship * Depends on own actions as well as entire system that serves the final customers *...
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...INTRODUCTION The most important thing for most of business company is an understanding their successful performance among the other competitors in market place. For some parties, like shareholders, it is essential for company to make a profit and gain above-average returns. In this assignment, we will discuss furthermore about Nestlé’s external environment in all aspects such as their general environment, industry environment, competitive environment, and scan the opportunities and threats of the company. And also we are going to explain briefly about their internal environment includes their resources, type of their resources, company’s capabilities, evaluate their core competencies and so on. PROFILE OF THE COMPANY Nestlé with headquarters in Vevey, Switzerland was founded in 1866 by Henri Nestlé and is today the world's biggest food and beverage company. Sales at the end of 2004 were CHF 87 bn, with a net profit of CHF 6.7 bn. We employ around 247,000 people and have factories or operations in almost every country in the world. The Company's strategy is guided by several fundamental principles. Nestlé's existing products grow through innovation and renovation while maintaining a balance in geographic activities and product lines. Long-term potential is never sacrificed for short-term performance. The Company's priority is to bring the best and most relevant products to people, wherever they are, whatever their needs, throughout their lives...
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...adult Perks seem to be targeted young people as made out from commercial. Perks formulation is slightly different from that of Kitkat. It had few ingredient other than wafers and also position as a snack food. Recently Cadbury has reposition a number of it’s brands like “Dairy Milk”, “5Stars”, “Gems” and festival offer; as it evident from various print and electronics commercial ads. 1. Comment on the segments chosen by these brands of Cadbury and Nestle and suggest their segmentation and positioning parameters. 2. Suggest appropriate marketing promotion strategies, other than advertising in case of promoting this brand to appropriate segments in tune with consumer behavioral patterns. strategy base on consumer behaviours Introduction All marketing...
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...and importance – Consumer buying process – Determinants and theories of consumer behaviour – Psychological, sociological determinants – Theories and their relevance to marketing. Marketing Research: Meaning – Objectives – Procedure. UNIT 3 Product Mix Management: Product planning and development – Meaning and process – Test marketing – Product failures – Product life cycles – Meaning and Stages – Strategies – Meaning PLC. Product-Market Integration: Strategies – Product positioning – Diversification – Product line simplification –Planned obsolescence – Branding Policies and Strategies – Packing. UNIT 4 Price Mix Management: Pricing and pricing policies – Objectives – Procedures – Methods of price fixing – Administered and regulated prices – Pricing and product life cycle – Government control of pricing. UNIT 5 Physical Distribution Mix: Distribution channel policy – Choice of channel – Channel management – Conflict and cooperation in channels – Middlemen functions. UNIT 6 Promotional Mix: Personal selling vs impersonal selling – Personal selling – Process – Steps in selling – Management of sales force – Recruitment and selection – Training – Compensation plans – Evaluation of performance – Advertising – Importance – Objectives – Media planning and selection – Factors influencing selection – Advertisement copy – Layout – Evaluation of advertising –...
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...provide you the foundations of Marketing whether you intend to work in field of the marketing or not. Marketing is part of all of our lives and touches us in some way every day. To be successful each company that deals with customers on a daily basis must not only be customer-driven, but customer-obsessed. The best way to achieve this objective is to develop a sound marketing function within the organization. To be understandable and lively means that we need to communicate you. We start every chapter with learning objectives. The most important thing you will get out of this course is the basic skills required to succeed in today’s competitive environment. Marketing is defined as a social and managerial process by which, individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others. Marketing is a key factor to business success. The marketing function not only deals with the production and distribution of products and services, but it also is concerned with the ethical and social responsibility functions found in the domestic and global environment. Introduction of Marketing What image comes to mind when you hear the word “marketing”? Some people think of advertisements or brochures, while others think of public relations (for instance, arranging for clients to appear on TV talk shows). The truth is, all of these—and many more things—make up the field of marketing. The Knowledge Exchange Business Encyclopedia defines marketing...
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...Introductory Marketing Place Chapter 11 Armstrong/ Kotler Marketing: An Introduction Marketing Channels and Supply Chain Management I. The Nature of Distribution Channels Channels of Distribution is known as "Place" in the "4 P's" model of Marketing. Distribution Channels provide the utility of place, of having products where the customer wants when the customer wants them. In these days of customer focus and emphasis on competition, the 4 P's model is considered very simplistic, and I've always thought that was probably why Marketers began referring to Place as Channels, to move us away from "The "4 P's" as a description of all of what Marketing is about; nevertheless, "place" is a convenient way to think of the term Channels of Distribution. |Distribution is particularly important in a country |[pic] | |like Canada with our huge size and our northern | | |climate. Every spring, trucks go down through the ice | | |in places where frozen water is used as a seasonal | | |road; this truck is sinking in Lake Winnipeg. | | |[pic] ...
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...______________________ ___________________ EXTERNAL MODERATOR SIGNATURE AND DATE DEDICATION GOD, Late MAA, OYEKEMI and TENIOLA. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In preparing this research project, the researcher received valuable advice and ideas from well-meaning people, which made the work, saw the light of the day. First, my gratitude goes to Almighty God for giving me life and strength to come up this stage. My gratitude also goes to members of staff of the department of Management and accounting, O.A.U, with special reference to my supervisor, Prof. Mrs. E.D Adetayo and Prof. J.O Adetayo for their assistance. Dr. Gbenga Fasiku of the Department of philosophy, O.A.U for his valuable advice and input. To all my friends and classmates among whom are Mr. Dele Adediji, Mr. Clement Owa, and Mr. Remi. Thanks for the academic interactions and discussions...
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...becoming very complex but fast. To achieve any objective now, people have to be fast and managed themselves very quickly within the limited resources. Specially, throughout the business one has to accomplish unique outcomes with limited resources under critical time constraints. Beside this, we have to remember that Bangladesh is an under developed country. People here face too many constraints. The business people here also face too many barriers to lead their organization with the consistent of country’s economical, political, and other situations. So, to carry on the business companies have to undertake competitive business strategy. Among them ‘pricing strategy’ is most influential strategy for any business. We can mention ‘pricing strategy’ is the heart of overall business strategy of DANO milk powder. On the other hand, at the very beginning of job, I was working actually with the marketing strategy (pricing policy, Distribution & Logistics policy) of DANO milk Powder. So, in this report I have prefaced all possible factors related with marketing, financing, economy, production (Packaging) etc. As Arla Foods Ingredients, Bangladesh can get actual picture of milk powder market and also can get real orientation about pricing policy as well as other policy. So far, I have tried to give a target from product market to reach it to final buyers. In the report, I have put up a proposal about DANO milk powder, product design, marketing of DANO milk powder, financial analysis...
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...product. These buyers share a particular need or want. Marketers are not the only doing marketing- even consumers do marketing when they search for the goods they need at a price they can afford. Elements of a modern marketing system: Suppliers [ Company Competitors Marketing Intermediaries End User ] 2. Designing a customer-driven marketing strategy Marketing management is the art and science of choosing target markets and building profitable relationships with them To have a good marketing strategy we need to be able to answer two questions: * What customers will we serve? (what’s our target market) * How can we serve these customers best? (what’s our value proposition) *To decide who we will serve we need to divide the market into segments (market segmentation) *To serve the customer best, the marketer needs the show how the product is better than any other product on the market....
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...Corporate planning is a systematic approach to clarifying corporate objectives, strategic decision making and checking progress toward objectives. A corporate plan is a set of instructions to managers of an organization describing what role each department is expected to fulfill in the achievement of organization's objectives A market plan begins with the identification (through market research) of specific customer needs and how the firm intends to fulfill them while generating an acceptable level of return. It generally includes analysis of the current market situation (opportunities and trends) and detailed action programs, budgets, sales forecasts, strategies, and projected (proforma) financial statements. See also marketing strategy. The marketing planning process A marketing plan is a comprehensive blueprint which outlines an organization's overall marketing efforts. A marketing process can be realized by the marketing mix, which is outlined in step 4. The last step in the process is the marketing controlling. The marketing plan can function from two points: strategy and tactics (P. Kotler, K.L. Keller). In most organizations, "strategic planning" is an annual process, typically covering just the year ahead. Occasionally, a few organizations may look at a practical plan which stretches three or more years ahead. Marketing planning aims and objectives Behind the corporate objectives, which in themselves offer the main context for the marketing plan, will lie the...
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...is necessary for the success of the new item. By implementing all of these factors within a marketing plan, any company or business may strive to be boundlessly prosperous in its given field. Business Overview Louis Vuitton, the brand, and the person, share humble beginnings. At the tender age of sixteen, Louis Vuitton began working as an apprentice in Paris, France in 1837. In a period when transportation occurred primarily by trains, boats, and carriages, luggage underwent a significant amount of wear. It was important for individuals to protect their belongings while traveling great distances and throughout long journeys. It was during his apprenticeship that Vuitton began building customized boxes and trunks tailored to meet the needs of clients. Seventeen years later, Vuitton embarked on the beginning of his own business. In 1859, the Louis Vuitton workshop began with merely twenty total employees, expanding later to one hundred workers in 1900, and again in 1914 to include 225 persons (Louis Vuitton, 2015). During the early 20th century, travelers of all walks of life carried all valuables and possessions in trunks and boxes. Often in this period, the possessions of many voyagers were preyed upon by thieves and burglars. It is because of these robberies that Louis and his father Gorges Vuitton wanted to protect the precious possessions of their clients. Knowing that many times clients traveled with all of their worldly...
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...Management. Chapman and Hall, 1990). International business is a potentially lucrative area of many businesses, but the small business owner should be aware that establishing one self in a foreign market is a complex, and time consuming task. Many small businesses in Ghana have dramatically improved their financial fortunes by pursuing export opportunities, but the vast majority of enterprises that have been successful in this regard did not enter the world of international trade until they had fully researched both their own exporting capabilities in various business conditions in the target market(s) abroad indeed, they are wide range of factors to consider when assessing a company’s readiness to expand its business these include company export readiness, potential foreign markets, product distribution options, legal factors, operating cost and profit margin, financing resources. There are many good reasons why countries export. And these includes gaining economies of scale, increased revenue and profit, increased productivity ,spread risk base of business ,smoothing effect on order book ,Offset lack of demand for seasonal products ,New product ideas and Additional markets. Just because exporting is a good idea, a firm or a country should not jump into it unless: * It is has an export plan * The company is ready to export * It has done market research Exporting is sometimes considered as a practice that is largely the province of a large business, but exporting...
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