...discussing whether or not eye color is genetic. According to dictionary references, genetics is “the science of heredity, dealing with resemblances and differences of related organisms resulting from the interactions of their genes and the environment” (The Free Dictionary). This means that when it comes to humans each physical characteristic as well as personality is genetically inherited from the offspring. The three main points that will be elaborated on in this paper are the factors that play a role in determining eye color. These factors consist of melanin, EYCL1, and Eycl3. Eye color is a polygenic trait; this means that multiple genes interact to produce the color of peoples’ eyes, hair, and skin. In the past, it was once thought that a “single gene pair following dominant and recessive inheritance patterns was responsible for eye color, but it is now known to be much more complex than that, involving at least three gene pairs”( Forensic Science International). People have begun to focus on two of the three gene pairs that make the genetics of eye color more understandable. These genes are known as “EYCL1, which is also referred to as gey gene, and EYCL3, also known as bey2 gene. For the bey 2 gene if a person has a brown allele then they will have brown eyes. In the gey gene the green allele is dominant over the blue allele, but it is still recessive next to a brown allele” (Forensic Science International). Another factor that plays in determining eye color is melanin. Melanin...
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...DNA Inheritance Joel Klingensmith BIO/101 Due Date: 10/12/2015 University of Phoenix Not all phenotypes can be seen. Blood types can only be observed by laboratory techniques. The ability to roll your tongue are phenotype variables. As humans, our shape, size, hair color, eye color, height and so on; are all about phenotype variables. I am able to recognize my family tree of all different phenotype variables, could be passed through genes or caused by environmental factors. Influencing body weight can be directed by genes or by diet, which is the environmental factor. Genotypes are the makeup of the cell where it leads next to the personal expressions, and characteristics; or better known as phenotypes. The blue eyes that are shown in my family tree, more occurring than the brown eyes, is a part of the characteristics. The blonde hair that my grandmother had is the phenotype, or my older brother being left handed is a phenotype. My grandfather’s baby blue eyes would be a trait I would pick out of the three generations. Choosing my grandfather’s blue eyes, I would make a hypothesis using the Punnett square. My grandfather’s parents would have each their own allele, either dominant or recessive. Each square in the Punnett square have a 25 percent chance. If my grandpa’s father had brown eyes, his alleles would be “Bb” for dominant and recessive, or two different alleles. If my grandfather’s mother had blue eyes, the genotypes would be “bb”. Taking those two down...
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...beard thickness, and the humble monobrow. Some genes decide the color of your hair, while other, considerably less friendly genes influence whether or not you go bald. Now, a University College London study has identified the DNA behind gray hair, curly hair, beard thickness, and even the humble monobrow. The researchers say their results confirm long-held suspicions nursed by unmarried aunts — going gray simply runs in the family. We humans have lost most of our body hair over time, yet the abundance of head hair we’ve managed to retain throughout our evolution varies tremendously from individual to individual, and not just among those who regularly drop a Benjamin at the salon. According to the researchers, the appearance of our hair is mostly an inheritance game as evidenced by the obvious differences appearing on different continents. For example, straight hair is virtually absent from sub-Saharan Africa, while variable hair color is mostly found in West Eurasia. “Interestingly, different genes have been associated with straight hair in Europeans and East Asians, suggesting that this trait evolved independently at least twice,” wrote the team of researchers led by Dr. Kaustubh Adhikari Hair Diversity Adhikari, of UCL’s cell and developmental biology department, and his co-authors analyzed 6,357 people with varied ancestry across Latin America to identify new genes associated with hair color, greying, density, and shape (curly or straight). The hair volunteers...
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...Process of Science What Can Fruit Flies Reveal about Inheritance? Lab Notebook Chi-Square test for Case 1 | | | | | | | |Phenotype |Observed No. (o) |Expected No. (e) |(o-e) |(o-e) 2 |(o-e) 2 | | | | | | |e | |Red eyes |31 |33 |2 |4 |.1212 | |Sepia eyes |13 |11 |2 |4 |.3636 | | |.4848 | |(2 (to the nearest ten-thousandth) | | Questions 1. Why is it important to remove the adults in the parental generation? Its important to separate so one knows that F1 flies aer being crossed. 2. What generation will their offspring be? F2 generation is the new offspring 3. Based on the data obtained, is the cross in Case 1 monohybrid or dihybrid? Explain. Since there is only one trait (eye color) the cross is monohybrid which also shows a 3 to 1 ratio. If...
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...How do hormones function in our bodies? What are hormones? Do you know anything about genetics? These questions and more will be discussed in detail in the following essay. Hormones and heredity are two very different things; the only thing they have in common is that they both start with the letter “H”. Let’s break them down individually for a better understanding of what they are and how they are related to our bodies. The endocrine system plays a key role in helping to coordinate and integrate complex psychological reactions. The endocrine glands release chemical substances called hormones that are carried throughout the body by the bloodstream to help regulate bodily activities. Hormones organize the nervous system and body tissues; for example, during puberty hormones trigger the development of secondary sex characteristics like breasts in females or a deeper voice in males. Hormones activate behaviors; they affect such things as alertness or sleepiness, excitability, sexual behavior, ability to concentrate, aggressiveness, reactions to stress, and even desire for companionship. They can also have a dramatic effect on mood, emotional reactivity, ability to learn, and ability to resist disease. There are various glands located in the body which help secrete hormones into our bodies; pituitary glands are located on the underside of the brain; it produces the largest number of the body’s hormones and has the widest range of effects on the body’s functions. The pineal gland...
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...THE POWER OF SIX BOOK TWO OF THE LORIEN LEGACIES PITTACUS LORE Contents Cover Title Page Chapter One Chapter Two Chapter Three Chapter Four Chapter Five Chapter Six Chapter Seven Chapter Eight Chapter Nine Chapter Ten Chapter Eleven Chapter Twelve Chapter Thirteen Chapter Fourteen Chapter Fifteen Chapter Sixteen Chapter Seventeen Chapter Eighteen Chapter Nineteen Chapter Twenty Chapter Twenty-One Chapter Twenty-Two Chapter Twenty-Three Chapter Twenty-Four Chapter Twenty-Five Chapter Twenty-Six Chapter Twenty-Seven Chapter Twenty-Eight Chapter Twenty-Nine Chapter Thirty Chapter Thirty-One Chapter Thirty-Two Chapter Thirty-Three About the Author Also by Pittacus Lore Credits Copyright About the Publisher THE EVENTS IN THIS BOOK ARE REAL. NAMES AND PLACES HAVE BEEN CHANGED TO PROTECT THE LORIEN SIX, WHO REMAIN IN HIDING. OTHER CIVILIZATIONS DO EXIST. SOME OF THEM SEEK TO DESTROY YOU. Chapter One MY NAME IS MARINA, AS OF THE SEA, BUT I WASN’T called that until much later. In the beginning I was known merely as Seven, one of the nine surviving Garde from the planet Lorien, the fate of which was, and still is, left in our hands. Those of us who aren’t lost. Those of us still alive. I was six when we landed. When the ship jolted to a halt on Earth, even at my young age I sensed how much was at stake for us—nine Cêpan, nine Garde— and that our only chance waited for us here. We had entered the planet’s atmosphere in the midst of a storm of our own creation, and as our feet...
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...Prologue Florence, 1283 The poet stood next to the bridge and watched as the young woman approached. The world ground to a near standstill as he remarked her wide, dark eyes and elegantly curled brown hair. At first he didn’t recognize her. She was breathtakingly beautiful, her movements sure and graceful. Yet there was something about her face and figure that reminded him of the girl he’d fallen in love with long ago. They’d gone their separate ways, and he had always mourned her, his angel, his muse, his beloved Beatrice. Without her, his life had been lonely and small. Now his blessedness appeared. As she approached him with her companions, he bowed his head and body in a chivalrous salute. He had no expectation that his presence would be acknowledged. She was both perfect and untouchable, a browneyed angel dressed in resplendent white, while he was older, world-weary and wanting. She had almost passed him when his downcast eyes caught sight of one of her slippers — a slipper that hesitated just in front of him. His heart beat a furious tattoo as he waited, breathless. A soft and gentle voice broke into his remembrances as she spoke to him kindly. His startled eyes flew to hers. For years and years he’d longed for this moment, dreamed of it even, but never had he imagined encountering her in such a serendipitous fashion. And never had he dared hope he would be greeted so sweetly. Caught off balance, he mumbled his pleasantries and allowed himself the indulgence of a smile...
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...HUnder Goods House It was a rainy day in august. The autumn had come early this year. He shudders his shoulders slightly and coursed the weather away! He was walking on fifth avenue New York. His favorite street, the best shops and coffee bars was located here. He had just board a new watch in the Rolex store, the watch was the last new, so he hat to buy it. He had also board the thing women’s true lover most, but en secret He soar a red jacket, and begin to smile, it was the same as she had warned to lunch today he remembered. It was the third time he had joined together with this girl, it had gone very good as always. She was blond, had long legs and with hard blue eyes. She was not to thin or fat, but somewhere in between. They had met first time to a dining party. They had just looked one another. After the dinner, the men exude themselves and went into to the office behind closed doors. She had smiled the most beautiful smile with her white teeth and said: “call me” and then walk right down the stairways with her high heels and gone out in the night. The days after he could only think about that girl and rang her so they could meet. They...
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...person seem godly, but for Alon, my little brother, I had no trouble finding words that tell just why I admire him. Born in the month of August on the 22, Alon came into a world, crazy as it is, on an unplanned pregnancy. Most people would say it’s hard to do a tribute speech on someone so young, but really they’re some of the best people to do a tribute on. Alon, being only three years old is one of the kindest, most honest people I know of. His short black curly hair and small features such as his nose and his ears show the innocent Alon still has because he hasn’t been influenced by the world he lives in yet and is still, obviously, growing up. I know that every time I look into those almond shaped brown eyes of him, I’m looking into the eyes of someone whose eyes are blind and unknown to lies. Getting an honest opinion from him isn’t hard, seeing that’s all I get from him. Still being so young, Alon’s mind is as honest as it gets because he hasn’t had the experiences an older person would have, he hasn’t been influenced by anyone else, so when asked what he thinks of something he’s telling what he thinks, even if it isn’t always what you want to hear. With the white winner’s smile he has, still with very few teeth, it can light a room and instantly change your mood. This is another reason why I honestly adore Alon. His happy-go-lucky self makes you just want to be happy because someone who is so little but is so happy makes you feel like there’s still some good...
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...English Writing Piece Some say when a tear falls out of your left eye first its joy, and if its your right eye its pain. Jane Saunders stood despondent amidst the crowd of people and vehicles. Her surrounding appeared as if all sound had been muted, all she heard were the so familiar voices in her head. The elderly woman next to her smiled innocently to her, Jane opened her mouth but her voice had abandoned her, as if she had been impaled in the throat. Foul air from the rusty vehicles touched the tip of her tongue. The clouds were low and heavy, the sunless sky seemed more dismal than usual. The dingy taxi rank where she hunched housed scents that would make most people wince, but not Jane, she barely even noticed it. All she smelt were the familiar scents to her, the damp dirty scent of the taxi rank, smelt to her like freshly baked muffins in the morning, among all the cheap mix of deodorants and aftershaves all she smelt was the rich essence of apricot she remembered so clearly. Her clothes were getting heavy and uncomfortable, her new shoes were now enveloped in a layer of grime, while her arms dangled uselessly at her sides. A cold breeze blew against her skin and sent a chill down her spine, the was no warmth of the sun to comfort her, just the memories she held so dear. Shutting her bright blue eyes tight, she felt a stream of warmth roll down her right cheek. ...
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...The Bloodshed Microchip 2013 Prologue It all started on the day that she was born. It wasn’t her dads fault, it really wasn’t. He hadn’t planned for everyone to be after his ravishing daughter once she was micro chipped. Was gun information worth to kill? “No way!” he thought. However, in 12 years on July 4, 1980, information had slipped out about the dark, deathly data, and John Lewson was killed. Only 42, with perfectly trimmed carmel colored hair, and blue eyes that pierced you like a spear. He was the director of the CIA, and if he could be killed, anyone could be killed. Paige Lewson and her mom, Lisa Lewson, were then dragged to their attorney’s office, per her fathers orders. The reason being that John told his family that if he were to be killed, they would need to rush to their attourney’s office for protection and information, and he left it at that. As soon as they cheetah like entered, their attourney rushed them the furthest room in the back, which seemed like it took a century. He then cautiously told them about the microchip, and that that was the almost positive reason on why their father/husband got murdered. Once they reached the outside, the bullet that was about to hit Paige, hit her mother. She dove to shield Paige and died at 38, with an aspiring career ahead of her in the culinary arts. She was an orphan. She was on the top of everybody’s hit list. She was only 12. Chapter 1 She was gone for more than 1 month, and she was now 25. In the CIA for...
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...My Family Tree BIO/101 October 30, 2012 My Family Tree For this week’s assignment in Biology I am to write about three generations in my family. My presentation is based solely on my father’s side of my family due to not being able to find out much about my mother’s side. The following is what I was able to research about my family tree. I spoke with my Grandmother Alice Duvall about this assignment and was able to determine that blue eye color is more dominant in our family than any other eye color. My grandparents, father, my aunt, my cousins and myself have blue eyes; I got lucky and have mood ring eyes. My eyes based on what mood I’m in can change from a dark blue to a light gray. Blue eye color stems from my family’s Irish background. I have also found that brown hair color runs in our family as well. This more than likely stems from our French, German, Indian, and Hispanic roots. Everyone except for a handful all have light to dark brown hair while the others have blonde. The right hand is more dominant in my family. Only a select few in my family are ambidextrous. My father and I are considered ambidextrous because we use both hands equally while doing something, whether it is cooking, writing, eating, etc. I am mostly known for writing right handed while eating left handed. I would have to say that the tallest person in my family would have to be six feet. The average height in our family is about five foot six inches. For the male...
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...about if it I right or not to alter your baby, but I believe eugenics should be viewed in a positive light. If parents want to give their child the best life possible, then why shouldn’t they. BODY A. The word Eugenics was derived from Greece. For thousands of years it was just used for altering crops and livestock to get a good harvest or big cow. 1883 was when the term started referring to humans. Eugenics became popular in early 20th century. The experimenting and testing was going in good direction until the idea of it was turned into justifying genocide. In the present, this procedure is used safely and effectively for positive outcomes. So if parents want to alter genes to make the baby healthier or if they just want to pick eye color, they should be able to. While I do feel there is no reason to not have the procedure for the betterment of your child, I do feel its not fair to claim that it is right and that's that.” “ Many peoples opinions about this are effected by religion and morals and who am I to say that they are wrong. Although it is very safe and advanced, there is a risk that things could turn out not how the parent expected. People believe that babies should be how god intended, and there is nothing wrong with thinking like that. C. although many people believe this procedure is unethical, and there opinion is just as valuable as anyone elses, it is no less ethical to alter your childs genes than to choose a religion or have them play sports. Its parenting...
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...five boys are down right gorgeous – stunning, really – and major players. Ever since freshman year, they began running this site where people submit dares. Most of the dares involve playing girls and taking away their v-cards. I was never really bothered by the boys and was never targeted with any dares, until now. “Shannon?” I gulped, re-reading the dare. “It’s finally happening!” She sounded so happy about it. I started to feel sick. How could my best friend be so excited that I was the next target after what they did to her? “I have to go. I’ll text you.” Before she could whine, I hung up and pulled my laptop onto my lap, leaning against the wall. I scrolled down the page, reading all the replies to the newest challenge. My eyes darted back and forth, and I quickly realized Shannon wasn’t the only one thrilled about it. I heard a knock on my door and quickly shut my laptop right as my dad walked in. “Do you wanna talk?” He asked awkwardly. I...
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...rotation. I see myself personified by that fan; going around in circles, wincing after every circle made, until people learn to eventually drown out the noise. After graduating college, I felt the “real world” was mine to conquer, to climb to the top and thrust my flag in for all to admire. I still remember moving in to my new place seven years ago. My parents gave me enough money to lees out a place of my own, as a sort of graduation present. The first night I slept in my new apartment, on my new mattress, the only thing I could think about was how this was a stepping stone for the start of my legacy. My eyes closed, I think about those times and feel my face cracking into a grin, the naivety of youth coupled with dreams of stars and fluff. I recall setting my sights lower and lower as time went by, to where I am at now- your average pencil pusher from nine to five. I open my eyes and look at my bedside clock, eight-thirty it tells me. I go wash up a bit and decide on eating out today. I like walking outside, watching other people going about their trivial activities, some even considering it to be important. I eat at a local Chinese restaurant, a place where I’ve grown partial to the food. After eating I go on a walk. I do that from time to time, walking aimlessly. It’s really mostly to escape the loneliness of the apartment for a while. Sometimes I even...
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