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Face to Face vs Virtual Teams

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Running Head: Virtual Teams and Face to Face Teams

Virtual Teams and Face to Face Teams

Research Paper

March 4, 2012

Introduction
As organizations continue to expand globally and increase the use of internet/web technologies to conduct their business, virtual teams continue to increase significantly. In today’s business world, virtual teams are more common in the workplace as opposed to face to face teams. There are various differences between virtual and face to face teams and thus the advantages and disadvantages of each team will be discussed.
Comparison and Contrast
Nonetheless, teams are defined as a group of people with complementary skills that are committed to achieve a common purpose. The author Gregory Berry further explains that teams interact interdependently and are bought together or come together voluntarily; to achieve a certain outcome (Berry, 2011). The members of teams are jointly responsible for the outcomes (Berry, 2011). It is important to understand the dynamics and structure of teams. Such an aspect is important because each team possesses different advantages and disadvantages and one must choose the most effective type depending on the purpose or task that needs to be attained. A virtual team is able to work anywhere and is linked by web communication to achieve organizational tasks (Cummings, 2011). A face to face team is a group of people who work in an organization in the same environment and communicate directly with each other.
Virtual Teams
In today’s environment, there are many advantages to employing virtual teams. Virtual teams are used to utilize geographically dispersed knowledge workers for collaborating on various activities, plans and tasks in the organization (Cummings, 2011). Since organizations have operations, workforces, and offices in numerous locations located remotely from each other, the use of virtual teams enables the organizations to collaborate on various assignments in an effective manner. Even the decreased fixed office hours of virtual teams has improved the work life of these teams. Furthermore, virtual teams enable organizations to use the expertise of team members located anywhere in the world and allows seamless collaboration between remote workers on particular tasks. One of the major advantages of a virtual team is that it saves the organization money by cutting travel, relocation, and other business costs (Gibson & Cohen, 2003). As outlined by Cummings, virtual team members are physically separated by equally great distances and experience fewer coordination challenges when they are within the same or fewer time zones than different time zones (Cummings, 2011).
Virtual teams allow flexibility to team members as they can work from home, office or any other location (Berry, 2011) Thus, the presence of all team members is not mandatory for virtual teams.
However, there are disadvantages to virtual teams. Technology in virtual teams enables the completion of work and overcomes many complexities created by time and distance; these technologies still need to be understood as only a communication and collaboration tool and not as communication or collaboration itself (Berry, 2011). According to Nunamaker, Reinig and Briggs virtual teams often lack the methods necessary to focus attention to enable them to establish and maintain a shared understanding about the nature of their task (Nunamaker, Reinig, & Briggs, 2009). Moreover, even with technologies such as video conferencing, these possibilities may not be as effective as in the case of face to face meetings.
The differences in time zones, differences in working practices, cultural sensitivity issues and differences in ethnic background, and languages are very common in virtual team settings and make it difficult for the team members to coordinate and collaborate with each other (Cummings, 2011). In virtual teams, the members are typically more diverse than face to face teams but this can result in conflicting expectations in terms of work processes to include language, metrics and behavioral norms (Nunamaker, Reinig and Briggs, 2009). Additionally in virtual teams, it is difficult to build meaningful relationships (Nunamaker, Reinig and Briggs, 2009). The lack of personal, face to face communication makes it difficult to establish strong bonding among virtual team members. Exchanging information is difficult when virtual teams are able to communicate in a less effective manner as compared to face to face teams without trust. Building trust is considered one of the biggest challenges within virtual teams (Kirkman, Rosen, Gibson, Tesluk, & McPherson, 2002). Furthermore, Kirkman, Rosen, Gibson, Tesluk, & McPherson referenced that "In virtual organizations, trust requires constant face-to-face interaction—the very activity the virtual form eliminates."
On the other hand, there are advantages to face to face teams as well. Face to face communication involves use of verbal and non verbal communication and involves very orderly processes which help in regulating the flow of communication and helps in conveying subtle meanings as well as assisting in obtaining feedback, opinions and views in an orderly manner. Furthermore these possibilities are not always possible in virtual team settings as email and phone calls are the primary source of communication. Many non verbal, cues such as body language, gestures and emotions are very important in communication and such factors are missing in virtual teams. As Nunamaker, Reinig and Briggs outlined in face to face environments, leaders can see when attention is drifting and immediately bring the team back on track (Nunamaker, Reinig, & Briggs, 2009).
Face to Face Teams
Face to face teams have many advantages of building strong relationships among its members as one of the most important advantages. As described by Sarker, Ahuja, Sarker and Kirkeby, trust is viewed as the common belief among group members and members will behave in accordance with the commitments, will be honest in the negotiations preceding those commitments, and will refrain from taking undue advantage of another member (Sarker, Ahuja, Sarker, & Kirkeby, 2011).Trust is generated among the members of face to face teams due to their presence and interactions on a personal level. Face to face interacttions will consume comparatively more time than virtual teams (Fisher & Fisher, 2000).
Effective communication helps to build strong relations that are positive for overall growth (Duarte & Snyder, 2006). According to Berry communication, whether virtual or face to face, is fundamental to getting any organizing or work done (Berry, 2011). Furthermore, face-to-face teams reinforce the importance of each member’s roles and their implication within team which is also considered a distinct advantage. Even feedback is obtained on the spot in face to face teams. This gives positive support to members for doing their best efforts to the organization (Yip & Bink, 2007). It is very important that members understand their roles within the team and this ensures that clear expectations are set between team members. The level of satisfaction obtained via face to face meetings among team members is much higher when compared to virtual teams. The quality and richness of information exchanged during face to face meetings between team members is better as compared to exchange of information amongst virtual team members (Berry, 2011).
Although modern technologies such as video conferencing have eliminated downsides of communication methods like email among virtual teams, it can still be argued that face to face communication will outscore virtual communication. Time management is also an advantage of face to face teams. This is important as the priority of tasks, variety of tasks have consistent focus which will result in effective handling of work, which is key in time management.
Nonetheless, there are disadvantages to traditional face to face teams. First of all, the members must be physically present at a location. The team members need to agree on a convenient time for all members to be present at one location which is very challenging. It is more expensive to conduct face to face team meetings as unallocated costs may exist such as travel, allocation, cut into work hours and other expenses that may occur. This is a definite disadvantage as organizations are cutting costs and expenses.
Face to face teams are also very time consuming and does not allow much room for flexibility as members need to be physically present at all meetings. This disadvantage is a burden where the members may have conflicts as it pertains to meeting times. Face-to-face teams take more time for performing in terms of meeting and fulfilling commitments (Yip & Bink, 2007). Furthermore this may hinder the outcome of the tasks that the team is looking to achieve, along with the teams effectiveness.
Conclusion and Summary
The uses of both types of teams are necessary in today’s globalized business environment. There may be situations where virtual teams should not be used because members are not located in the same place. This is due to the complexity of the tasks and that members are not able to bond. Furthermore the organization may want face to face communication. Nevertheless the same holds true in situations where the face to face team should not be used. This may depend on the resources that the organization has allocated to a project. There may not be a need for members to interact directly.
The key is there are many benefits in the use of both teams and as the business environment continue to change it will be necessary to decide the types of teams based on the situation. Moreover, there is no clear reason to use one type of team more than the other type unless the situation has been analyzed.
Virtual and face to face teams both add value to their respective organizations. On the basis of above discussion, it can be inferred that virtual team is part of information and communication technology. Virtual team and face-to-face teams have their advantage as well as disadvantages. Virtual teams and face-to-face teams play vital roles in improving efficiency of businesses. Virtual team increases profitability and productivity of an organization. Virtual team also has negative point like extra efforts and less communication. Face-to-face team improves production with time management. Face-to-face team is more expensive in comparison to virtual team. Organizations are using both the team formats to leverage the benefits of global opportunities.

References
Berry, G. R. (2011, April). Enhancing Effectiveness on Virtual Teams. Journal of Business Communication, 48(2), 186-206. doi:10.1177/0021943610397270
Cummings, J. N. (2011, August). Geography is Alive and Well in Virtual Teams. Communication Of The ACM, 54(8). doi:10.1145/1978542.1145
Duarte, D. L., & Snyder, N. T. (2006). Mastering virtual teams: strategies, tools, and techniques that succeed Mastering virtual teams: strategies, tools, and techniques that succeed. John Wiley and Sons.
Fisher, K., & Fisher, M. D. (2000). The Distance Manager: A Hands-on-Guide to Managing Offsite Employees and virtual Teams. Retrieved from http://books.google.com
Gibson, C. B., & Cohen, S. G. (2003). Virtual teams that work: creating conditions for virtual team effectiveness. John Wiley and Sons.
Kirkman, B. L., Rosen, B., Gibson, C. B., Tesluk, P. E., & McPherson, S. O. (2002). Five challehges to virtual team success: Lessons from Sabre, Inc. Academy ol Management Executive, 16(3).
Nunamaker, J. F., Jr., Reinig, B. A., & Briggs, R. O. (2009, April). Principles for Effective Virtual Teamwork. Communications Of The ACM, 52(4). doi:10.1145/1498765.1498797
Sarker, S., Ahuja, M., Sarker, S., & Kirkeby, S. (2011, June). The Role of Communication and Trust in Global Virtual Teams: A Social Network Perspective. Journal of Management information Systems, 28(1), 273-309. doi:10.2753/MIS0742-1222280109
Stryker, J. B., & Santoro, M. D. (2012, January/February). Facilitating Face-to- Face Communication in High-Tech Teams. Research-Technology Management, 51-56. doi:10.5437/08956308X5501013
Yip, G. S., & Bink, A. J. (2007). Managing Global Customers: An Integrated Approach. Oxford University Press Oxford University Press

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