ABSTRACT

Thermodynamics is the science of heat and temperature and, in particular, of the laws governing the conversion of thermal energy into mechanical, electrical, or other forms of energy. It is a central branch of science that has important applications in chemistry, physics, biology, and engineering. What makes thermodynamics such a powerful tool? It is a completely logical discipline and can be applied without any sophisticated mathematical techniques. The immense practical value of thermodynamics lies in the fact that it systematizes the information obtained from experiments performed on systems and enables us to draw conclusions, without further experimentation, about other aspects of the same systems and about similar aspects of other systems. It allows us to predict whether a certain reaction will proceed and what the maximum yield might be.
Thermodynamics is a macroscopic science concerning such properties as pressure, temperature, and volume. Unlike quantum mechanics, thermodynamics is not based on a specific molecular model, and therefore it is unelected by our changing concepts of atoms and molecules. Indeed, the major foundations of thermodynamics were laid long before detailed atomic theories became available. This fact is one of its major strengths. Furthermore, thermodynamics helps us predict the direction and extent of chemical reactions; it tells us nothing about the rate of a process.

First Law of Thermodynamics

Introduction

The first law of conservation of energy states that energy is neither created nor destroyed. Thermodymics has its version of this law which states that one form of energy may be converted into another. This is known as the first law of thermodynamics. The first law can be stated generally and clearly as; the change of internal energy of a system is equal to the heat added to the system minus the work done by