...Rhetorical Strategies in Butler’s “phylosophe” and Brook’s “Honor Code” Judith Butler and David Brooks both use the similar method of telling a story at the beginning to convince their audience that what they are saying is true. Judith Butler, a philosopher, in a youtube interview, “phylosophe” (2007), argues that society has a severely deep fear relating to gender norms. Meanwhile, David Brooks, a columnist, in “Honor Code” (2012), from The New York Times claims that the education system is to blame for the increase of males failing each year, not the males themselves. While Butler tells an anecdote, Brooks uses an allusion which both are stories that get the audience involved, appeals to pathos and logos, which is when the author tries to affect the audience’s personal feelings and tries to persuade the listener through deductive reasoning, and uses tone, the attitude of the speaker and the effects it has on the audience. Butler begins by...
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...Gender, equality, poverty and economic growth Gender equality in third world countries still remains poor in comparison to other well-developed countries. Third World Countries with religious subjectivity, rural factors and civic liberties are contributing to a gender gap in education and income possibilities of women in these countries (Sen, 2009). What these countries must realize is that women are the key to the global economic recovery of their countries. Unlocking the potential of women by narrowing the gender gap is the key to developing a Third World Countries economic efficiency. More and more women in third world countries are realizing that education is a key development in their lives, households and economies. Many of the women feel that gender equality when it comes to education is important in its own right (Sen, 2009). One of those women who advocate this education equality principle is Nobel Peace Prize winner and Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sir Leaf who strongly believes that education should be a right for both men and women. When asked about public resources in Liberia she went onto explain that her country is learning that changes in educational policies must occur in order to facilitate economic growth in their country. She stated that, “policies reflect equal opportunity, equity and allocation of public resources is not directed toward an elitist group and favorite few.” She claims that education should be a right of passage for everyone...
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...to follow the “boy code”-- to be successful, masculine and reliable in order to be real men. This “boy code” gives men the false bravado to overvalue themselves. For example, men are not encouraged to pursue in the engineering fields, but rather forced by the family or the education system. Indeed, there are brilliant men who can consider challenging course in school. However, there are outliers, and the range of these outlier are reportedly vast. As many of the men are intellectually challenged by such courses, it is more likely incapable to succeed. The incapability to succeed becomes a threatening issue as it causes mental disorders and violent. Because men are “told” that they are capable of succeeding in these areas, once they are failing to fulfill the society’s standard, their masculinity is challenged. In fact, they are being viewed as feminine. In the article, the line reads “Boys regard English as a “feminine” subject”. What defines a female subject? Moreover, who sets these standards? Back in the days, writers like Shakespeare, and Alexander Pope are not considered feminine; painters like Van Goh and Picasso are not considered feminine. Why, and why did it suddenly...
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...* The word Gender, as a grammatical term has been around since the 14th century, according to Oxford dictionary as “referring to classes of noun designated as masculine, feminine, or neuter.” Gender is more commonly used now in the 21st century to describe a person’s identity. Sex is another word that is commonly used when describing gender, it is ‘the state of being male or female’. Sex is the biological difference, where as gender is to cultural or social differences. Sex could also be defined as evolution, our genetics. Where as gender, which is our nurture, our life experiences, which help us shape who we are as an individual. Sociologists argue that the relationship between sex and gender is absolutely arbitrary – there is no causative connection between sex and gender – sex doesn’t determine the type of roles you can engage in society. We announce our identities by the way that we dress, walk, talk, act etc. We convince other people that we’re the gendered person that we’re presenting ourselves to be, a product of interactions. With ones sex being defined as male or female, there are bodies that can’t be categorized under these two sexes. Hermaphrodites, now more commonly known as intersex, are becoming a commonly known and used term in society with 17 in every 1000 babies having some kind of intersex condition. Gender is only one of the fundamental principles in organisation of social life, in particular in structural organisations of; childhood, sports, media and employment...
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...been presented and accurately reviewed, it is the EEOC’s job to relate their findings to all parties involved in a precise and prompt manner. In 2011, Lorelei Kilker, an employee of Western Sugar met with the EEOC in regard to alleged systemic discrimination. She filed sexual discrimination charges against her employer for unfair treatment of women in the workplace. “Systemic discrimination involves a pattern or practice, policy, or class case where the alleged discrimination has a broad impact on an industry, profession, company or geographic area” (EEOC, 2011). Western Sugar was facing systemic discrimination allegations of restricting access to management training programs to men only, failing to promote women to higher level jobs with more wages, segregating their positions by gender, and denying...
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...“I Am What I AM” is a musical which was on shown in January in Sheung Wan Civic Centre. The story of the musical is actually a real-life story adapted from a Singapore transgender person, Abigail, about making a tough decision of being loyal to her true gender. Abigail’s frustration of whether to take the Sex Reassignment Surgery (“SRS” for short) or not was exquisitely presented in the musical, so as to communicate with the audience and encourage them to have an in-depth review about the related issue. Why Abigail hopes to be a female rather than a male? To uncover the underlying reasons, let’s start with knowing more about her life in early stage. Being born as a boy, Abigail felt that he was a girl deeply inside his mind. Liked other normal little girls, he loved playing Barbie dolls and doll’s houses. Presenting girls’ characteristics in his childhood gave him a derogatory nickname, “Girlish Boy”, which was frequently called by his classmates in primary school. Trying to conceal his female mind, Abigail always made himself looks like stronger, self-reliant through behaviors, thoughts but seems that was not successful. His classmates continued to laugh at him with offensive languages. When he grew up, he felt much more natural and comfortable to play with girls while sensed shy to play with boys. In Singapore, boys who aged 18 had to serve their duty in military. During that period, Abigail took baths in late evening after all the other soldiers took their baths. It is...
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...Abstract The impact of media on the society extends to both social and political sectors. There are a variety of elements in each and media touches on both sectors and each element. It should be noted that the extent that it affects each element varies as well. It should also be taken into account that while there is a mass effect on everyone that media touches, the extent it affects the individual varies as well. Social Impact On a social level, media has its greatest impact. Viewpoints have been shaped due to the representation of different cultures, races, genders, religions, and sexual orientations. The two main elements of this are entertainment and news. While the representations should be taken at face value when it comes to entertainment, some representations have led to unfair stereotyping which becomes a part of social norms and thinking for generations. One example is how a segment or culture within a race could and has come to represent the public’s view of that race overall—especially in the case of negative elements of that culture. Another example is both unfair standards of beauty for women as well as negative representation of women. In the case of negative representations, there might be individuals or groups that embody that particular element, but media is able to multiply the negative to the point where it becomes a public accept trait of women. When it comes to unfair beauty standards, women are viewed as beautiful by mainstream media are usually put in favorable...
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...labor market has been the disparities in the mean income between men and women. Differences between wages received by participants in the labor market is measured by the gender pay gap. The differences arises due to various aspects that differ from one organization to the next (Cohen 2007). In Australia for example, the wages pay gap is computed on the basis of full-time weekly earnings excluding overtime and salary sacrificed pay. Currently, the wage pay gap in Australia stands at 17.5%. The gap has been fluctuating with small margins but the figure has remained unchanged overtime. Differences in income levels of men and women are, for this reason, an important economic and industrial aspect worth consideration. In order to address the disparities in the pay gaps, it is important to examine the possible reasons as to the existence of remuneration differences between men and women. Why does the difference exist? Well, the answer to such a query is often critical and complex. However, the real explanation is the fact that there exist a range of factors responsible for the occurrence of the pay gaps. These factors range from historical, social, behavioral and labor market factors (Clark & Drinkwater 2007). These factors have collectively have led to pay gap differences. More often than not, the causes of gender pay gap are usually intertwined and related. In this view, it can be noted that women have...
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...Countdown The central Sun is dying. Our Galaxy was falling apart. My grandmother has told me long ago that when she was young she had seen it in full brightness and the transparent artificial heat amplifier sky under the clouds was not required. All the girls born from my mother worked in the underground rock mine used for power generation. My mother was classified class II and sent to care for the kids of working mothers. We all had the same routine, wake up on the central alarm, auto clean mode, take daily medicines for radiation, eat breakfast pills and get to the mine in underground personal or group bots. I would have never found this any different had I not discovered my grandmother’s diary. We were not allowed to have any stuff other than standard issue body cover. The living hives were swept every sunrise, but I had long memorized the meaningless sentences. It spoke about men living with women – a vague term starting with F, if I’m not wrong family then manufacturing breakfast pills called food, again F. There are many confusing things like Fun, happy, Love and that consummate, I think that would be the word to make babies. We had many planets like us in the Milky Way Galaxy. Each planet is explained vividly in her book. One made of only rocks, one without the power to hold us and we float all the time (giggle, in lower volume. Volume is monitored). Then my Grandma’s favorite, the blue one with lots of people with different body covers, languages and she says she’s...
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...Killing us softly 3 & Dreamworlds 3 Review Killing Us Softly 3 This post-viewing guide is intended to deepen the audience’s critical engagement with the documentary film, Killing Us Softly III. It is targeted at women and men between the ages of 15-30 who are bombarded with advertisements every day. Possible ways that the guide might be used include: recognition of to the role of advertisement in American society and culture, research projects aimed at exploring discrimination against women and/or the role of advertisement in America, and finally, for pure reasons of interest. Kilbourne says that advertisements give the message that what is most important is how we look. We must spend time, energy and money on our outward appearance or else we are failures. Advertisements say that we can look a certain way if we try hard enough. However, the fact of the matter is that we all fail because there is no such thing as perfection. It is this kind of powerful message that influences self-esteem and also men’s perceptions on acceptable ways of treating women. Kilbourne argues that advertisements treat women as though they are objects. Advertisements have turned women’s bodies into objects such as beer cans and scissors. This method of turning a woman into a thing can be violence. She also states that advertisements portray women as not being fully human. For example, in many advertisements, only one part of the body is focused on, such as the rear, legs or breasts. Men do...
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...between nations. While these measures have traditionally focused on social and economic data, recent trends have extended to address other features. One important aspect in this regard is the underlying societal gender discrimination and the diverse outcome for males and females. This is commonly referred to as gender inequality. According to Dorius and Firebaugh (2010), gender inequality is where one gender possesses an excessively large proportion of valued items, such as political influence, wages or good health. Although every region of the world has developed policies and laws to tackle gender inequality, Asia-Pacific has countries with varying social and economic circumstances. This essay will examine gender inequality in two Asia-Pacific states, namely China and Singapore. The essay will consider employment and family-based gender inequality in each nation and assess the similarities and differences between them. Gender inequality has major impacts on nations, in particular on the Asia-Pacific zone. Francisco (2007) delineates various forms of inequality, namely mortality, natality, basic facility, special opportunity, professional, ownership and household forms of inequality. In this field, Jutting, Morrison, Dayton- Johnson and Drechsler (2008) argue that gender equality is vital to promote economic growth, wealth creation and poverty reduction. As an illustration, the Asia-Pacific region foregoes approximately 2-4 percent of GDP per year due to low female workforce participation...
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...go hand in hand with the utility, rights, and justice arguments of discrimination. The Utilitarian arguments claim that discrimination leads to inefficient use of human resources. This applies to the Wal-Mart case because they were not getting full use out of their employees because they would often times promote a man instead of a woman, even if she had more experience and was better qualified. Studies conducted by a statistical expert that the six women hired, Richard Drogin, revealed that a much larger amount of men were receiving promotions at every level in the Wal-Mart workplace, even though women’s performance ratings were higher than men’s. Wal-Mart was clearly not promoting or giving benefits to these women because of their gender, and they were stuck underneath the “glass ceiling.” The Rights-based arguments claim that discrimination violates basic human rights. In this case, Wal-Mart didn’t view women to be equal to men because men were receiving the promotions when it should have been the women, as stated before. A Kantian argument also states that a person would not want to be discriminated on the basis of their characteristics that do not affect the person’s ability to perform a job, in this case, being a woman. Wal-Mart is not viewing their male and female employees as equals, as they should and stated they would, and therefore it plays right into the rights-based discrimination argument. The justice-based argument is very similar to the rights-based argument...
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... even though she was plotting to kill him. Alternatively, there are differences between the two women, as Curley’s wife is lonely and isolated on the ranch, her husband disrespects her and is disliked by all the men on the ranch and as a result, manipulates the men innocently to get some attention. Lady Macbeth desires power and fame, and acts manipulatively and selfishly to get what she wants. Lady Macbeth is upperclass, giving her more freedom to do what she wanted. She had status, wealth, glamour and equal partnership with her husband. This was very unusual for the time- Shakespeare has presented her as a very modern anti-heroine. The writers have also presented the women as victims of their gender. During the time each text was written women had restrictions placed on their gender and struggled to achieve their dreams and ambitions. This is shown in the behaviour of each character. Although, it is harder to view Lady Macbeth as a victim because of her cruel and destructive behaviour, in comparison to the lonely and naive Curley’s wife. During the Elizabethan era, women were dominated by the male members of their family. They were raised to obey their...
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...all of these characters traits are combined into one they fall under the category of 'Camp'. Coming from the French word ‘se camper’ which translates to 'to flaunt' Camp was a part of the anti-academic defense of popular culture in the 1960s and gained popularity in the 1980s with the widespread adoption of postmodern views on art and culture. Male homosexuals are seen to often embrace their sexuality and this outlandish behavior is heavily emphasized in order to reinforce the audiences existing ideologies. However, this may also be a move to parade their identity, something which was seen taboo back in the early 20th century. "Camp was thus a way of performing a hitherto unseen identity: early camp style celebrated a certain degree of gender bending, wit, and aestheticism" This conveys how homosexuals used this idea of camp as a way expressing themselves in ways that were not traditionally allowed to and in a postmodern society, film and television take this idea and don’t show homosexuals as people who struggled, but people who had survived in a heavily homosexual, discriminated society. As a result through mediation this has developed into this idea of ‘camp’. “Campy, is one element of the 'gay sensibility'. Camp is self mocking, winking at the audience, and very smart humor. It isn't just dumb put downs, sophisticated gays don't just watch any old bitch fest" This illustrates how homosexuals are often represented as being strong minded; they are able to make fun of themselves...
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...The impact of media on the society extends to both social and political sectors. There are a variety of elements in each and media touches on both sectors and each element. It should be noted that the extent that it affects each element varies as well. It should also be taken into account that while there is a mass effect on everyone that media touches, the extent it affects the individual varies as well. Social Impact On a social level, media has its greatest impact. Viewpoints have been shaped due to the representation of different cultures, races, genders, religions, and sexual orientations. The two main elements of this are entertainment and news. While the representations should be taken at face value when it comes to entertainment, some representations have led to unfair stereotyping which becomes a part of social norms and thinking for generations. One example is how a segment or culture within a race could and has come to represent the public’s view of that race overall—especially in the case of negative elements of that culture. Another example is both unfair standards of beauty for women as well as negative representation of women. In the case of negative representations, there might be individuals or groups that embody that particular element, but media is able to multiply the negative to the point where it becomes a public accept trait of women. When it comes to unfair beauty standards, women are viewed as beautiful by mainstream media are usually put in...
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