...“AN EXTENSIVE STUDY ON CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO FAIRNESS CREAMS FOR MEN” Synopsis of the project report to be submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of master of business administration. SYNOPSIS Title: “AN EXTENSIVE STUDY ON CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO FAIRNESS CREAMS FOR MEN” Introduction: Till the last decade it was almost unimaginable that there would be a fairness cream for men among male grooming products. As it turned out, men contributed significantly to consumption of fairness product. That shouldn't be surprising as we live in a society which is obsessed with fair skin. This phenomenon was not restricted to women and, unknown to marketers, had influenced Indian man as well. The size of Indian skincare market including creams, moisturizers and cleanser is estimated at Rs 4,750 crore. Of the total skincare market, the fairness cream market in India is estimated at Rs 2,200 crore plus. In the past few years, the men's grooming market has grown exponentially with brands launching not just the run-of-the-mill shaving gels and foams, but fairness creams, moisturizers, face washes and other grooming products targeted specifically at men, with fairness creams leading the pack. One of the major reasons behind this is that over the years, Indian male became more and more conscious of his looks, not just in the business world but also in society. A lot depended on how he presented...
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...Doing Well by Doing Good Case Study: ‘Fair & Lovely’ Whitening Cream Aneel Karnani Stephen M. Ross School of Business The University of Michigan 701 Tappan Street Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1234 Phone: (734) 764-0276 Fax: (734) 936-8715 E-mail: akarnani@umich.edu March 2007 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Doing Well by Doing Good SMJ 07-6615 rev Doing Well by Doing Good Case Study: ‘Fair & Lovely’ Whitening Cream Abstract According to the ‘doing well by doing good’ proposition, firms have a corporate social responsibility to achieve some larger social goals, and can do so without a financial sacrifice. This paper empirically examines this proposition by studying in depth the case of ‘Fair & Lovely,’ a skin whitening cream, marketed by Unilever in many countries in Asia and Africa, and, in particular, India. Fair & Lovely is indeed doing well; it is a profitable and fast growing brand. It is, however, not doing good, and I demonstrate its negative implications for public welfare. I conclude with thoughts on how to reconcile this divergence between private profits and public welfare. Key Words: Corporate social responsibility; bottom of the pyramid 2 Doing Well by Doing Good SMJ 07-6615 rev The idea that companies can do well by doing good has caught the attention of executives, business academics, and public officials. The annual report of virtually every large company claims its mission is to serve some larger social purpose besides making profits. The theme...
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...CONSUMERS TOWARDS FAIRNESS CREAMS 1) Introduction / aim / objective 2) Industry overview and competitive analysis 3) Segmentation and targeting 4) Differentiation 5) Positioning 6) Marketing mix and resource capabilities 7)Research design a) Aim and objective....define the problem and outcome of research b) Sampling design c) Questionnaire design d) Sources of secondary data 8) Discussion and analysis of research findings 9) Strategic recommendations and conclusions OBJECTIVE - To study the current Indian market for fairness cream. - To asses whether advertising is influencing the buying behavior of the consumer. - To find out the brand preference for fairness cream among people. - To study factor influencing brand preference for fairness cream. Fairness Cream has become a vital product for the Indian companies in increasing their overall sales due to the importance given by Indian consumers towards fairness. As India is a country known for its diversity different consumers from different parts of the country prefer different brands. The leading players in the market includes Hindustan Lever Ltd., (HLL's) 'Fair & Lovely' with 76 percent of the market share and Cavin Kare' s 'Fairever' with 15 percent of the market share. Other important players like Godrej' s 'Fairglow', Emma's 'Fair and Handsome', Vicco and Himalaya share the rest of the market share. There are number of fairness creams and other skin...
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...PROPOSED MBA RESEARCH TOPICS SOFTWARE ANALYSIS BUSINESS DECISION IMPACT ON PEAK FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE CONTAC T INFORMATION Primary Contact: Dawn Simon Director, Co-Manager Equity Technology Team Merrill Lynch Investment Managers 800 Scudders Mill Road Plainsboro, NJ 08536 Phone: 609-282-0328 Fax: 609-282-6597 Secondary Contact: Martin Seyffert Research Associate Equity Technology Team Merrill Lynch Investment Managers 800 Scudders Mill Road Plainsboro, NJ 08536 Phone: 609-282-6632 Fax: 609-282-6597 UNDERLYING ASSUMPTION We specialize in technology equity portfolio management. As a subset of this work, we also examine the timing and relationships within software companies of the following variables: 1) R&D cycle; 2) product deployment period; 3) sales cycle; 4) contract duration; and 5) "disposable life" of software. Our assumptions may, or may not, be valid. Our assumptions are as follows: The technology industry is in a state of flux with the duration of the above listed items completely mismatched within companies. The mismatched time horizons are causing more volatile stocks, stemming in part from, less stable financial performance for software companies. We believe that faster development cycles and Internet-based distribution channels have accelerated parts of the business, while R&D cycles and contract duration have not yet been adjusted - or even recognized as an issue within many companies. Below are the specific areas we...
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...MARKET SEGMENTATION Market Segmentation is known as the process of defining and subdividing a large homogenous market into clear segments where each segment has clear wants, needs and demands. The objective is to create a marketing mix that matches the expectations of consumers in that particular segment. Four factors that affect market segmentation are : 1. Clear identification of the sector 2. Measurability of its effective size 3. How accessible it is through promotional efforts 4. Its accuracy regarding company policies The four basic market segmentation strategies are based on : 1. Geographical 2. Demographic 3. Psychographic 4. Geographical differences (BusinessDictionary.com, 2016) GEOGRAPHIC 1. CLIMATE 2. LOCATION 3. CULTURE 4. RELIGION 5. POPULATION Grand Union has several locations all over London, they have a branch in Camden and in Brixton as well to name a few. The Paddington branch is the one our assignment is focusing on. It is centrally located and is situated on the ground floor of a high rise building containing numerous offices. It is also a few steps away from Edgware road, thus their location is extremely good. Through a survey that we conducted with the customers at the venue we learned that, the primary reason for their visit was the location and many people that visited the place were either students or people who worked near by. Currently these are Grand Union’s primary targets...
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...Top 10 Best Fairness Creams For Men in 2014 Just like women, men love to spend hours and hours in front of the mirror, and see how well their skin is. The urge to look beautiful and gorgeous is present in every individual. This has led to the multinational cosmetic brands come up with excellent skincare products. If you’re to choose the best skincare cream, you’ll definitely choose the one which whitens your skin. Having white and fair skin is a dream of every man and woman. For the curious females, our Top 10 Best Fairness Creams for Women in 2014 is a great article. And for the males, here is the list of top 10 best fairness creams for men in 2014. 10. Vaseline Men Antispot Whitening Total Fairness Serum What makes this men’s whitening serum great is its features, such as; • Reasonably priced • Shipped by Made in Thailand • Best selling product at Amazon • Ensures you have white and glowing skin • Keeps you look younger for longer • Protects your skin from harmful rays of sun 9. L’oreal Paris White Perfect Transparent Rosy Whitening Night Cream This L’oreal men’s fairness cream comes with specifications like; • Nourishes your skin • Non greasy and quickly absorbed • Comforts the skin cells and gives velvety texture • Leaves your skin soft • Great for dark and transparent complexions 8. Emami Fair and Handsome, Fairness Cream for Men Let us explore the features that make this cream a great choice for men. • Manufactured by Emami • Comes at affordable...
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...BRAND IMAGEBrand image is the current view of the customers about a brand. It can be defined as a unique bundle of associations within the minds of target customers. It signifies what the brand presently stands for. It is a set of beliefs held about a specific brand. In short, it is nothing but the consumers’ perception about the product. It is the manner in which a specific brand is positioned in the market. Brand image conveys emotional value and not just a mental image. Brand image is nothing but an organization’s character. It is an accumulation of contact and observation by people external to an organization. It should highlight an organization’s mission and vision to all. The main elements of positive brand image are- unique logo reflecting organization’s image, slogan describing organization’s business in brief and brand identifier supporting the key values.Brand image is the overall impression in consumers’ mind that is formed from all sources. Consumers develop various associations with the brand. Based on these associations, they form brand image. An image is formed about the brand on the basis of subjective perceptions of associations bundle that the consumers have about the brand. Volvo is associated with safety. Toyota is associated with reliability. | The idea behind brand image is that the consumer is not purchasing just the product/service but also the image associated with that product/service. Brand images should be positive, unique and instant. Brand images...
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...1. Using examples, explain the difference between obscene and indecent materials. Obscene and indecent both have different meanings but are similar in many ways. Obscene material is described as disgusting or repulsive but indecent material is described as being offensive to the public. Both obscene and indecent can be view differently by the public; however, the Constitution plays a role with indecent material. Obscene material "is not protected by the First Amendment,” (The Dynamics of Mass Communication Tenth Edition, page 377) and broadcast stations cannot air obscene material at anytime. The problem with this is that no one had come up with a set standard of what obscene material is. Due to the difference in beliefs between families and individuals, no two people have the same beliefs and will not agree to a set standard of what obscene material really is. Since obscene material is can not be banned completely and therefore can be view during nighttime broadcasting. A good example of this is the adult swim channel. During the day children can view cartoons like Spongebob and Rugrats; but when 10 o’clock p.m. hit, the channel switches to adult swim when there are show with naked women and sex scenes. According to the U.S. Supreme Court, to be obscene, material must meet a three-prong test, "(1) an average person, applying contemporary community standards, must find that the material, as a whole, appeals to the prurient interest (i.e., material having a tendency to excite...
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...Are you for or against Net Neutrality? I am in favor of Net Neutrality. I believe in Net Neutrality and the freedom of speech on the Internet. Content within a site should be free to the public. By protecting open Internet, it will insure that the Internet is not own by only a hand full of key players in the industry like Google, Verizon, Comcast dominating the Internet. What are your thoughts concerning this? My major concern about net neutrality is that few key companies would dominate the Internet. It might means pushing small companies out of business due to key players in the industry would take control over the cost of Internet, speed of the Internet, and even take control of access to information over the Internet. Internet became a part of our lives and in past 10 years most of our offline activities like banking, shopping, and professional recruitment are following the trends and move to the online world. For better or for worse, the Internet is changing the way we are evolving. At “The Future of the Internet” public hearing, FCC Commissioner Mignon L. Clyburn said “New and innovative media companies are constantly starting-up today, citizen journalism is on the rise, blogs have an increasing influence on public discourse, and media providers from broadcast networks to newspapers are shifting their strategies online. For these reasons and more, I say without hesitation, that an open Internet is indeed the great equalizer. It enables traditionally...
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...FAIRNESS OPINIONS IN MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS Anil K. Makhija* The Ohio State University Rajesh P. Narayanan Ohio University April 11, 2007 ____________________________________________________________ __________________ Abstract Fairness opinions provided by investment banks advising on mergers and acquisitions have been criticized for being conflicted in aiding bankers further their goal of completing the deal as opposed to aiding boards (and shareholders) by providing an honest appraisal of deal value. We find empirical support for this criticism. We find that shareholders on both sides of the deal, aware of the conflict of interest facing advisors, rationally discount deals where advisors provide fairness opinions. The reputation of the advisor serves to mitigate this discount, while the contingent nature of advisory fees appears to have no impact. We also find support for allegations that fairness opinions are sought by boards for the legal cover they provide against shareholders unhappy with the deal’s terms. JEL Classification: G34, G24 Keywords: Fairness Opinions, Mergers and Acquisitions, Investment Banking ____________________________________________________________ __________________ *Corresponding author: Anil K. Makhija, 700 E. Fisher Hall, Fisher College of Business, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210. Tel: (614) 292-1899. E-Mail: Makhija.1@osu.edu. We are grateful for comments from Angie Low, Brian Nocco, Robert Rosholt, and René Stulz,...
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...Back when my mother was my age, the only media source they had was newspapers, radio, and television. Back then phones only had one function which was to communicate by voice and then came text. Now days our phone is a one stop shop for all media. All together though we do have: TV, phone, newspapers, radio, and the internet for our source media source. I personally don’t have cable anymore because of the dreaded news on each channel you turn to these days. I normally get my news from yahoo in whom I get an update in the morning and again in the evening. While serving in the Military, they told us that the only news we can really trust to be accurate was CNN and the Military News Network, that everyone else was exaggerated for higher program ratings. Should I be held accountable for their information? No. They should be, because the public values the truth and sometime the severity of it. According to Spark notes (http://www.sparknotes.com/us-government-and-politics/american-government/the-media/section3.rhtml) Printed media and Internet are unregulated. They can print whatever they want as long as they don’t slander anyone’s name. Broadcast Media is under strict regulations by the government. The FCC acts as a police agency over the airwaves. “Since the 1980s the government has loosened restrictions on media ownership, and Congress passed the Telecommunications Act in 1996 to allow companies to own even more media outlets. Due to the loosening of ownership restrictions, more...
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...With respect to what particular type of fairness did you score highest? What specific experiences contributed to this assessment? My score was the highest in Interpersonal justice in the area of fairness that I received. My interpersonal justice score reflects the relationship that I have with my superior and my perception of fairness by my supervisor (Greenberg, 2010). I work for the same company for many years and my last boss was one of the best ever. He was concerned with family first and always treated all of the leaders and line level with respect. He also promoted from with in. 2. With respect to what particular type of fairness did you score lowest? What specific experiences contributed to this assessment? Procedural justice was the type of fairness I received the lowest score for. The hospitality industry is tough. Often you work long hours and weekends. In the very beginning of your career, you work many holidays that keep you away form the family. When you first start off, the pay is not the best and you have to relocate to grow your career faster. 3. What kinds of problems resulted from any violations of any type of organizational justice you may have experienced? What could have been done to avoid these violations? For me, I feel there is a disconnect in the field due the informational justice. Often leaders in the corporate office fail to provide information and explanations to the field. For management to be successful...
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...flake apart when done. Serve over mashed potatoes. EASY CHICKEN STROGANOFF ITALIAN BREAD TOSSED SALAD Easy Chicken Stroganoff Ingredients: 2 Tablespoons butter 1 lb. chicken breast, cut in strips 2 cups mushrooms 1 medium onion, chopped 1 can cream of chicken soup 1/2 cup sour cream 4 cups egg noodles Directions: 1. Cook chicken in 1 Tablespoon butter. Remove. 2. Cook mushrooms and onions in remaining butter. 3. Stir in soup and sour cream. Heat until boiling. 4. Return chicken to the pan. Heat thoroughly. 5. Serve over noodles, with a tossed salad and buttered Italian bread. PENNE AND VODKA SAUCE TOSSED SALAD ITALIAN BREAD Penne and Vodka Sauce Ingredients: 1 (16 ounce) package penne pasta 2 Tablespoons butter ¼ pound thinly sliced pancetta bacon, chopped ⅓ cup vodka ½ cup heavy whipping cream 1 ½ cups tomato sauce ½ cup grated Parmesan cheese Directions: 1. Bring a large pot of lightly salted water to a boil. Add pasta and cook for 8 to 10 minutes or until al dente; drain. 2. Meanwhile, melt butter in a large skillet over medium heat. Add pancetta, and sauté until lightly browned. 3. Add vodka and stir until it is reduced by half, about 4 to 5 minutes. 4. Stir in tomato sauce and cream. Simmer uncovered for 10 to 12 minutes. Stir every few minutes. 5. Stir in pasta, and heat through. Serve with Parmesan cheese, tossed salad and warm Italian bread. Easy Chicken Cordon Bleu Ingredients: 1 cup milk 1 cup dry bread crumbs 6 skinless...
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...Blueberry Muffins Yield: 12 muffins Prep Time: 20 minutes Cook Time: 25 to 30 minutes Total Time: 50 minutes Ingredients: 2 cups (240g) all-purpose flour 1 tablespoon baking powder ½ teaspoon salt 1 egg 1 cup (200g) granulated sugar 4 tablespoons (2 ounces~ 60-70g) unsalted butter, melted and cooled slightly 1¼ (250-300g) cups sour cream 1½ (150g) cups frozen or fresh blueberries Directions: 1. Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F*. Grease a standard 12-cup muffin tin (or line with paper liners) and set aside. 2. Whisk the flour, baking powder and salt in a medium bowl untill combined. Whisk the egg in a separate medium bowl until well-combined and light-colored, about 20 seconds. Add the sugar and whisk vigorously until thick, about 30 seconds. Add the melted butter in 2 or 3 additions, whisking to combine after each addition. Add the sour cream in 2 additions, whisking just to combine. 3. Add the berries to the dry ingredients and gently toss just to combine. Add the sour cream mixture and fold with a rubber spatula until the batter comes together and the berries are evenly distributed, 25 to 30 seconds. Small spots of flour may remain and the batter will be very thick. Do not overmix. 4. Using a large spoon or a cookie scoop sprayed with nonstick cooking spray, divide the batter amount the muffin cups. Bake until the muffins are light golden brown and a toothpick or thin knife inserted into the center of a muffin comes out clean, 25 to 30 minutes, rotating the pan from...
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...Oatmeal Cookies: Preheat oven to 350 degrees F (177 degrees C) and line two baking sheets with parchment paper. To toast nuts: Place nuts on a baking sheet and bake for 8-10 minutes or until lightly browned and fragrant. Let cool and then chop into pieces. In the bowl of your electric mixer (or with a hand mixer), beat the butter and sugar until creamy and smooth (about 2 - 3 minutes). Add the egg and vanilla extract and beat to combine. In a separate bowl, whisk together the flour, baking soda, salt, and ground cinnamon. Add the flour mixture to the creamed mixture and beat until incorporated. Stir in the nuts, oats, and dried cranberries or chocolate chips. For large cookies, use 1/4 cup of batter (I like to use an ice cream scoop) and space the cookies about 2 inches (5 cm) apart on the baking sheet. Then wet your hand and flatten the cookies slightly with your fingers so they are about 1/2 inch (1.25 cm) thick. Bake the cookies for about 12 - 15 minutes or until light golden brown around the edges but still soft and a little wet in the centers. Remove from oven and let the cookies cool a few minutes on the baking sheet before transferring them to a wire rack to cool. Makes about 20 - 24 large cookies Oatmeal Cookies: 1 cup (110 grams) walnuts or pecans, toasted and chopped (optional) 3/4 cup (170 grams) unsalted butter, room temperature 1 cup (210 grams) packed light brown sugar 1 large egg 1 teaspoon pure vanilla extract 3/4 cup (105 grams) all purpose...
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