...Analysis of Timothy's Case Study PSYC 2700 Child Development Case Study Analysis Capella University March, 2014 Analysis of Timothy's Case Study Timothy’s story is about a sequence, or timeline of events showing how being in a certain environment can help shape a child’s development. Timothy’s behavior from the beginning was a perfect example of how children model after their parents or caregiver. He was exposed to violence at a very young age from his parents, and therefore that was how he learned how to express himself. With his parents out of work and in low paying jobs, the whole family was under a lot of stress. Timothy was spanked as a result of them not dealing with their stress in a constructive way. Even away from home, at an unauthorized daycare, he was subject to spanking. With the family having a limited income, Timothy continued to go to a daycare that was unclean, unhealthy and detrimental to his development. When Timothy started school at a public school he was not prepared. Having had no structure, healthy social interaction or exposure to learning, he was very behind his peers. He had limited experience controlling his emotions and therefore was subject to angry outbursts and an inability to follow the rules. By the time he was eleven years old; he failed a grade and was not able to continue to 6th grade with his peers and was even suspended for instigating a fight. Secure attachment is the term used to support...
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...Comprehensive Analysis Case Study Cheryl M. Todd PSY7220 Capella University Abstract This comprehensive case analysis will follow Gwen Cohen-Green through the following three stages of development: early childhood, middle childhood, and early adolescence. Within each of the three stages I will identify Gwen’s social and emotional development, theories pertaining to her development, validation, and predominate factors. A complete analysis and synthesis will support the findings, and recommendations will be given to support her. Table of Contents Introduction Case Study: Early Childhood Case Study: Middle Childhood Cased Study: Early Adolescence Analysis and Synthesis Recommendations Conclusion References 1 1-5 5-10 10-15 15-16 16-17 17 18-20 Comprehensive Analysis Case Study Introduction This study will identify the child I have chosen for my case study project and follow her through each of the following stages: early childhood, middle childhood and early adolescence. Secondly, the study will include an analysis and synthesis of developmental domains and of environmental and influential factors and finally, the study will make recommendations for optimal development. Early Childhood: Case Study Gwen Cohen-Green is an only child that lives with both her mom and dad in a suburban setting. Mom and dad both work long hours with mom being the primary parent to attend conferences as well as being the disciplinarian. Gwen’s parents are...
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...Attachment Anxiety and Attachment Avoidance in Relationship Satisfaction considering Gender Cansu Çelik, Hazal İlkem Özer Kadir Has University Abstract The present research aimed to examine how attachment style affects people’s relationship satifaction taking into account gender differences. All attachment styles indicate useful information about relationship situations. We hypothesized that, for both genders, those who have attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety were more likely to have conflicts about their partners, thus they would feel less satisfied in their relationships. We conducted a survey among male (N= 97, age M = 22) and female (N = 139, age M = 21) university students aged between 18-25. Participants were using at least one social media account such as Facebook, Instagram or Twitter and also answered questions about their relationship either with their romantic partner or a best friend (RAS). Regression results, as expected, indicated that participants who displayed attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety were less satisfied in their relationship Keywords: relationship satisfaction, attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, gender Attachment Anxiety and Attachment Avoidance in Relationship Satisfaction Most psychological theories indicate that an individual’s wellbeing and comfort develops and enhances by the relationships...
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...Influence of early attachment relationship on development Introduction: It is understood, through lifespan psychology, that the psychological development of an individual is a process that continues throughout an individual's life, this development consists of both internal and external dynamics. The well theorised theme of attachment forms the basis of this study. Attachment focuses on the formation of early relationships and their influence on later developmental outcomes. The social constructionist perspective explores "how knowledge about sex and gender has been constructed within particular historical and social contexts" (Wood et al 2007) this perspective assumes that the knowledge comes from social contexts and is evidenced predominately by an individual's use of language. This study explores the paradigm of attachment from the social constructionist perspective. The paradigm of attachment is concerned with a "strong, ongoing emotional bond between two people" (Wood et al 2007) and suggests that attachment is fundamental to emotional, social and cognitive progression. Bowlby, an attachment theorist purports that attachment is a survival instinct in infancy, and once established it remains relatively fixed throughout life. Positive attachments created in vertical relationships, that is an "attachment to someone who has greater knowledge or social power - a typical example is a child's relationship with a parent or a teacher" (Wood et al 2007) forms a secure foundation...
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...Fathers … 2.7 Fathers and the Family Friendly Workplace 2.8 Research Question Chapter Two Literature review The literature relevant to research into fatherhood is diverse and describes some dynamically interactive elements constitutive of the social construction of fatherhood. This chapter provides a summary of those topics considered to be most relevant to the research problem. It begins with a discussion of the significance of the father to the development of children followed by a brief description of the changing role of fatherhood. This is followed by an analysis of gendered parenting roles and the contradictions that exist for men between dominant patriarchal views of fatherhood and those fathering behaviours that are resistant to dominant beliefs. A comparative analysis is provided through the examination of cross-cultural experiences followed by a discussion on oppression and resistance and the relevance of this to working-class men. Finally there is a review of the current literature on the development of Family Friendly Workplace Policy 2.1 Fathers – And a Secure Base Move 1. The importance of attachment to the child leading to the importance of attachment to the father; its impact on the child Theories about the significance of attachment for the mental health of humankind raise the issue of the significance of fathers as care givers and providers of secure attachment to...
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...CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND As presented, this chapter discusses the problem and its background. This will help the reader to have an overview of the study specifically on the introduction, statement of the problem, significance of the study, and scope and delimitation. I. INTRODUCTION Teenage pregnancy is formally defined as a pregnancy in a young woman who has not reached her 20th birthday when the pregnancy ends, regardless of whether the woman is married or is legally an adult (age 14 to 21, depending on the country). In everyday speech, the speaker is usually referring to unmarried minors who become pregnant unintentionally. The average age of menarche (first menstrual period) is 12 years old, though this figure varies by ethnicity, and ovulation occurs only irregularly before this. Whether fertility leads to early pregnancy depends on a number of factors, both societal and personal. Worldwide, rates of teenage pregnancy range from 143 per 1000 in some sub-Saharan African countries to 2.9 per 1000 in South Korea. Pregnant teenagers face many of the same obstetrics issues as women in their 20s and 30s. However, there are additional medical concerns for younger mothers, particularly those under fifteen and those living in developing countries. For mothers between 15 and 19, age in itself is not a risk factor, but additional risks may be associated with socioeconomic factors. In developed countries, teenage pregnancies are associated with many social...
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...Exploring Parental Factors, Adjustment, and Academic Achievement Among White and Hispanic College Students Ani Yazedjian Michelle L. Toews Alice Navarro The purpose of this study was to examine whether college adjustment mediated the relationship between parental factors, such as parental attachment, parental education, and parental expectations, and academic achievement among White and Hispanic first-year college students. We found that adjustment mediated the relationship between parental factors—quality of the parental relationship and parental education—and GPA for White students. However, none of the parental factors explained GPA for Hispanic students. These findings support previous research asserting that correlates of academic achievement might vary across ethnic groups. Adjusting to college is a major transition in a young adult’s life. Unfortunately, a large percentage of students are unsuccessful in navigating this transition. In fact, the majority of students who depart their initial institution often leave during their first 2 years (ACT, 2002). Tinto (1975) argued that these departures result from a lack of integration into the college environment and that the first year is particularly critical because it is during this time that students are initially learning to negotiate the challenges of adjusting to a new environment. In support of this argument, recent researchers have found that students who withdraw often do so for personal reasons such as a lack...
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...of characteristics that a person possesses (Lewis, 2001). These unique features influence a person’s motivations, behaviors and his or her cognitions in various situations. Personality is psychological, though biological processes also influence our behaviors. Our thoughts, social interactions, behavior, close relationships and feeling all influence our personality. The environment influences our personality (Myers, 2004). Anything that affects a person except his or her genes is the environment. Many external factors help in shaping our personality. These external factors include the people around us and the places that we live. Our friends, family, daily experiences, and all the people whom we interact with influence our personality. However, every person has a personality that is unique to them (Simanowitz, & Pearce, 2003). An analysis of environmental influences on personality reveals that childhood experience is one of the factors that influence a person’s personality. 2.0 Topic Review This research paper concentrates on three research articles that are based on personality and childhood experiences. Childhood experience is one of the environmental influences to personality. 2.1...
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...Cultural differences in attachment Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg 1988 Cross-cultural Attachment What is culture? * “Culture is a framework of beliefs and values shared by a group, that influences the perception and interpretation of experiences by individuals within that group, as well as their goals for action and their actions themselves.”. * Parents' attachment beliefs, values, and practices differ around the world. Although the attachment relationship is universal, parents' attachment beliefs, values, and practices differ around the world. Abraham Sagi, Marinus Van IJzendoorn & N Koren-Karie (1991) reported on Strange Situation findings from studies in the United States, Israel and Japan. The American results were similar to Ainsworth’s: 71% showing secure attachment, 12% anxious-resistant and 17% anxious-avoidant. The Israeli findings - from Sagi, Van Ijzendoorn, Ora Aviezer, Frank Donnell & Ofra Mayseless (1985) - were rather different: 62% secure, 33% anxious-resistant and only 5% anxious-avoidant. The Israeli sample, though, was taken from a kibbutz (communal farm) where the infants were looked after much of the time by adults who were not part of their family. As the children still had close relationships with their mothers, they tended not to be anxious-avoidant. They rarely encountered complete strangers which might help explain the high numbers of anxious-resistant. Another reason put forward was that mothers were often absent; while the caregivers...
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...Outline and evaluate research into cross cultural variations in attachment. There are three main experiments that deal with the hypothesis of cross cultural variations in attachment by using the basis of the Strange Situation test. Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg (1988) these two men created a meta-analysis which is where they collect already completed experiments and compare them too each other on a specific topic. This allows researchers to get a better look at overall trends and identify possible relationships that might exist, by doing this they may be able to identify trends that could not be seen in smaller-scale studies. They used 32 studies from 8 different countries that all used the strange situation procedure to study attachment. Using a meta analysis (statistical technique) they calculated the average percentage for the different attachment styles (e.g. secure, avoidant and ambivalent) in each country. The found that secure attachment was the most common type of attachment in all cultures. The lowest percentage of secure attachments was shown in china and the highest in Great Britain. Takahasi (1990) their aim is to prove if the Strange Situation is a valid procedure for cultures other than American middle class, white children and their mothers. They used 0 middle class Japanese mothers and their children and they were all observed under the strange situation directions. By doing this they found that they had very similar securely attached percentage to Ainsworth...
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...A LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF EARLY YEARS PROVISION ON YOUNG CHILDREN, WITH EMPHASIS GIVEN TO CHILDREN FROM DISADVANTAGED BACKGROUNDS Edward C. Melhuish Institute for the Study of Children, Families & Social Issues Birkbeck, University of London Prepared for the National Audit Office The views expressed in this paper are not necessarily those of the National Audit Office. Address of author Institute for the Study of Children, Families & Social Issues 7 Bedford Square London WC1B 3RA Email: e.melhuish@bbk.ac.uk Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 1. Introduction 1.1. The context of childcare research 1.2 Types of childcare and pre-school provision 1.3 Evidence on developmental effects 1.4 Structure of report 7 7 8 10 10 2. Childcare as intervention 2.1 Research methodology 2.2 Randomised Control Trials (RCTs) 2.2.1 Ypsilanti/High Scope/Perry Pre-school Study 2.2.2 Abecedarian Project 2.2.3 Project CARE 2.2.4 Milwaukee Project 2.2.5 Infant Health and Development Program (IHDP) 2.2.6 Early Head Start (EHS) 2.2.7 Hackney study Table 1: Summary of Randomised Control Trials of Interventions 2.3 Quasi-experimental Studies 2.3.1 Head Start 2.3.2 Chicago Child – Parent Center Program 2.3.3 Syracuse Study 2.3.4 Brookline Early Education Project 2.3.5 Diverse State-based programmes in the US 2.3.6 Meta-analyses and reviews Table 2: Summary of Quasi-experimental Evaluations of Interventions 2.3.7 Summary...
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...theory include the social bond theory. It was created by Travis Hirschi. This theory identifies commitment, attachment, and involvement as main elements of social bonding. The element attachment describes how an individual holds the value or norms of their society. In this case, social organizations such as school influence one’s attachment to the values of their family or community. The other element is commitment. It reflects on people’s compliance to legal behavior. It suggests that the norms and values an individual is taught at his/her young age determines how they obey the way society works. For example, those people raised in substance abusing family tend to involve themselves in drugs in future. Involvement element suggests that it is an individual’s choice to engage in conventional or deviant behavior. The decision to take either stands is determined by the norms and values one is taught during his young/adolescent stage....
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...Attachment Paper Life Span Human Development Lela Lambe 10/25/15 Kristin Scott-Grove Introduction: Attachment is a strong, affectionate bond we have with our mother. Also, with special people in our lives during a lifetime. Attachment leads us to experience pleasure when we interact with time. Besides, to be comforted by nearness in times of stress. Lasting emotional connection that connects people to another within space and time. Attachment is a strong emotional and social bond of trust between the child and parents. That is very important for social and emotional development. In childhood, particular the first couple of years of life, attachment relationships help the immature brain use the mature functions of the parent’s brain to develop important capacities related to interpersonal functioning. The baby’s bond with their attachment caregiver. Offer experience-dependent neural avenue to develop. Particularly in the frontal lobes where the capacities are wire into the developing brain. Attachment Theory devised by John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth to account for the impact of early separation and trauma on the child. Has revolutionized our views of development, psychopathology, and clinical work. Is the most prominent theory today regarding early socio-emotional development. The empirically based and support the research. The child is highly motivated beginning birth to form and maintain attachments to a few caregivers. Healthy attachments have successful...
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...along with other responsibilities. These children therefore get a divided share of family/home atmosphere as being part of bringing up. As part of this research project, I shall study the impact of day care facility on the children of working mothers. Keywords: Maternal employment, Working mothers, impacts of external child care, daycare facility, child care, career oriented mothers, physiological health factors, personality development. Problem statement Our problem statement shall primarily be “The effect of using day care facility on child care due to maternal employment.” In simpler words, we shall study the impact of the use of day care facilities by working mothers and its effects upon the upbringing of children. Objectives There is a need to identify if this increasing trend is beneficial for the children in the long run or not. Thus, basic objective of the research shall be to conduct a study and conclude the following: 1. Identify their mental and physiological health factors affecting the children 2. Determine the impact of the above on their childhood and personality development 3. Social complexes developed by them while visiting day care centers 4. Study the Impact on their academic performance in long run 5. Personal development, dependency and mannerism of the child visiting day care and determine lacking personality features 6. Conduct analysis after data...
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...return home to their caregiver. If the caregiver fails to regain custody the child is placed in other living arrangements, to include foster homes. However there is a controversy over the effectiveness of the foster care system in regards to child development. Foster care has been linked to negative impacts in child development to include; physical and sexual abuse, attachment disorders, and behavioral problems that eventually lead to children being placed in multiple placements and in some cases the juvenile justice system,. Children who are in foster care are a vulnerable group due to the being removed from their home, in some cases abruptly. It has been proven that the longer children living in foster care are subject to negative development more than children who do not live in foster care. Based on these factors the foster care system needs to focus more on the needs of the child so that positive development can occur. Keywords: child welfare, abuse, child development The Negative Impacts of Foster Care on Child Development The foster care system was designed to provide a safety net for children and families and to reunite children with their biological parents if possible (Martin, 2014). It is meant to provide children with a temporary living arrangement until permanent living arrangement is found. Children are generally placed in foster care due to adverse environmental conditions to include: neglect, physical and sexual abuse. There are an estimated 399,546 children...
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