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Fast-Food Restaurant Advertising on Television and Its Influence on Childhood Obesity

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Title
Fast-Food Restaurant Advertising on Television and Its Influence on Childhood Obesity
Author
Shin-Yi Chou, Lehigh University and National Bureau of Economic Research
Inas Rashad, Georgia State University
Michael Grossman, City University of New York Graduate Center and National Bureau of Economic Research
Introduction
Childhood obesity around the world, and particularly in the United States, is an escalating problem that has received much attention of late. In less than thirty years, the prevalence of overweight children and adolescents in America has more than doubled. In the 1963-1970 period, 4 percent of children aged 6 to 11 years and 5 percent of adolescents aged 12 to 19 were defined as being overweight. The percentage of children who are overweight has more than tripled by 1999, reaching 13 percent. For adolescents, the incidence of overweight has nearly tripled in the same period, reaching 14 percent (Centers for Disease Control 2001).
Finding the causes of this dramatic increase in obesity among children and adolescents is an important input in designing prevention policies. On the simplest level, weight gain is caused by more energy intake than energy expenditure over a long period of time. The problem of energy imbalance is not purely due to genetics, since our genes have not changed substantially during the past two decades. Researchers have tended to focus on environmental factors such as the availability of highly palatable and calorie-dense fast food to promote high energy intake as well as the appeal of television, video games, and computers to discourage energy expenditure.
How the commercial advertising of foods contributes to the epidemic of obesity among children and adolescents is still an ongoing debate. There is widespread speculation that the exposure to food advertising may contribute to unhealthy food choices and weight

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