...Table of Content TABLE OF CONTENT ........................................................................................................................... 1 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................ 2 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 3 FAULT TOLERANCE IN WSN .............................................................................................................. 4 LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................................................... 6 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................... 7 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................................... 8 SIGNIFICANCE .................................................................................................................................... 10 LIMITATION ......................................................................................................................................... 10 POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTIONS (IMPLICATION OF RESEARCH) .................................................... 11 REFERENCES ..................................................
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...When composing a disaster plan the most important step is to perform a very comprehensive investigation of all risks in the network. This includes all computer systems, servers, networks, and etc. When investing the network there are many risks to consider. These risks can include attacks from viruses, deletion of data from company employees, floods or other natural disasters and etc. When listing these threats it should be taken in effect which risks have more impact on the company. Once risks are determined and put in categories of importance, XYZ Computers should consider some very common questions. • How would the following affect XYZ Computers? o Virus attacks o Loss of personal information (company’s or employees) o Power outages o Loss of Internet service o Loss of phone service o Natural Disasters (floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, tornados, fires, and etc.) • What would be company costs in the event of any of these disasters? • What can XYZ Computers do to lessen the effect of disasters on our company? • What can XYZ Computers do to prevent certain disasters from happening? Some companies in areas that power outages are common may have emergency power in place. They will also back up all of their data on RAID tapes frequently. While prevention can cost the company money, recovery from disasters that could have been prevented could cost much more. Some businesses have even had to close due to certain disasters that could have been prevented. “The...
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...Q1. NAME AND DESCRIBE THREE AUTHENTICATION METHODS. Authentication is defined by Essentials Guide as is the process of determining whether someone or something is, in fact, who or what it is declared to be. Authentication means verifying the identity of someone (a user, device, or an entity) who wants to access data, resources, or applications. Validating that identity establishes a trust relationship for further interactions. Authentication is the first step in access control, and there are three common methods used for authentication: What you have method: – Examples of this method includes keys, badges, ID, pass cards/smart card, tokens. These are physical objects and go towards identifying you by what you physically “own”. A smart card is credit card sized card that has an embedded certificate used to identify the holder. The obvious problem here is that objects can be taken and are not tied or "signed" to any particular person. This makes it easy to loan your verification for temporary uses like valet parking, but objects can be stolen. Keys can be duplicated and IDs can be faked, What you are method: - DNA, fingerprints, voice match, cadence of your typing, your walk, talk, act. Your smell, shoeprints, aura, your retinal scan, your vein patterns. Anything that leaves the impression of YOU, but nothing that can come from someone else. These are things that can be taken from you. They cannot be faked but can be stolen. Secondary level of security, what you are is better...
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...Principles of Disaster Recovery and Enterprise Continuity 19 Dec 2011 By Thomas A. Groshong Sr. Summary 1. DRP/ECP Roles 2. Resilience Layers 3. Resilience Layers Examples 4. Disaster Recovery Training 5. Outside Expertise 6. Awareness Campaign 7. Awareness Campaign Implementation 1.1 Disaster Recovery Plan / Enterprise Continuity Plan (DRP/ECP) Roles Maintaining DRP & ECP documents Personnel responsibilities Backup data scheduling Maintaining equipment status reports Security systems and emergency lighting Operational procedures Environmental controls (Cunningham et al., 2007) 2. Resilience Layers Six Resilience Layers 1. Strategy & Vision 2. Organization 3. Processes 4. Applications & Data 5. Technology 6. Facilities (Goble, G., Fields, H., & Cocchiara, R., 2002) 2.1 Strategy & Vision Business goals & objectives Resilience assessment Assess Risks Assess Vulnerabilities Strategic plan for success Baseline objectives (Goble et al., 2002; A comprehensive, 2007) 2.2 Organization Document roles Responsibilities Accountability Communications protocols Business links Skills critical to organization (Goble et al., 2002; A comprehensive, 2007) 2.3 Processes Process creation Process sustainment Process alternatives Contingency planning (Goble et al., 2002; A comprehensive, 2007) 2.4 Applications & Data Provide reliable data Align disparate data and applications Determine tolerance levels Fault tolerance Diversification...
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...databases, procedures, and reports. 3. Development of ISMS requires application of the life cycle approach for system maintenance purposes. 4. Risk Management is the identification, assessment, and prioritization of risks. 5. Quantitative Approach - each loss exposure is computed as the product of the cost of an individual loss times the likelihood of its occurrence. Qualitative Approach – lists out the system’s vulnerabilities and threats and subjectively ranks them in order of their contribution to the company’s total loss exposures. 6. Types of threats that affect information systems a) Active threats include information systems fraud and computer sabotage. b) Passive threats include system faults, as well as natural disasters (e.g., earthquakes, floods, fires, and hurricanes). 7. Characteristics of white-collar criminal 8. Types of individuals pose a threat to an information system a) Computer and information systems personnel: are often given a wide range of access privileges to sensitive data and programs. b) Users: are given narrow access, but can still find ways to commit fraud. c) Intruders and attackers: are given no access, but are highly capable. 9. Types of intruders:- i. White hat hackers legitimately probe systems for weaknesses to help with security. ii. Black hat hackers attack systems for illegitimate reasons. iii. Grey hat hackers are white hat hackers who skirt the edges...
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...provides a high-level overview of many topics pertinent to high availability. He then devotes most of his book to Microsoft Clustering and to the proper installation of Microsoft’s Cluster Server and several of Microsoft’s cluster-aware applications. He follows this with a brief discussion of disaster-tolerant architectures, and concludes with a case study. High-Availability Topics Rupani begins with a definition of several high-availability concepts, such as planned and unplanned outages, single points of failure, mean time between failures and interruptions, fault tolerance, and redundancy. He then provides an overview of several important high-availability technologies. RAID RAID technology is the most common method to provide data resiliency. With RAID (Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks), data is redundantly stored on multiple disks such that, should one disk fail, the data can still be reconstructed. RAID arrays typically provide a hot-swappable capability so that a failed disk can be replaced without taking down the array. There are several configurations of RAID. Most stripe data across multiple disks to achieve improved performance. Mirrored disks, used by fault-tolerant systems and designated as RAID 1, provide an entire copy of the database on a backup disk. The most common form of RAID in use today is RAID 5, which provides one additional disk and which stripes data and parity across disks. Since there is one extra disk, the data can be reconstructed...
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...JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD M. TECH (REAL TIME SYSTEMS) COURSE STRUCTURE AND SYLLABUS I YEAR I SEMESTER Code Group Subject L P Credits Advanced Computer Architecture 3 0 3 Advanced Micro Controllers 3 0 3 Fundamentals of Real Time Systems 3 0 3 Design & Development of Real Time Systems 3 0 3 Elective -I Digital Control Systems Distributed Operating Systems Cloud Computing 3 0 3 Elective -II Digital Systems Design Fault Tolerant Systems Advanced Computer Networks 3 0 3 Lab Micro Processors and Programming Languages Lab 0 3 2 Seminar - - 2 Total Credits (6 Theory + 1 Lab.) 22 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY (REAL TIME SYSTEMS) I SEMESTER ADVANCED COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE UNIT I Concept of instruction format and instruction set of a computer, types of operands and operations; addressing modes; processor organization, register organization and stack organization; instruction cycle; basic details of Pentium processor and power PC processor, RISC and CISC instruction set. UNIT II Memory devices; Semiconductor and ferrite core memory, main memory, cache memory, associative memory organization; concept of virtual memory; memory organization and mapping; partitioning, demand paging, segmentation; magnetic disk organization, introduction to magnetic tape and CDROM. UNIT III IO Devices, Programmed IO, interrupt driver IO, DMA IO modules, IO addressing; IO channel...
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...| Disaster plan | | | | 6/6/2010 | | Abstract This is a disaster plan that I created for the IST Department of XYZ Computers company in order to prevent any future problems that may arise such as the situation they had over the weekend when a major water pipe broke and flooded the first floor, causing extensive damage to the servers. Included in the disaster plan I will address a few issues that will aid the company in protecting against such things as any natural disasters that may occur as well as any other occurrences that may deem necessary for such a disaster plan. I will detail my recommendations for using a RAID system for data protection in order to have a well placed back up plan with the most up to date information possible. In short I plan to properly detail a disaster plan the best possible way that I can in order to have a good disaster recovery plan in place rather than having to spend the time and money on extra recovery efforts. Hopefully having such a plan in place will keep from losing important data to unforeseen issues, such as natural disasters due to the geographical location among other issues that may arise at the most in opportune time possible. When creating a disaster plan the first thing to keep in mind is to do a complete risk assessment of the entire existing computer systems. In order to accomplish this task all the risks and probabilities will need to be noted such as any delays to system uptime and how close at hand these...
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...LAN Consulting Plan IT/240 February 26, 2012 James (Garrett) Miller LAN Consulting Plan Data Assurance: 1. Backup system: a. Type? Backup of data will be done with the Norton 360 version 6.0 antivirus protection suite provided backup utility, Symantec Backup Exec. There are two types of backup for this network. The first is a digital tape drive backup that is located on site for intermediate recovery based on the disaster conditions. The second backup is a mirror backup on a bank of servers at an external site to ensure the security of the data in the case of total disaster of the network site. b. Backup Schedule? The backup schedule will be determined by the importance of the information. Business critical information will be backed up at the completion of the task. A scheduled mirror backup will be done daily during the off business hours. c. Backup Data Storage plan? The first backed up data will be stored on an independent server drive using RAID at the main site location for ease of access in the case of an independent component failure. The second backup will be also use RAID and be stored at a different graphical location than the network. Data Integrity: 1. Antivirus system: a. Type? Norton 360 version 6.0 antivirus program is installed at each geographical location including the offsite backup of the network. This security protection will provide virus protection, spyware protection, and scan incoming and outgoing e-mail...
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...LAN Consulting Plan IT/240 February 26, 2012 James (Garrett) Miller LAN Consulting Plan Data Assurance: 1. Backup system: a. Type? Backup of data will be done with the Norton 360 version 6.0 antivirus protection suite provided backup utility, Symantec Backup Exec. There are two types of backup for this network. The first is a digital tape drive backup that is located on site for intermediate recovery based on the disaster conditions. The second backup is a mirror backup on a bank of servers at an external site to ensure the security of the data in the case of total disaster of the network site. b. Backup Schedule? The backup schedule will be determined by the importance of the information. Business critical information will be backed up at the completion of the task. A scheduled mirror backup will be done daily during the off business hours. c. Backup Data Storage plan? The first backed up data will be stored on an independent server drive using RAID at the main site location for ease of access in the case of an independent component failure. The second backup will be also use RAID and be stored at a different graphical location than the network. Data Integrity: 1. Antivirus system: a. Type? Norton 360 version 6.0 antivirus program is installed at each geographical location including the offsite backup of the network. This security protection will provide virus protection, spyware protection, and scan incoming and outgoing e-mail...
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...Outline Database 2 Data Protection for Business Continuity Introduction Motivation Recovery Objective Data Protection Techniques Classes of Data Mapping of Company Size, Classes of Data, and Techniques Denny (denny@cs.ui.ac.id) International Bachelor Program Faculty of Computer Science 2004/2005 Version 1.0 - Internal Use Only DB2/DP/DN/V1.0/2 Introduction Why do we need data protection? SEPTEMBER 11, 2001 = 100 MEGABYTES OF DATA MORE THAN US$ 1 MILLION DATA PROTECTION DB2/DP/DN/V1.0/3 DB2/DP/DN/V1.0/4 1 Why do we need data protection? Causes of unplanned outages (Disaster Recovery Journal, 2001) Why Do We Need High Data Availability? CAN COST 1 HOUR OF DOWNTIME US$ 6.5 MILLION DB2/DP/DN/V1.0/5 DB2/DP/DN/V1.0/6 Why Do We Need High Data Availability? Data Protection and Business Continuity So, in this topic, we will see: techniques to protect data and ensure business continuity when disaster occurs. GLOBALISATION DB2/DP/DN/V1.0/7 DB2/DP/DN/V1.0/8 2 Recovery Objective LAST BACKUP DISASTER OCCURRED SYSTEM BACK TO OPERATION Data Protection Techniques Overview 1. TIME DATA LOSS RECOVERY POINT OBJECTIVE (RPO) RECOVERY TIME OBJECTIVE (RTO) 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Vaulting Physical: backup to tape Electronic: backup over the Internet Server fortification RAID: same copies, or split into several disks Dual power supplies Network cluster NAS: independent disks connected directly to network SAN: a network...
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...enough to secure the information. Additional control features must be considered to guarantee the security of the server and help them mitigate risks. 2. Name the six essential control features that contribute directly to the security of the computer server Ans. a. The physical location of the computer center directly affects the risk of destruction to a natural or man-made disaster. b. Computer center should be located in a single-story building of solid construction with controlled access c. Access to the computer center should be limited to the operators and other employees who work there. d. Computers function best in an air-conditioned environment, and providing adequate air conditioning is often a requirement of the vendor’s warranty e. The implementation of an effective fire suppression system is essential as fire could seriously endanger a firm’s computer equipment f. Fault tolerance which is the property that enables a system to continue operating properly in the event of the failure of (or one or more faults within) some of its components. CASE 4: Disaster Recovery Plans p.64-65 Required 1. Describe the computer...
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...financial risk P * M = C P: Probability of harm M: Magnitude of harm C: Cost of prevention Prudent man rule exercise the same care in managing the company affairs as in managing one's own affairs 1. Which of the following is considered the most important component of the enterprisewide continuity planning program? c. Executive management support 2. During the threat analysis phase of the continuity planning methodology, which of the following threats should be addressed? a. Physical security b. Environmental security c. Information security d. All of the above d. All of the above 3. The major objective of the business impact assessment process is to: a. Prioritize time-critical business processes b. Determine the most appropriate recovery time objective for business processes c. Assist in prioritization of IT applications and networks d. All of the above d. All of the above 4. Continuity of IT technologies or IT...
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...Best practices for Disaster Recovery. Research Assignment 9 Robert Montini (18738519) Mr. Troianos Research Assignment 9 Robert Montini (18738519) Mr. Troianos Best practices for securing SQL Server. Best Practices for Disaster Recovery. Bad things happen, but to a corporation, entity or country, a bad thing happening to its server is worse than bad. It’s a Disaster. The loss of crucial information, records and vital statistics can bring the death to whatever the data base is associated to. That is why Disaster Recovery is one of the most prioritized tasks a data base team may face. Given that the creating a data base is in itself the major goal, protecting that data base should a disaster befall it is as important. There are numerous ways to do this. This paper deals with the best practices of how to accomplish this. The first thing should be to make a backup plan. This should: 1. A computer where the backup will be stored 2. What programs that will be used to back up the database 3, The computers to be backed up 4. A schedule of when to backup new data to the data base 5. The offsite location where the data base recovery data will be stored The second practice is to document all the changes that are made to the database. These include service packs, hot fixes and QFEs that have been applied. This is crucial for getting a data base restored to its original state should a disaster occur. These steps should be implemented to help prevent or minimize the...
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...DRP / ECP Disaster Recovery Plan Enterprise Continuity Plan This presentation will explore the different parts and pieces necessary for a successful Disaster Recovery Plan / Enterprise Continuity Plan. More specifically, this presentation will provide information needed to garner and bolster support for such a plan from the university’s executive team. A well prepared, maintained and rehearsed recovery and/or continuity plan should have the ability to keep the university up and running throughout any type of disruptive event. DRP/ECP Team Members & Roles ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Crisis Management Team Administrative Support Team Damage Assessment Team Recovery Coordination Team Corporate Communications Team Human Resources Support Team Site Restoration Team Transportation Support Team System Restoration Team Voice Recovery Team and End-User Tech Support Team The Crisis Management Team should be a cohort of upper level management that will be responsible for all significant decision making in response to the current event. Only specific members of the Crisis Management team should be authorized to declare an emergency and decide on the appropriate action. Key responsibilities of this group include: analyzation of preliminary reports, disaster declaration, determination of appropriate response, activation of contingency plans and notification of team leaders (Hiles, 2010). The Administrative Support Team includes representatives from all major departments who can provide...
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