...expansion driven by factors such as low-cost carriers (LCC), modern airports, foreign direct investments (FDI) in national carriers, cutting edge information technology (IT) interventions and a growing emphasis on regional connectivity. The most significant development in the Indian domestic market is the increasing dominance of the low-cost carrier model, which has modernized the aviation industry by extending the choice of the air transport to customers at the lowest costs. Also, LCCs have driven the growth of aviation through the introduction of regional routes and periodic discount offers, thus accounting for huge benefits to the Indian aviation sector. This...
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...Cycle Costing (LCC) is an important economic analysis used in the selection of alternatives that impact both pending and future costs. It compares initial investment options and identifies the least cost alternatives for a twenty year period. As applied to building design energy conservation measures, the process is mandated by law and is defined in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 10, Part 436, Subpart A: Program Rules of the Federal Energy Management Program. The A/E shall contact local utility companies to determine available demand-side management programs and nocost assistance provided by these companies to designers and owners. Applications Basic applications of LCC are addressed within the individual chapters herein and may be further defined within an A-E’s design programming scope requirements. In general, LCC is expected to support selection of all building systems that impact energy use: thermal envelope, passive solar features, fenestration, HVAC, domestic hot water, building automation and lighting. However, LCC can also be applied to building features or involve costs related to occupant productivity, system maintenance, environmental impact and any other issue that impacts costs over time. It is very important to recognize the significance of integrated building systems design in the overall e iciency of the design. Methodology There are many established guidelines and computerbased tools that e ectively support Present Value LCC analyses. The...
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...AIRLINE INDUSTRY A STUDY ECO 203 NYC ROSA MARIA MAGPANTAY, RN, BSN, CCRN INTRODUCTION Since the inception of flight in 1903, air travel industry has been a crucial means of transportation for people and products. The invention of the first aircraft hundred-plus years ago brought about a revolution of how people travel. It has been a dynamically changing industry. Air travel remains a large and growing industry. It facilitates world trade, economic growth, tourism and international investment, and is therefore central to the globalization of many other industries. This paper will discuss the characteristics of airline industry in the United States with more focus on passenger airlines, its market structure and competitive environment, market shares and profits, recent developments, technology and innovation, and the future of the industry. U.S. AIRLINES The airlines are classified in many ways. It can be classified based on their size, revenue, and what they transport. The most common classifications are major passenger airlines, low-cost carriers, airfreight, and regional or commuter carriers. As of December 2014, there were 18 major carriers, which defined by the United States Department of Transportation as an airline that posts more than $1 billion in revenue during a fiscal year. Eleven of which are mainline passenger airlines, four are freight carriers, and three regional airlines. The mainline passenger airlines are Alaska Airlines, American Airlines...
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...1. Political a)Uniform of hostess: UMNO members wanted it to be more "Islamic" b)Some decisions are made by the govt (landing rights,services to certain routes,equity ownership); take the case of Subang for example, Airasia applied to use Subang as their hub, was turned down by the govt. Now the govt has allowed Firefly (a subsdiary of MAS) to operate from Subang. c)Political influence could also affect the HR policies of Airasia - recruitment and selection of staff do not necessarily be based on merits but also on the racial composition.. etc etc 2. Economics a)The rising cost of oil - impacts on operating costs b)Competition - more new low-cost airlines now c)Availability of funds - are financial institutions willing to provide financing for Airasia's investments. etc etc 3. Social a)The standards of living of people in destinations served by Airasia - they have the ability to pay for air travel b)Tastes and lifestyles of people - are they willing to fly on low-cost airlines? c)The nature of its workforce - will they be able to cope with the changes implemented in Airasia? Some of the staff are former employees of other full-service airlines; some of the old habits/norms are still with them.. etc etc 4. Technology a) Most of the bookings for Airasia is made through the internet.. The technology depends on the effectiveness of overall IT...
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...Title: Low Cost airlines Industry in India An overview of the Indian aircraft industry The Indian economy has grown at an average rate of around 8% in the last decade. The rise in business and leisure travel (both domestic & international) due to this growth, India emerging as a major origin and destination for international travel have all had a significant impact on commercial aviation in India. According to the airports authority of India (AAI), the passenger traffic is expected to grow at over 20% in the next five years. On the supply side, since 2003, when low fare travel in India was ushered in, a number of low cost carriers (LCC) have entered this fast growing market. However, all of the LCC carriers and - with rare exceptions – even the full service carriers (FSC) charging higher fares have been making losses. By and large, operating a commercial airline in India so far has not been a profitable business. In 2007, the industry witnessed a wave of consolidations primarily to stem the tide of red ink. Boom and bust in Indian aviation industry Air India and Indian Airlines retained a monopoly over civil aviation in India till 1992. The deregulation of the Indian economy that started in the mid-1980s, and proceeded more aggressively after the New Economic Policy in 1991, led to calls for opening up of the airline sector. Over the following years, several new airlines including Damania, EastWest, Jet, Sahara, Modiluft and NEPC started operations. However, high...
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...The European Airline industry has gone through a lot in the past century since the establishment of the first public airline after the World War I. Until a few decades ago most of these airlines were national and at least partially state owned, and most of the European countries had at least one, with direct government control. Significant change in this only came in the 1990’s with the appearance of the low cost airlines. While the business model existed for some time (first such in 1973 US), the appearance of these in the European market needed the liberalization brought forth by the EU, implementing the „Freedoms of the air” in three stages. In 1997 the first LCC (Low Cost Carrier), the Ryanair began its operation, and in a few years a few more followed, which gave the national and network airlines a new problem to the existing economic problem, shrinking market and others such as 9/11. By today the changes in the past two decades have shifted and diversified the industry, which was once a mature and to some level declining in structure. The new regulations, companies, investors and consumers have brought new life, the industry once again mature with fragmented characteristics. The ideal tool for the assessment of the airlines industry is Michael Porter’s five force model. It aims to find and demonstrate the forces in the microenvironment which influence the industry, internal and external as well. Threat of new entrants (barriers to entry) • High capital investment ˇ ...
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...Air Asia – Strategic IT Initiative Submitted by: Charles Kho Sandy Hofman Aruan Christian Tjitrahardja Ramaratnam Narayanaswamy Faculty of Economics and Commerce University of Melbourne 2005 306-669 Strategic Enterprise Systems Group Project Executive Summary IT is one of the major enablers of AirAsia’s successful low cost business model. Based on the environmental scanning performed, the demand for Low Cost Carrier (LCC) is expected to expand rapidly attracting more players to join the market thus increasing the degree of rivalry within the industry. In responding to this condition, it is imperative for AirAsia to continuously identify new sources of cost advantage so that it can provide the lowest possible price to the price sensitive customer and improve its market position. In this project, Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS) system is recommended as the new source of AirAsia’s cost advantages. Using Venkatraman and Henderson’s model APS fits smoothly to the Technology Transformation Perspective where business strategy acts as a driver. The functionalities provided by APS system to improve AirAsia’s performance include event management technology, supplier portals, inventory planning, demand forecasting, maintenance management, and route profitability analysis. As a result of implementing APS system, AirAsia can obtain both strategic and operational benefits. AirAsia is strongly recommended to outsource the development of APS system. As project management...
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...Air Asia – Strategic IT Initiative Submitted by: Charles Kho Sandy Hofman Aruan Christian Tjitrahardja Ramaratnam Narayanaswamy Faculty of Economics and Commerce University of Melbourne 2005 306-669 Strategic Enterprise Systems Group Project Executive Summary IT is one of the major enablers of AirAsia’s successful low cost business model. Based on the environmental scanning performed, the demand for Low Cost Carrier (LCC) is expected to expand rapidly attracting more players to join the market thus increasing the degree of rivalry within the industry. In responding to this condition, it is imperative for AirAsia to continuously identify new sources of cost advantage so that it can provide the lowest possible price to the price sensitive customer and improve its market position. In this project, Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS) system is recommended as the new source of AirAsia’s cost advantages. Using Venkatraman and Henderson’s model APS fits smoothly to the Technology Transformation Perspective where business strategy acts as a driver. The functionalities provided by APS system to improve AirAsia’s performance include event management technology, supplier portals, inventory planning, demand forecasting, maintenance management, and route profitability analysis. As a result of implementing APS system, AirAsia can obtain both strategic and operational benefits. AirAsia is strongly recommended to outsource the development of APS system. As project management...
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...Life cycle cost comparison: Primozone GM192 vs. Ozonia CFV15 A guide of how to create value for your customer. Course: ISM 13 Module 3 Pricing Authors: Blume, Anna 900711 Collu, Giulia 850511 Tutor & Examiner: Hand in date: 1 Caesar, Peter 15-01-15 Primozone Abstract This paper is aimed at providing a comparison of the total cost of owner ship (TCO) of two comparable products through the tool of a lifecycle cost analysis (LCCA). The compared products are ozone generators from Primozone and Ozonia. Firstly the importance of pricing is presented followed by the discussion of the four most common pricing approaches and the best pricing method according to literature to achieve high margins is introduced. The described topics will be explained in detail in the theoretical framework followed by a comprehensive description of how value based pricing can be put into practice through economic value analysis and quantification and be therefore used as sales arguments based on the LCCA presented in Appendix A. The parameters for the LCCA were chosen with the help of the head of sales of Primozone, Jürgen Bischhaus. The collected data are presented in Chapter 4 and implemented into the excel spreadsheet in Appendix A. Several changing parameter scenarios were applied with the result that Primozone outperforms Ozonia in each of them except energy consumption, which are marginally higher, but not significantly. This also results in the ability...
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...international first class featuring amenity-filled cubicles with fully reclining seat/beds and attentive in-flight service. This assignment is intended to illustrate the variety of airline product offerings available and stimulate thinking about how best to serve the diverse wants and needs of passengers. Europe’s Ryanair is well known for its cheap fares and bare-bones service. Europe’s old line network carriers including British Airways, Air France/KLM and Lufthansa, on the other hand, offer more choices and features within Europe and to major destinations worldwide. In Asia, low-cost-airlines are rapidly expanding in the marketplace. Air Asia and Jetstar are two of the larger LCCs (along with their various subsidiaries). Asia also is home to many full-service airlines such as Japan Airlines, Air China, Cathay Pacific, Singapore, and Korean Air. In a short research paper, compare and contrast a chosen LCC with a full-service airline using Doganis’ 5 key product features as a framework (price, schedule, comfort, convenience, and image). Choose one or two city-pairs served by both carriers on which to base the comparison. Summarize your findings and emphasize critical differences. Extensive data, such as the ancillary fee structure, may be best presented in a table. Discuss the passenger segment(s) targeted by each airline. Next, compare the airlines’ profit history using a common metric such as margin on total revenue. Conclude with an evaluation of each carrier’s overarching...
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...Air Asia – Strategic IT Initiative Submitted by: Charles Kho Sandy Hofman Aruan Christian Tjitrahardja Ramaratnam Narayanaswamy Faculty of Economics and Commerce University of Melbourne 2005 306-669 Strategic Enterprise Systems Group Project Executive Summary IT is one of the major enablers of AirAsia’s successful low cost business model. Based on the environmental scanning performed, the demand for Low Cost Carrier (LCC) is expected to expand rapidly attracting more players to join the market thus increasing the degree of rivalry within the industry. In responding to this condition, it is imperative for AirAsia to continuously identify new sources of cost advantage so that it can provide the lowest possible price to the price sensitive customer and improve its market position. In this project, Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS) system is recommended as the new source of AirAsia’s cost advantages. Using Venkatraman and Henderson’s model APS fits smoothly to the Technology Transformation Perspective where business strategy acts as a driver. The functionalities provided by APS system to improve AirAsia’s performance include event management technology, supplier portals, inventory planning, demand forecasting, maintenance management, and route profitability analysis. As a result of implementing APS system, AirAsia can obtain both strategic and operational benefits. AirAsia is strongly recommended to outsource the development of APS system. As project management...
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...2/14/2014 | Word count: 1972 | Concept of LCC The concept of Life-cycle-cost (LCC) was originally proposed and used by the U.S. Department of Defence, mainly applied to the procurement of important U.S. military equipment. LCC refers to total costs involved in the entire life cycle of a product, mainly covering research , experimentation, procurement, maintenance, transportation and storage . As a frontier cost management theory, it believes that the value of procurement activity is not simply limited to purchase price, but has more significance in terms of other associated costs, such as transaction costs, financing costs, maintenance and use costs, and opportunity losses. Although invisible, these costs cannot be ignored. The basic meaning of LCC is to achieve the lowest cost of equipment in the total life cycle of ownership on the basis of meeting requirements of reliability. According to the international standard for life-cycle-cost prepared by International Electro technical Commission, LCC includes costs occurring in a number of stages, such as concept and definition, design and development, manufacturing, installation, operation, maintenance, and disposal. The total costs can be calculated by summarizing related costs at each stage and generally be divided into procurement costs, ownership costs and disposal costs. ( International standard 60300-3-3, 2004) LCC=C procurement + C ownership + C disposal Total Cost of...
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...org/daf/competition/airlinecompetition.htm. English - Or. English JT03358883 Complete document available on OLIS in its original format This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. DAF/COMP(2014)14 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 3 1. Features of the airline industry ............................................................................................................. 4 1.1. Liberalisation of the air transportation industry .......................................................................... 4 Business models and industry consolidation............................................................................... 6 1.2. a. LCC entry and new business models...
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...Low Cost Carriers An analysis of the Low Cost Carriers and its model with implications for the future of the industry segment. 2/23/2014 [Student ID Number] [Name] Low Cost Carriers Has there been too much hype about the Low Cost Carrier concept? Characterize the LCC business model, assess their reasons for success and failure, is it a sustainable business model, or is it in transition? Can you provide an outlook for the future of this industry? Before delving into the topic, it is necessary to explain what Low Cost Carriers actually entail and what the underlying concept behind it is. There are different names for the low cost carriers which include budget airlines, discount airlines and even no-frill airlines. The concept behind LCC is to present the customer with a low cost air travel but with fewer benefits (Dresner and Lin, 1996). Since the ticket price is low, the airlines puts a price tag for extras in the flight in order to generate more revenue for the revenue lost through decreased prices on tickets. The airline companies are able to generate a low cost operating structure which allows them to charge a lower price and hence maintain a reasonable amount of profitability. In order to analyze the topic, it will be needed to trace the history of the pioneering Low Cost Carriers in the world and how their model started off and how it has evolved over time to accommodate the changing market trends. Various case studies will be looked upon related to different...
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...Exploring Corporate Strategy CLASSIC CASE STUDIES Chaos in the skies – the airline industry pre- and post-9/11 Gary J. Stockport The case provides an opportunity to analyse the Airline Industry both pre- and post-9/11. It shows how one major event in the business environment can reshape many aspects in both the macro and competitive environment of an industry. In turn this requires a reshaping of strategies for most of the individual companies in the industry in order to cope with this new environment. It also provides an opportunity for students to recommend how airlines might better plan for, as well as react to, disruptive events such as 9/11 happening in the future. ● ● ● This is a true story from the many stories of 11 September 2001. It was a typically routine early morning flight home. United flight 890 had left Narita Japan several hours earlier, and the sun would be coming up any minute. Captain Jim Hosking was looking forward to getting home to see his wife in LA. Suddenly a message from the cockpit teleprinter came in from the US Federal Aviation Authority (FAA). Such messages were routine, advising of bad weather or maintenance requirements. However, this message was different and it read: UA890 NRTLAX – –MESSAGE FROM CHIDD– THERE HAS BEEN A TERRORIST ATTACK AGAINST UAL AND AAL AIRCRAFT. WE ARE AT HIGH ALERT. WE ARE ADVDa THERE MAY BE ADDTLb HIGHJACKINGS IN PROGRESS. SHUT DOWN ALL ACCESS TO FLIGHT DECK. UNABLE TO ELABORATE FURTHER. a b ADVD – Advised...
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