Premium Essay

Federal Highway Policy

In:

Submitted By lanikevin1
Words 640
Pages 3
Federal Highway Policy
Leilani Wolford
POL 201
Amy Lyons
01/19/2015

Federal Highway Policy Age—it is nothing but a number—as many people say. With age comes wisdom, and with wisdom, wise decisions are made. Maintaining the minimum legal drinking age at 21 will deter life-long consequences, decrease traffic fatalities in result of alcohol consumption, and relieve issues in relation to public safety.
In 1984, the National Minimum Drinking Age Act mandated that all states increase the minimum age purchase and consumption to 21. Under the Federal Highway Aid act, also referred to as the National Interstate of Defense Highways Act which was established in 1956, states that do not adhere to this requirement faced a highway-fund cutback consequence. Underage drinking, which affects many adolescent-and-young-adult households, is a problem and a significant public health concerns. It is correlated with an abundant array of damaging consequences (Spoth, Greenberg, & Turrisi, 2009, pg. 1, para. 1). Over the past several decades or so, the Minimum Legal Drinking Age (MLDA) has raised debate in the United States. The influence to decrease the MLDA from 21 to 18, 19, or 20 came from a decrease in the legal voting age to 18. A total of 29 states lowered their MLDA between the years of 1970 to 1975. Because of this poorly thought through revision, traffic collision due to alcohol consumption have dramatically increased in adults between the ages of 18-20. With such dramatic outcomes of the MLDA, state-level movements to reverse the MLDA back to the age of 21 came underway in the late 1970’s (Toomey, Nelson, & Lenk, 2009). Michigan was the first state to shift back to the 21 Minimum Legal Drinking Age. Scientific evidence displayed that the lower MLDA, the higher risk of traffic mortality is associated. Thus, vise-versa: the higher the MLDA, the lower the risks

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Hello

...MapMyRun.com | View Bhp Orange Run Marshall 2010 in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia messages (0) HOME my profile MAP NEW RUN my friends my runs SEARCH FOR RUNS my groups Page 1 of 3 my goals MY TRAINING LOG RUNNING EVENTS & RACES COMMUNITY STORIES & Nike+ Integration Download your Nike+ Workouts right into your Training Log. Configure Profile MapMyRun.com is now faster, easier and more fun to use! View the new Site » BHP ORANGE RUN MARSHALL 2010 (6.81 MI.) PETALING JAYA, MALAYSIA ShareThis Link: http://www.mapmyrun.com/run/malaysia/petaling-jaya/937127575073780902 Bhp Orange Run Marshall 2010 Hike Hikes in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia Bhp Orange Run Marshall 2010 Walk Walks in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia Use the URL above to link to this route from your website or embed this map in your blog. View this Route in 3D (Google Earth)** Find more Runs or Map New Run in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia PRIVATE: Created by razaihan | View their User Profile and see their other Runs http://www.mapmyrun.com/view_route?r=937127575073780902 23/Jun/10 MapMyRun.com | View Bhp Orange Run Marshall 2010 in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia Page 2 of 3 Click Grey Border to Drag this Ad Premium Members don't see this Ad - Log In MapMyFitness, Inc. makes no make no warranties as to the conditions, safety, distance, accuracy, or suitability of any route for walking, running forests, wilderness areas, and state, provincial, or national parks maintain...

Words: 508 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Why Iact College Is the Best?

...NAME : ARIKRISNAN A/L GNASEGARAN COURSE : DMC201601 STUDENT ID : 005003 SUBJECT : COMMUNICATION ENGLISH 102 Pre-writing Why Is IACT The Best? Location * Strategic place,Public Transport * LRT,Bus and Taxi stands * Places to hangout&purchase electronics stuffs * Shopping mall Facilities * Gym,Café and PC Labs * To keep the students’ body in shape,variety of food * Free for students,cheap * Saves students’ time and Learning Method * Project Learning Method * Creative and Critical Thinking * Industry based practices * Widen students’ knowledge Outline Introduction-Why pick IACT?How does IACT College became the number one choice for creative study?According to the students’ they choose IACT College due to its Location,Programmes,Facilities and Learning Methods. Body IACT is in the strategic place as it becomes handy for the students. * Petaling Jaya – Number of places to eat (eg.KFC,PIZZA and Subway) * Lots of places to hangout(eg.Jaya Shopping Centre,Jaya One and Digital Mall. * Public Transports – Asia Jaya LRT Station,Bus and Taxi stands IACT provides plenty of facilities to give the students a happy campus life. * Recreational facilities such as Monster Fit Gym to keep fit,Swimming pool to cool off and Bat Cave to relax and release mind tension. * Study facilities such as PC Labs and Mac Labs for the students to do their assingments. IACT provides programmes that...

Words: 735 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

The Ugly American

...Self-determination vs. Aid imposition Joseph Liotta Colorado Technical University Author Note This paper was prepared for International Business: BADM350, DV33-01, taught by Dr. Hugo Villegas on June 2013. In “The Ugly American” we see two different types of ugly Americans. One is physically unattractive, Homer Atkins, while the other’s actions make him ugly, Ambassador Harrison Carter MacWhite. Homer Atkins and his wife, Emma, have more impact on the Sarkhanese people, than anyone else in the U.S. Embassy. Homer and his wife live among the Sarkhanese and work with them on a daily basis. They not only understand the language and culture, but they understand what the Sarkhanese people want and need. At one point, Homer tells Ambassador Harrison Carter MacWhite, that if he allows Homer to builds another hospital further away, the Sarkhanese would gladly build a road between the two places. He (Homer) believes in self-determination. If you give people a reason to do something that is in their best interest, they are more likely to do it; as opposed to a pro quid, pro quo situation. Ambassador Harrison Carter MacWhite believes that since the United States is giving so much financial aid to the people of Sarkhan, that the U.S. should be able to tell the Sarkhanese people to build a road where ever the U.S. wants them to. As an ambassador he lives behind guarded walls and throws extravagant parties. This is a far cry from the man he was, when he and Deong first...

Words: 769 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Place Essay

...Place Essay January 12, 2012 Rasmussen College Place Essay In June of 2010 I went on vacation to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico. It was the most beautiful place that I have ever been to. It was hot, the water was cool and clear, the food was great, and the people were amazing. The culture was also great, the colors in the paintings were bright and vibrant, and the sea life was gorgeous. Not only did I get to see the tourist part of Cabo, I also got to the see the poor and native side to it. The people and the food were amazing. The people were very nice and didn’t have a problem being friends with anyone and they made great and delicious food. The food was outstanding, the right mix of flavors, sweet and savory and sour, and it was the best food I had ever eaten. The landscape was very beautiful as well, the mountains, the beaches, and the homes, were all great and breathe taking. Going from the tourist area to the actual Cabo was a major difference; you went from clean paved roads to dirt roads and the buildings were made out of what the people could find. Some of them were made out of concrete, just like in the tourist area, but only if the family had the money for it. The love the people have for their country has not faltered even though the living conditions are hard, they still get up and go to work. They don’t try to fight their government in any way. The artwork was stunning and fantastic. The colors popped out at you and they were so vibrant. I was amazed at...

Words: 344 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Policy Making in the Federal System Pol201American National Government

...Federal Highway Policy Xanthyne Perrin POL 201 American National Government Professor Angela Cranon-Charles June 8, 2015 When we define the Federal Highway policy, we initially think of the many rules and guidelines that are to be followed when considering operating a motor vehicle. The Federal Highway Policy is placed to make a safer driving experience for many road users that are considering traveling by a motor vehicle. The creation of the Federal Highway Policy system in 1956, which was funded by road users who were paying a federal fuel tax of 18.3 cents per gallon of gasoline (The Heritage Foundation, 2010), which initially lost its since of purpose and today no more than 65% of all federal trust fund spending’s goes to general purpose roads. Like any policy in reference to federalism, there are the pros as well as the cons to any situation. The minimum age of drinking, the safety of the way these roads operate and the speed limits are all considered when discussing the Federal Highway Policy as well as the many issues that takes place in reference to the three issues listed. As we are all familiar, the legal drinking age of alcohol consumption is 21. There are many issues to the legal drinking age and why some agree that is should be lowered. Back in the 1970’s, a trend toward lowering the minimum legal drinking age 18, 19, or 20 took place in the states providing many natural experiments (Wagenarr & Toomey, 2005). As a result of lowering the legal drinking...

Words: 1196 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

Government Issued

...While the federal government provides the fi- nancial aid, the states do the work of constructing and improving the interstate highways. Once the work has been completed, the interstate roads be- long to the state or local governments, which have the responsibility of maintaining them. Today the Federal Highway Administration oversees federal highways and their funding. The FHWA also applies federal safety standards to trucks and buses and does planning and research on highway construction and maintenance. The FHWA’s main job, however, is to administer the massive federal-aid highway program that sup- ports the construction and upkeep of about 25 percent of the nation’s roads. National Highway System Since 1995 the Federal Highway Administration has succeeded in completing 161,000 miles of highway in the National Highway System (NHS) and has moved on to other transportation needs. These include keeping up with increasing demand on existing highways, maintaining road and bridge condi- tions, and reducing traffic fatalities and congestion. Mass Transit The traffic helicopter seldom broadcasts good news for city dwellers. The streets and highways of large and small cities are clogged daily with automobile traffic, and urban planners Could the urban transportation problem be solved with better mass transit systems such as subways, commuter railroads, and bus lines? When properly operated, mass transit can transport more people than individual automobiles and help to reduce congestion...

Words: 544 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Federalism Defined, Pros & Cons

...would be assured to the freedoms of which we hold so dear, but also to ensure that no one person could become a tyrant. On the other hand the federal government does have some powers over the States, and Cities, yet these are inherited as history has shown us giving states free range is not always the best idea. The civil war is a great example of where states wanting to succeed from the USG, allowing them to not adhere to any of the constitutional laws enacted by Congress, such as the abolition of slavery, and their desire to create their own currency. By spreading the power between the federal government, and local government the citizens are encouraged to stay active in their government, and the policies they put in to place.  Some of the benefits of federalism includes a lot of which many people may take for granted. Our highway system is one that everyone benefits from. Even if they do not drive, any goods they may purchase from a store, was transported on these highways. If this was left up to the states to govern, then we could be driving on one side of the road in one state, and have to switch over to the other side when entering a different state. With our federal government financing our highway system they make sure that practically all major highway rules remain the same from state to state. Another advantage to the federal system is our public education system. This is probably the most important benefit from federalism as if we did not educate our young children...

Words: 459 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

English 122

...has continued to evolve and expand in America the transportation policy has lacked the same evolvement and growth. Faced with an ever growing population and an economy that depends on transportation more than ever, American transportation network is based on a policy that has not been significantly updated since the 1950’s. With a policy that is so out of date it has become increasingly hard to secure funding to maintain and build new roads, this is where the issue of federalism arrives. Working with the federal, state and local government there has to be a solution to the transportation policy. The Transportation Policy as we know it today started as the Interstate program according to Shirayanagi, H., & Kitamura, Y. (2011) “in 1956 also called the 1956 Federal-Aid Highway Act, appropriated $25 billion (about $197 billion in 2009 dollars) to build 41,000 miles of multi-lane, limited access highways.” (p.253) While it was done to connect states and make it easier for economic center to connect it helped develop travel within cities themselves. These highways were built with 90 percent federal funding the only problem was that the local government did not get any money to improve the transportation systems. Fast-forward to August 2005 according to Shirayanagi, H., & Kitamura, Y. (2011) “ the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: (SAFETEA-LU) which is our current transportation policy signed by President George W. Bush, authorized $286.5 billion dollars...

Words: 935 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Transportation

...Urban Transportation Scott D. Ulrich Cleveland State University UST 302 May 7, 2015 The development of urban transportation has not changed with the cities; cities have changed with transportation. In the early years of transportation it was the mass transit of horse and buggies or electric rail cars that shaped cities. Then as the automobile became affordable to the public, personal transportation redefined the city as it was known. It is the automobile and the movement to the suburbs that has public transportation struggling to make money today. The very first transportation was with the horse. Then someone came up with the idea to pair a horse up with a buggy. Now four to six people could be carried at one time. These horse and buggies began to be common sight in cities and public transportation was born. Before the horse and buggy people were confined to the distance they could walk, so cities could not grow much. People lived in the central business district because that is where they worked. Now with the simple horse and buggy, people that can afford the transportation can move a mile or two out of the central city (Taaffe, Guathier, O’Kelly 2000). The big explosion of growth and increased ridership came at the turn of the century. The cause of this explosion was the electric streetcars that were installed in many cities. Whichever direction the rail lines were laid down and the streetcar moved, people began building their homes...

Words: 3211 - Pages: 13

Free Essay

Mr. or Dr. of P

...Reduction of Federal Budget Deficit Author Institution United States federal government has run deficit budgets in 36 out of the last 40 years. A deficit budget occurs when government spending exceeds the total taxes collected. The government of the day has to borrow either internally or externally to fund the debt. Budget deficits are not necessarily bad because they accelerate economic growth (Alesina & Ardagna, 2010). However, debt increases beyond certain levels impact the economy negatively. For instance, high government debt implies that the savings generated in the economy will be used to repay the debt instead of being invested in development activities. High interest costs created by huge debts discourage work and savings are reduced. US annual debt currently stands at 7 percent of gross domestic product compared to the general average of 3 percent of GDP. This paper suggests different policy options that should be undertaken to reduce the budget deficit by 2.5 trillion US dollars over the next 10 years. Some of the policies relate to reduce spending while others relate to increase taxes. By applying the following measures, the federal government will be able to reduce spending by 940 billion dollars, increase revenue by 1561 billion dollars and eliminate 2.501 trillion dollars from the federal budget deficit. By increasing taxes on alcoholic beverages by 40, cents on a fifth of liquor and 50 cents on a six-pack of beer or a bottle of wine, the federal government...

Words: 876 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Urban Renewal During The 1940's

...Urban renewal was problematic for cities, despite the federal policy aiming to improve urban life. The federal government’s objective was to improve the quality of life after the Great Depression through various factors, such as public housing and job employment. Policies centered on housing aimed to serve as politics of slum clearance. The 1949 Housing Act was enacted to re-build the cities, eliminate slums and blight while providing decent housing. Ideally the policy sounded beneficial for the community, however it was problematic due to the standard of “slum” and “blight”. During the 1940’s, blacks predominately lived in low quality areas, which were considered to be blight. The policy instilled “black removal” because of blacks being forced...

Words: 335 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Manage

...expects the states to comply, but in this case it does not provide the states with the needed funding. The states are then forced to pay for nationally mandated programs on their own. Another example of an unfunded mandate is No Child Left Behind, a law passed by Congress in 2002 that requires schools to meet certain educational outcomes, as usually demonstrated through standardized tests. The law expanded the federal government's role in education, which had traditionally been a state function. The law also requires states to demonstrate academic progress in their schools; provide the federal government with a range of information (a report card) on things like student achievement and performance by school districts; ensure that teachers meet minimum qualifications; and annually test students in grades three through eight in English and mathematics (with other subjects to be added later). The issue of unfunded mandates has been a contentious one. Critics claim that it forces states to spend money they do not have. They also claim that it forces them to pursue policies they do not necessarily agree with or at least do not consider a priority. To this extent, it distorts their priorities As an example, nowhere in the main body of the Constitution does it say that the national government will be responsible for providing public education. You may be used to getting a free education in a public school, but it is not a constitutionally guaranteed right. Rather, in the absence of...

Words: 2108 - Pages: 9

Premium Essay

Policing Functions Paper

...The roles of policing from the local, state, and federal all have several roles, that they must take part in everyday. Law enforcement has different branches that oversee a variety of jurisdictions. All of these variety jurisdictions have a main purpose, to protect citizens and enforce laws that have been passed. Depending on your jurisdiction and what you are doing will decide on what type of law enforcement will be assisting you in the activity. The various policing functions of local, state and federal all have their own roles and are important for each jurisdiction. The most common law enforcement that we see in our daily lives is the local police department. The main goal for the local law enforcement is to uphold the laws on streets and in their neighborhoods that they patrol. Our local police department consists of 83.5 employees, which of these 57 are sworn police officers (City of San Luis Obispo, 2012). Local law enforcement provides service to their community and to special assignments. Special assignments can include field training, crime scene investigator, SWAT, and others. Many individuals look at their local law enforcement as people who do not respect their community members. This is not the case in many situations. Law enforcement is in place to help communities and the individuals who live there. If there was no local law enforcement in communities, criminal activities would be out of control. If an individual respects a police officer...

Words: 1062 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Jails and Prisons

...United States Law Enforcement United States Law Enforcement Elsie Farias CJA/204 Introduction to Criminal Justice Professor William McCauley University of Phoenix November 9, 2011 United States Law Enforcement Police agencies, the field of law enforcement, were developed as the embodiment of the laws created by society, government, being physically enforced. The objective behind these agencies is to protect individual and community rights as well as reduce the civil disorder. In the U.S. alone, there are thousands and thousands of law enforcement agencies ranging from local, state and federal levels. Each agency’s jurisdiction that is”the extent or range of judicial law enforcement or other authority…” (Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary of Law, 2001), is set forth by laws including procedural law which is defined by the United States Supreme Court. As of September 11, 2001, the framework for all the police agencies was altered completely by the development of the United States Department of Homeland Security. The jurisdiction at all levels of law enforcement was restricted as well as the application of services. The American Law Enforcement system, that is, uniformed police officers responding to calls and investigating possible crimes, was developed hundreds and hundreds of years ago in England. At the time, the goal was to prevent crime by using constant patrols of the community. In the United States, the first police agency was established in the 1840’s in...

Words: 843 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Federalism

...What Is Federalism? POL110 Federalism defines a concept contrary to the federal government that takes all the authority of control. Federalism implies division of command among the levels of government. The central government does not take full control of the relationships of the nation but there is sharing of command between the governments at national and state levels. The Federal association has members from diverse groups represented by their heads and leaders and are held together by a required covenant. (Wilson/Diiulio/Bose,2014) Before the political system was in place today, the colonies was later formed the United States have their own government and political system based on the traditions and culture of its citizens. Before the alliance, every state exercises its own command governed by laws unique to its citizens that may be not practically relevant to the other states (Bohm & Haley, 2007). The birth of United States as an integrated nation brought changes to the system. Federal government evolved following the creation and implementation of the United States Constitution. The state governments were not abolished with the conference that states will partially lose their sovereignty or independence. (Wilson/Diiulio/Bose,2014) American Federalism ever since then has been observed constitutionally conceding the national and state governments to apply their exclusive powers but also mandatory to share in other powers. For example, the power to print money, declare...

Words: 1044 - Pages: 5