...national economic target is reliant on the achievement of our agricultural sector- It devotes 24% to the country’s total Gross Domestic Product. Cotton, Wheat and Sugarcane are dominant yield having budgetary importance. The manure is an important aid, which hikes the production in agriculture. Pakistan is an agricultural country but the use of fertilizers is three times lower than that of the advanced countries of the world. We are not still self-dependent in meeting the need of our basic food grain, soil deterioration, nutrient mining. The meager use of fertilizer adds more burden to the existing problems. The Manure sector in Pakistan presently is encompassed by 10 companies, 4 of which are in the public sector (Hazara Phosphate Fertilizer (Pvt) Limited, Lyallpur Chemical & Fertilizer Limited, Pak Arab Fertilizer Limited, and Pak American Fertilizers Limited) while 6 are in the private sector (Engro Chemicals Pakistan Limited, Dawood Hercules Chemicals Limited, Fauji Fertilizer Company Limited and Fauji Fertilizer Bin Qasim Company Limited, Pak China Fertilizer and Pak Saudi Fertilizer Company Limited — now owned by FFC). Fertilizer demand in the country is met from both domestic production and imports. The annual production capacities are as follows: urea 4.3 million tons, DAP (Di Ammonium Phosphate) 450 thousand tons, CAN (Calcium Ammonium Nitrate) 450 thousand tons, NP (Nitrogen Phosphate) compounds 305 thousand tons, SSP (Single Super Phosphate) 180 thousand tons and...
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...Fertilizes and pesticides have been really important to farmers all over the world and the consumption of such chemicals increase every year even though in Greece the consumption decreases. “Fertilizers are any solid, liquid or gaseous substances containing one or more plant nutrients in known amount, that is applied to the soil, directly on the plant (foliage) or added to aqueous solutions (as in fertigation) to maintain soil fertility, improve crop development, yield and/or crop quality” (International Fertilizer Industry, No Date). From the other hand “pesticides are chemicals used to prevent, destroy, or repel pests” (EPA, 5/9/2012). Fertilizes and pesticides have a big history which starts decade ago as technology improves the methods of using pesticides and fertilizers changes rapidly. The first pesticide according to Toxipedia (Katerina Lah, May 09 2011) was created by the Chinese around 1000BC and it was sulfur, the Chinese were using sulfur back then to control bacteria and fungus. Sulfur is also used nowadays from farmers in fungides to protect the plant from diseases. The next big invention again by the Chinese was arsenic, arsenic was uses as insecticide (Kill insects) and as herbicide (Weed killer). This category of pesticides is called mineral and metals, but the most important pesticides that humans use are the synthetic ones. The most important synthetic pesticides are the DDTs. DDT was firs use in huge amount in WWII to control the lice that spread typhus and...
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...ANALYSIS OF FERTILIZER INDUTRY OF PAKISTAN PHOENIX PAF KARACHI INSITITUTE OF ECNOMICS AND TECHNOLOGY, KARACHI PAKISTAN Submitted by: MARYAM NISAR (BB-3-06-3416) SIDRA JAMAL (BB-3-06-3428) Course: ANALYSIS OF PAKISTANI INDUSTRY Submitted to: Mr. QAZI SALMAN 2 PHOENIX Page Table of Contents PRODUCTS: ........................................................................................................................................6 Brands: ..............................................................................................................................................7 SIZE OF INDUSTRY...............................................................................................................................8 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION..................................................................................................................9 FACTORIES LOCATION ...............................................................................................................9 WAREHOUSES ..........................................................................................................................9 TOTAL PRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................10 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT .......................................................................................................................10 TOTAL EXPORT .....................................................
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...Prof. Shakhashiri www.scifun.org Chemistry 103-1 AGRICULTURAL FERTILIZERS: NITROGEN, POTASSIUM, AND PHOSPHORUS Anyone who has grown a garden, maintained a lawn, or kept house plants knows that it is necessary to apply a fertilizer to the soil to keep cultivated plants healthy. As they grow, plants extract nutrients they need from the soil. Unless these nutrients are replenished, plants will eventually cease to grow. In nature, nutrients are returned to the soil when plants die and decay. However, this does not occur with cultivated plants. Humans cultivate plants mainly for food, either for themselves or for livestock. When cultivated plants are harvested, the nutrients that the plants extracted from the soil are taken away. To keep the soil productive, it is necessary to replace these nutrients artificially. The kinds and amounts of nutrients that plants need have been determined and can be supplied by applying to the soil substances that contain these nutrients. A plant contains a great number of chemical compounds. The major compound in all plants is water. The percent of the plant's weight that is water varies greatly from one kind of plant to another, from less than 20% to more than 90%. After the water is removed, the bulk of the dry plant material consists of carbohydrate compounds containing the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Using the energy of sunlight in a process called photosynthesis, plants make carbohydrates in their leaves. The carbon and oxygen in carbohydrates...
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...(carbon sulphate oxide) can act as a fertilizer for orchids and help boost the growth of the orchid plant and increase the bloom of its flowers. The investigator had selected this topic due to an interest in the different properties of charcoal and how it can help nature in many ways. The topic was chosen due to the fact that the investigator’s family has a garden with orchids that are even several decades old. The investigator then decided to do experiment with charcoal and orchids to see if charcoal could help the orchid’s flowering. There have been other investigators who have done similar studies and have proved that charcoal can act as an effective fertilizer. Others have proven that charcoal can act as a fertilizer for plants and an enhancer for soil but this investigator would like to know if it can be used specifically for orchids and if it would be the best way to boost an orchid’s bloom and growth. This project can contribute to the attainment of a better quality of life since it is beneficial to the environment because charcoal is organic, affordable and may be used by everyone, and can be used to enhance soil quality, fight global warming and make plants grow better. This can study can fight global warming since it is natural and organic and it will not release chemicals into the environment which damage the land and our air, specifically the ozone layer. Statement of the Problem It is unknown if charcoal can act as a main fertilizer and have an effect on the growth...
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...ABSTRACT This report provide overview of the information on the Pakistan fertilizer situation from 1990-91 to 2008-09. Pakistan rank 46th in the world in terms of fertilizer consumption and its fertilizer usage per hector is 115kgs.This study has been conducted to find out the factors which have been affecting demand for fertilizer as specified equations for nitrogen, phosphorus and potash, are estimated by using the static models. The results are acceptable from both an economic and statistical point of view. Using a linear regression analysis the result indicated that the demand function equation i.e. Y = 2.9723 + 0.0597 (x) can forecast the future demand of the fertilizer. Key Words: Demand; Fertilizer; Pakistan; Regression Analysis; demand function equation; future demand of fertilizer. INTRODUCTION Fertilizers constitute a key component of the modern farm technology for achieving increased production through improving soil fertility. In this modern agricultural era, fertilizer is basic important input to boost yield. Contribution of balanced fertilization towards increased yield is from 30 to 60 percent in different crop production regions of the country. One kg of fertilizer nutrient produces about 8 kg of cereals (wheat, maize and rice), 2.5 kg of cotton and 114 kg of stripped sugarcane. All of our soils are deficient in nitrogen (N), 80-90 percent are deficient in phosphorus (P) and 30 percent in potassium (K), Wide spread deficiency of micronutrients are...
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...agriculture into new areas, may contribute to deforestation, given current pressures on land use. Although historically sustainable, these practices no longer suffice to meet the needs of the current and future population levels and density. Organic sources of nutrients provide fewer nutrients than most people think, but they are usually excellent for improving other aspects of soil fertility. Inorganic sources contain only plant-available nutrients and therefore have no direct influence on soil structure or the presence of microorganisms. This is why agronomists generally consider it optimal to use both organic and inorganic sources together, a technique called Integrated Plant Nutrition Management. The main nutrients in most inorganic fertilizers — nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium — come from the land and the air. They exist in nature, but their plant available forms are not abundant enough for the level of agriculture needed to feed and...
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...Challenges before Indian Fertilizer Industry The growth trajectory of the Indian fertilizer industry has camouflaged the impending challenges with which it is faced. Growth and development of agriculture in India derives a significant stimulus from the fertilizer industry. Agricultural milieu in India could be jeopardized by the uncertainties in the fertilizer industry. The government is faced with the piquant situation, which demands a balance between the needs of the farmers and the fertilizer manufacturers. The challenges before the Indian fertilizer industry relate to the incertitude in the supply of fertilizers. There has been a surge in the demand for fertilizers in the past few years. Good monsoonal showers have led to the growth in agriculture, inadvertently increasing the consumption rate of fertilizers. However, the robust growth in consumption propensity has not been met with the required surge in fertilizer production. This has widened the gap between the demand and supply of fertilizers, which has led to an increase in the dependence of the country on imports. This also reflects on the lack of realizing of the domestic capacity utilization of the reserves in the country. Another important factor that has led to the stunted growth of the fertilizer industry is the rise in prices of the feedstock. The fertilizer industry is dependent on gas for the production of urea and phosphoric acid for the production of phosphatic fertilizers and DAP. The country imports...
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...designed to develop marketing plans and programs leading to the satisfaction of consumer want. The total potential demand is very high fertilizer taking into account the area cultivated .But in real situation ,demand is much high due to various factors .To reduce the market demand farmers have to be educated thoroughly the use of potential fertilizer. The feed the growing population in India, intensive efforts are to be needed to step-up food production from the present level of 200 million tons to 240 million tons in 2010 AD. Contribution of chemical fertilizer in the growth of Indian agriculture has been accepted as one of the major factors. Fertilizer consumption has been increased from a very insignificant level of 0.06 million tones of nutrients in 1951-52 to the present level of 19.14 million tones. Food production is also achieved as 200 million tons compared to 50 million tons in 1951-52. Regarding nitrogenous fertilizer, India is self sufficient to an extent of 86% of annual requirement .The requirement of phosphate is met by imports as the reserve or availability of rock phosphate is small in quantity .During last few decades many technology developments in fertilizers industry have taken place in our country. As a result, new fertilizer materials are also available in Indian market and use of which could help to improve the fertilizer use and save the loss of valuable...
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...economy will be dependent in the sector of agriculture. We all currently rely on industrial agriculture to produce the majority of the food we eat; this type of agriculture is facing problems that may threaten its future. The use of inorganic fertilizers in industrial farming also causes soil pollution. These reasons spur the researchers to undertake this study. The researchers will investigate how commercial fertilizers affect in the growth of Pechay, and the acidity of the soil. Modern fertilizer consists of varying amounts of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). These three are believed to be essential for plants to grow, and are extracted from the soil with each harvest. This is why farmers spread fertilizer on their fields, to replace the nutrients lost. It’s certainly not the ideal and sustainable way to farm, but it’s thought to be the most efficient for large-scale farms. Strategies like crop rotation and allowing large fields to rest would cut too deep into profits that are based on quantity, opposed to quality. Earth's soil is now being depleted of nutrients at more than thirteen percent (13%) the rate it can be replaced. Not only that, but according to some, we may also be facing looming shortages of two critical fertilizer ingredients: phosphorus and potassium. (Dr. Mercola, 2013) In order to increase productivity in supplying plants, the soil needs to be fertile with its...
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...INTRODUCTION Background of the Study In our country’s farm sector, farmers are using chemical products such as fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides to make our agriculture more productive. However, these products are expensive, can endangered or harmful man’s health may bring harmful residues from the chemicals content that may destroy the environment. To give solutions to these problems, researchers are trying to find out some alternative way that are safe to human’s health, cheap and is effective in promoting plant growth without harming the environment. The fertile soil is weed free and rich in organic matter. The recent technologic process to fertile soil that favor high yield is decomposing .This done to assure sufficient nutrients for plant. Likewise organic fertilizer can be produced easily Statement of the Problem The researchers aimed to compare the two different fertilizers namely Dried leaves and Bio waste materials as organic fertilizers for growing tomato plant. The researchers sought answers to the following specific questions: 1. How to produce Organic fertilizers? 2. Which treatment is/are the most effective organic fertilizers for growing tomato plant in terms of: a. Mean Height of plant b. Mean Size of leaves c. Mean Weight of Fruits d. Color of the Leaves 3. Is there any significant difference among the treatments in terms of: ...
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...VALUE OF VERMICAST TO CONVENTIONAL COMPOST AND A SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE TO CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS by Marjonel F. Marges A Research Study presented to the faculty of Lumampong National High School-Indang Annex, Indang, Cavite in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Research I INTRODUCTION Food Production is is the process of transforming raw ingredients into prepared food products. Food production includes industries that take raw food products and convert them into marketable food items. Synthetic fertilizers are commonly used for growing all crops, with application rates depending on the soil fertility, usually as measured by a soil test and according to the particular crop. Studies have shown that application of nitrogen fertilizer on off-season cover crops can increase the biomass (and subsequent green manure value) of these crops, while having a beneficial effect on soil nitrogen levels for the main crop planted during the summer season. Nutrients in soil can be thrown out of balance with high concentrations of fertilizers. The interconnectedness and complexity of this soil ‘food web’ means any appraisal of soil function must necessarily take into account interactions with the living communities that exist within the soil. Stability of the system is reduced by the use of nitrogen containing fertilizers, which cause soil acidification. Applying excessive amounts of fertilizer has negative environmental effects, and wastes the growers' time and money. To avoid...
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...(Magnifera indica) peelings as an organic fertilizer for container plants” INTRODUCTION: Fertilizer is a substance used to promote plant growth. Natural or synthetic chemical substance or mixture used to enrich soil so as to promote plant growth. Plants do not require complex chemical compounds analogous to the vitamins and amino acids required for human nutrition, because plants are able to synthesize whatever compounds they need. It is mostly used in household gardens and farms around the world. It is useful in stimulating the plant growth so, it is most widely used. There are two types of fertilizers, the organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer. They were both created to give off the same purpose; which is to stimulate a plant’s growth, but, there is a difference in their effects otherwise to Mother Nature. They are both made up of different compositions. Organic fertilizers are made of purely organic materials or chemicals while inorganic fertilizers are made up of the mixture of chemicals made by man and some chemicals which naturally come about from nature. Container plants are commonly found in households, one of the most frequently found container plant in households is the Palmera. It is an appropriate plant in testing the fertilizer. The banana (Musa Acuminata) and the mango’s (Magnifera indica) peelings both have chemicals composition (when rotten) that is as almost the same as the organic fertilizers. Since, the banana and mango peeling are...
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...ABSTRACT The project attempts to study the effect of organic manures and inorganic fertilizer on the growth and yield of Amaranthus hybridus grown for six (6) weeks. This project was carried out at the Oyo state college of agriculture, Igboora. The treatments includes; control (no manure or NPK), NPK (500kg/ha), Cow dung (2.5t/ha), NPK(250kg/ha) + Cowdung(1.2t/ha) and treatments was replicated three (3) times, plant height, girth, leaf count, leaf area and biomass yield of Amaranthus hybridus were used as parameters measured for six (6) weeks. The result was analyzed with the use of analysis of variance and the means separated with Duncan multiple ring test at 5% level of significant. The result indicated that the application of NPK(250kg/ha)+Cow dung(1.2t/ha) of organo-mineral fertilizer produce best result in terms of height plant, leaf count, girth and biomass yield of amaranthus hybridus. Statistically, NPK(250kg/ha) + Cowdung(1.2t/ha) is therefore recommended to raise amaranthus hybridus in a low fertile soil for maximum production. 1.0 INTRODUCTION Amaranthus hybridus is an important indigenous plant for rural household in Africa. Amaranthus is one of the oldest food crop. It is now receiving attention and demands information in production and management practices under local small holders conditions. With regards to activities of Nigerian farmers on the soil, there have been a constant degradation in the soil properties like soil structure, texture and chemical composition...
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...Campus ------------------------------------------------- Phase II, Soldiers Hills IV, Molino VI, City of Bacoor, Cavite The Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Pechay (Brassica rapa L.) Under Drought Stress Condition Research Project on General Biology Presented by: Lozanta, Rose Ann E. Villaflor, Jemeul M. BSE 1 – 1 E Submitted to: Ms. Carol Tamayo Biology Instructor Abstract The assessment of the effects of vermicompost as organic fertilizer and urea as inorganic fertilizer on pechay (Brassica rapa L.) under drought stress condition was obtained through experimental method using fertilization technique. This study will help to determine if the two fertilizers can extend the life of the pechay during drought. The study was conducted under two trials with the same technique using three set ups. The two set ups were put with the respective fertilizer while the other one have no fertilizer and will be watered regularly to serve as control variable. To evaluate the effects, changes were measured in terms of plant height, leaf area length, number of leaves per plant, texture, color and size of stem. The result of variance analysis showed that putting fertilizers on pechay under drought stress condition had significantly affected its growth and can lead into death of the plants. It strongly shows that using fertilizer on plants during drought is not advisable. Table of Contents Page Title Page 1 Abstract 2 Table of Contents ...
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