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Fiche Micro

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Submitted By karot
Words 313
Pages 2
Fiche Eco

Microéconomie

La demande

Courbe de la demande

Relation entre la quantité demandée et le prix du bien. Quantité en abscisse , Prix en ordonnée.
La demande est toujours une fonction décroissante du prix.
Les différents points sur la courbe correspondent au consentement à payer = prix maximum qu’est prêt à payer un consommateur pour acquérir une première unité de bien.

Elasticité prix

C’est la vitesse à laquelle la demande croit quand le prix décroit.
E= Variation de la demande en %/ variation du prix en % * =0 la demande est inélastique * <-1 la demande n’est pas très élastique * =-1 * >-1 demande très élastique * + infini demande élastique
Si la variation en % de la demande est plus grande que la variation en % du prix, la demande est élastique (et inversement)
Inelasticité = Courbe verticale. Elasticité = courbe horizontale
Sur une fonction l’elasticité n’est pas constante l’élasticité est déterminée par le nombre de produit substitut, l’intensité de la concurrence et la période de temps si la demande très élastique, une augmentation du pris augmente le revenu total

Changement dans la demande

Un changement dans la demande signifie que quelque chose non lié au prix est arrivé : produit substitut, changement de revenu du consommateur, changement des goûts du consommateur
La courbe de demande bouge à droite quand la demande augmente et bouge à gauche quand elle décroit.

Elasticité du revenu

E = variation de la demande en %/ variation du revenu en % 3 cas : * Biens normaux : 0<E<1 la variation de la quantité demandée est plus faible que la variation du revenu * Biens inférieurs: E<0 une hausse du revenu entraine une baisse de la conso du bien * Biens supérieurs : E>0 une hausse du revenu entraine une hausse de la conso du bien

Déterminants de la demande :

Q= f(Px, Py , R) avec Px= prix de X, Py= prix des biens substituts, et R= revenu

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