Free Essay

Field Effect Transistor Amplifier

In:

Submitted By fatamyaa93
Words 1032
Pages 5
Abstract This report illustrates through the figures and results the procedures taken in this laboratory experiment to implement different Field Effect Transistor (FET) amplifier circuits. Firstly, is the procedure part which includes the design and results of whole task of the experiments and analyses the results of the task. the design and results part includes the tables, figures, equations and some comments about the results and it is divided into two tasks. The analyses the results part of the report investigate some errors of it. After that, the report is concluded through discussing the main achievements and the recommendations if found. The measured and simulated results are presented in this report along with a discussion of how the circuit parameters were determined.

1. Procedure
In this laboratory session, we dealt with another type of transistors known as the Field Effect Transistors (FET). Indeed, these transistors employ one type of charges, i.e. either electrons or holes depending on the channel polarity and hence the name unipolar devices arise. FETs are voltage controlled devices that have a very high input impedance and low noise level.

Task 1: Frequency response of FET amplifier

Task 2: Frequency response of Common-Drain FET amplifier:

In this task, we dealt with the frequency response of Common-Drain FET amplifier shown in Figure 1 below. A dc voltage of the value 15 V is applied to the drain while the Vgg is removed. In addition, a constant 200mVpp input voltage is applied. Then, the input frequency is changed from 10 Hz to 1MHz and a table that depicts the relation between the frequency and the output is produced.

It is a good practice to differentiate between the input and output terminals. Indeed, in this circuit, the Gate terminal of the transistor acts as the input while the output is taken at the Source, and the Drain is common between them.
In order to analyze the frequency response of the circuit, a range of input frequencies were set and the corresponding output voltages and gains for these frequencies were observed as shown in table 2. Figure 2 shows a screenshot of the input and the output signals when the frequency is 10 kHz using the oscilloscope. It is clear that the output voltage is almost equal to the input voltage; this means that the gain is 1.the phase shift on the other hand is almost zero; the output signal is in phase with the input signal. This amplifier circuit gives zero gain where the same input signal is found at the output. , as seen in the following relation. As the frequency of the input increases, we can see that the gain remains the same (≈ 0 dB), and the phase is almost zero (frequency change has no effect on the amplification).

Figure 3, shows the frequency response of the circuit. It is obvious that the gain is approximately constant for all frequencies (it looks fluctuating because the scale used is very small and those fluctuations could be due to human errors or to tolerance issues). The highest amplifier gain of this circuit is -0.34 dB. The -3 dB gain is not possible to get due to the limited range of data and due to the nature of this amplifier circuit. The information gathered is not enough to get the bandwidth of the circuit’s frequency response. On the other hand, the roll off per octave can only be obtained while the roll off per decade is not obtainable due to the limited information gathered and the nature of the amplifier circuit. The roll off per octave is: ƒ1= 200 kHz, ƒ2= 400 kHz
G1= -0.915149811 dB, G2= -0.526578774 dB roll off per octave = -0.526578774 - -0.915149811= 0.388571037 dB
Frequency Vin Vout G=VOUT/VIN G= 20 log G dt Phase Phase shift
Hz V V dB deg
10 0.198 0.18 0.909091 -0.827853703 1.00E-06 0.00 0
50 0.198 0.182 0.919192 -0.731876046 1.00E-06 0.00 0
100 0.204 0.184 0.901961 -0.896246888 1.00E-06 0.00 0
500 0.204 0.184 0.901961 -0.896246888 1.00E-06 0.00 0
1000 0.204 0.184 0.901961 -0.896246888 1.00E-06 0.00 0
5.00E+03 0.204 0.184 0.901961 -0.896246888 1.00E-06 0.00 0
1.00E+04 0.208 0.2 0.961538 -0.340666786 1.00E-06 0.00 0
2.50E+04 0.2 0.184 0.92 -0.724243453 1.00E-06 0.00 0
5.00E+04 0.2 0.184 0.92 -0.724243453 1.00E-06 0.00 0
7.50E+04 0.196 0.188 0.959184 -0.361964442 1.00E-06 0.00 0
1.00E+05 0.2 0.184 0.92 -0.724243453 1.00E-06 0.00 0
1.50E+05 0.2 0.184 0.92 -0.724243453 1.00E-06 0.00 0
2.00E+05 0.2 0.18 0.9 -0.915149811 1.00E-06 0.00 0
4.00E+05 0.204 0.192 0.941176 -0.526578774 1.00E-06 0.00 0
6.00E+05 0.2 0.188 0.94 -0.537442928 1.00E-06 0.00 0
8.00E+05 0.204 0.18 0.882353 -1.087153246 1.00E-06 0.00 0
1.00E+06 0.208 0.188 0.903846 -0.878109714 1.00E-06 0.00 0

2. Conclusions and Recommendations

To conclude, all the expected results match the implemented results successfully. Furthermore, the students are familiarized with the Field effect transistors and the concept of amplification. Moreover, the most important objective of this lab is achieved by understanding the behavior of the amplification process of the common-source and common-Drain amplifier transistor. The reason behind doing these tasks is to come out with the characteristics of the frequency response as well as getting all the measurements and values of the output voltage, the phase and calculated voltage gain. Finally, in order to display the behavior of the transistor, the frequency responses are sketched.

Similar Documents

Free Essay

History

...Lab 2: FET Amplifier Name Institution Abstract Field Effect transistors (FET) are devices or circuits that alter or change the amplitude of a signal while maintaining the input waveform shape. The FET amplifiers run the Field Effect Transistors in saturation or active mode. The drain current is majorly determined by a small input voltage. All FET amplifiers do not have a β but instead have a trans conductance gm. In the circuit, the output voltage is primarily determined by the input gm. in the circuit. Introduction When working to amplify AC voltage that is time varying, we include a capacitor at the input of the amplifier to decouple any DC component that may be in the input signal. The value of the coupling capacitance used majorly depends on the circuit being designed. The RC filter which is formed by the input impedance and the coupling capacitor, should not cut off any given input signal frequencies in the FET. Procedure During voltage biasing, The DC voltage needs to be set at the requisite bias point. This is achieved by the use of the coupling capacitor’s biasing network. Here the source is common to both the output and input voltages and this is referred to as common source amplifier. The gate voltage and the input voltage are in direct proportion whereby an increase in input voltage causes a corresponding increase in gate voltage. The same relationship exists between the drain current and input voltage. However, the output voltage is in indirect proportion...

Words: 391 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

A Brief Exploration of Intel Corporation Processors and Transistor Manufacturing

...A Brief Exploration Of Intel Corporation Processors And Transistor Manufacturing J. Rice ITT Technical Institute The first Intel Corporation processor build with more than 2 billion transistors (2.04 billion) was code-named Tukwila for the generation of Intel's 4-Core Itanium platform / Mission Critical family, using a 65 nm transistor architecture. It was designed primarily for usage with remote access servers (RAS) and machine check architecture recovery (MCA). It was announced in the first quarter of 2008, but wasn’t moved to the consumer market until the first quarter of 2010, pricing between $946.00 and $3838.00, depending on device necessity. The increased of transistor density on processors since the mid 1970’s has been incredible, but dramatically increased in 2011 when Intel Corporation announced production of their 22 nm 3-D Tri-gate transistor technology. It was a partial redesign of traditional 2-D planar (flat) transistor architecture, to a design that supported power transmission on three planes (3-Dimensions), increasing power output and speed, while decreasing power usage by device processes. Transistor size was reduced again in June 2014 when Intel announced a collaboration with Cadence Design Systems, Inc. to create 14 nm transistors, further improving design specs, and maintaining adherence to Moore’s Law. There has been wide speculation that further reduction of transistor architecture could be difficult unless new materials and requisite manufacturing...

Words: 1485 - Pages: 6

Free Essay

Mosftes in Latest Technology

...The MOSFET – Metal Oxide FET As well as the Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET), there is another type of Field Effect Transistor available whose Gate input is electrically insulated from the main current carrying channel and is therefore called an Insulated Gate Field Effect Transistor or IGFET. The most common type of insulated gate FET which is used in many different types of electronic circuits is called the Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor or MOSFETfor short. The IGFET or MOSFET is a voltage controlled field effect transistor that differs from a JFET in that it has a “Metal Oxide” Gate electrode which is electrically insulated from the main semiconductor N-channel or P-channel by a very thin layer of insulating material usually silicon dioxide, commonly known as glass. This ultra thin insulated metal gate electrode can be thought of as one plate of a capacitor. The isolation of the controlling Gate makes the input resistance of the MOSFET extremely high way up in the Mega-ohms ( MΩ ) region thereby making it almost infinite. As the Gate terminal is isolated from the main current carrying channel “NO current flows into the gate” and just like the JFET, the MOSFET also acts like a voltage controlled resistor were the current flowing through the main channel between the Drain and Source is proportional to the input voltage. Also like the JFET, the MOSFETs very high input resistance can easily accumulate large amounts of static charge resulting in the MOSFET becoming...

Words: 1946 - Pages: 8

Free Essay

Asdefr

...com/essays/education/transistor.php The transistor SOURCE OF NOISE IN TRANSISTOR FOR DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION AbstractHere in this term paper I am going to discuss the history of the transistors,its importance and its limitations.Basically the term paper is on the sources of noise in transistors for different configurations. HISTORY A replica of the first working transistor. The first patent for the field-effect transistor principle was filed in Canada by Austrian-Hungarian physicist Julius Edgar Lilienfeld on October 22, 1925, but Lilienfeld did not publish any research articles about his devices. In 1934 German physicist Dr. Oskar Heil patented another field-effect transistor. On 17 November 1947 John Bardeen and Walter Brattain, at AT&T Bell Labs, observed that when electrical contacts were applied to a crystal of germanium, the output power was larger than the input. William Shockley saw the potential in this and worked over the next few months greatly expanding the knowledge of semiconductors and is considered by many to be the "father" of the transistor. The term was coined by John R. Pierce. IMPORTANCE The transistor is considered by many to be the greatest invention of the twentieth-century, or as one of the greatest. It is the key active component in practically all modern electronics. Its importance in today's society rests on its ability to be mass produced using a highly automated process (fabrication) that achieves astonishingly low per-transistor costs. Although several companies...

Words: 4098 - Pages: 17

Free Essay

Solid State Devices

...A Power Amplifiers” ITT Technical Institute• 3rd Quarter/December2014 •3-6-2015 Introduction The common-emitter (CE) amplifier provides high voltage gain with moderate input resistance whereas the common collector (CC) amplifier provides current gain and low output resistance. Combining the two amplifiers gives the advantages of each, allowing the amplifier to drive a relatively low resistance load such as a speaker. In all amplifiers, some power from the supply is wasted – that is, it does not show up as signal power in the load. In class A power amplifiers, the transistor is biased on at all times, causing power to be dissipated in the transistor, even when no signal is present. Because of this, class A amplifiers are not as efficient as class B designs. For low power applications, this reduced efficiency is not a major problem. Further, the power dissipated in the transistor is highest when no signal is present, so it is simple to compute the worst case power dissipated in the transistor − it is simply VCEQICQ. In this experiment, you will combine a CE and CC amplifier to form an amplifier that will be used for driving a small speaker. Most speakers are low resistance devices, requiring the driving amplifier to have a low output resistance. Because the CE amplifier typically has relatively high output resistance, a Darlington CC amplifier is selected to minimize the loading effect. In the For Further Investigation section, you can complete the amplifier by adding...

Words: 706 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Analog Circuit with Labview

...Analog Electronics Section 1.1. Resistor Voltage Divider and MOSFET DC Gate Voltage Section 1.2. Output Circuit and DC Drain Voltage Section 1.3. Frequency Response of the Amplifier Stage Section 1.4. Summary of Equations Section 1.5. Exercises and Projects Unit 2. Transistors and Voltage Amplification Section 2.1. BJT and MOSFET Schematic Symbols, Terminal Voltages, and Branch Currents Section 2.2. Fundamentals of Signal Amplification: The Linear Circuit Section 2.3. Basic NMOS Common-Source Amplifier Section 2.4. Transistor Output Resistance and Limiting Gain Section 2.5. Summary of Equations Section 2.6. Exercises and Projects Section 2.7. References to the Electronics Book Sequence Unit 3. Characterization of MOS Transistors for Circuit Simulation Section 3.1. Physical Description of the MOSFET Section 3.2. Output and Transfer Characteristics of the MOSFET Section 3.3. Body Effect and Threshold Voltage Section 3.4. Derivation of the Linear-Region Current – Voltage Relation Section 3.5. Summary of Equations Section 3.6. Exercises and Projects Unit 4. Signal Conductance Parameters for Circuit Simulation Section 4.1. Amplifier Circuit and Signal Equivalent Circuits Section 4.2. Transistor Variable Incremental Relationships Section 4.3. Transconductance Parameter Section 4.4. Body-Effect Transconductance Parameter Section 4.5. Output Conductance...

Words: 29147 - Pages: 117

Free Essay

Term Papers

...Integrated Circuits”, Wiley Eastern Ltd. Other Reading Sr No Jouranls atricles as compulsary readings (specific articles, Complete reference) Relevant Websites Sr. No. (Web adress) (only if relevant to the courses) 5 http://www.rosehulman.edu/.../Rose_Classes/ECE351/Notes/Differential Amplifier Notes.pdf 6 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_amplifier 7 http://www.doctronics.co.uk/555.htm 8 http://focus.ti.com/lit/an/sboa092a/sboa092a.pdf Salient Features Introduction to differential amplifiers Introduction and Classification of Electronics amplifier 555 Introduction and Application Applications of operational amplifiers Detailed Plan For Lectures 1 Approved for Spring Session 2011-12 Week Number Lecture Number Lecture Topic Chapters/Sections of Pedagogical tool Textbook/other Demonstration/case reference study/images/anmatio n ctc. planned Part 1 Week 1 Lecture 1 Lecture 2 Lecture 3 Week 2 Lecture 4 Lecture 5 Lecture 6 Week 3 Lecture 7 Lecture 8 Lecture 9 Week 4 Lecture 10 Introduction to subject , High Frequency T model common base short circuit current frequency response, Alpha cut off frequency Common emitter short circuit current frequency response Hybrid pi CE transistor model Hybrid pi conductance in terms of low frequency h parameters CE short circuit...

Words: 1382 - Pages: 6

Free Essay

Reverse Engineering Paper

...decided to disassemble and understand a Memphis 1 Channel Mono Block Amplifier. First we started by disassembling the amp down to the main circuit board. From there we assigned ourselves different components to understand what they were and how they worked inside the amp. We all researched our components and got back together to discuss and figure out the flow of power and operations of the amp worked. A general idea of what the amp does is as follows. Power comes into the inputs from the positive side of the car battery. A negative source comes from the car’s chassis to the negative terminal. The remote wire comes in from the head unit or source of sound to the remote input. When the source turns on, power runs from the remote wire to a relay inside that allows power to run through. Power then runs to various capacitors to store up power before running to the inductor that converts the power to usable power for the MOSFETs. As the power runs through the circuit, it eventually comes to resistors which slow up the current flow. Sound comes in through the inputs and to the MOSFET amplifiers. Then sound goes to the sound dampeners to clean the sound waves up before going to the sound outputs. To better understand the amp and its components we will branch off and explain each of the components and what they do. When a relay receives power, power runs through a set of coils and creates a magnetic field that actuates an arm inside and closes the circuit. Relays are used as...

Words: 2103 - Pages: 9

Premium Essay

M.Com

...Technical Interview Questions for Instrumentation Engineering 1. For what purpose Pirani gauge is used? Ans. Low pressure measurement. 2. Psi stands for ____? Ans. Pounds per square inch. 3. Low pressure is expressed in ________? Ans. Torr. 4. What is the disadvantage of orifice meter & why they are preferred in the industries? Ans. It gives a permanent pressure loss but due to their low cost they are preferred in the industries. 5. Bolometer is used as ________? Ans. Radiation detector. 6. Stroboscope is used for the measurement of____? Ans. Angular velocity. 7. Electromagnetic flow meter is not suitable for which kind of fluids? Ans. Non conductive fluids. 8. What is measurement? Ans. It is an act of comparison between the unknown quantity and the standard resulting in knowing the magnitude of the unknown quantity in terms of the standard being used for the purpose of comparison. 9. What is an instrument? Ans. It facilitates this process of comparison. 10. What is the difference between accuracy & precision? Ans. Accuracy: it is the degree of closeness with which an instrumentation reading approaches to the true value of the quantity being measured. Precision: it is a measure of reproducibility. 11. What is an embedded system? Ans. A microcontroller based system designed for a specific task. 12. What are the various criteria of choosing of microcontroller? Ans. memory, power consumption, packaging, market availability, speed of operation. 13. H-bridge is used for? Ans. For...

Words: 4775 - Pages: 20

Premium Essay

Doctor

...1/ ENERGY BANDS IN SOLIDS In this chapter we begin with a review of the basic atomic properties of matter leading to discrete electronic energy levels in atoms. We find that these energy levels are spread into energy bands in a crystal. This band structure allows us to distinguish between an insulator, a semiconductor, and a metal. 1-1 CHARGED PARTICLES The charge, or quantity, of negative electricity and the mass of the electron have been found to be 1.60 X 10- 19 C (coulomb) and 9.11 X 10- 31 kg, respectively. The values of many important physical constants are given in Appendix A, and a list of conversion factors and prefixes is given in Appendix B. Some idea of the number of electrons per second that represents current of the usual order of magnitude is readily possible. F'or example, since the charge per electron is 1.60 X 10- 19 C, the number of electrons per coulomb is the reciprocal of this nutnber, or approximately, 6 X 10 18 Further, since a current of 1 A (ampere) is the flow of 1 Cis, then a current of only 1 pA (1 picoampere, or 10- 12 A) represents the motion of approximately 6 million electrons per second. Yet a current of 1 pA is so small that considerable difficulty is experienced in attempting to measure it. The charge of a positive ion is an integral multiple of the charge of the electron, although it is of opposite sign. For the case of singly ionized particles, the charge is equal to that of the electron. For the case of doubly ionized particles...

Words: 63477 - Pages: 254

Free Essay

Green Computing

...Protection Agency and the Department of Energy. Since then, Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, Taiwan and the European Union have adopted the program. Devices carrying the Energy Star service mark, such as computer products and peripherals, kitchen appliances, buildings and other products, generally use 20–30% less energy than required by federal standards. In the United States, the Energy Star label is also shown on Energy Guide appliance label of qualifying products. Phase-II Main Modules of Green Computing Emerging Memory: Emerging technologies are those technical innovations which represent progressive developments within a field for competitive advantage converging technologies represent previously distinct fields which are in some way moving towards stronger inter connections and similar goals. Bamboo: It is becoming increasingly popular for making casings for computers and peripherals. Recyclable Plastics: Computers are constructed from non-recyclable plastics i.e. recyclable polycarbonate resin. Eco-friendly flame retardant: There are flame retardant silicone compounds available that are flame retardant and completely non-toxic. Inventory management: Reducing the quality of both hazardous materials used in the process and the amount of excess raw...

Words: 2219 - Pages: 9

Free Essay

Vaccume Tubes Research Paper

...of this work is to simulate a tube guitar amplifier, the Giannini True Reverber designed by Carlos Alberto Lopes in the nineteen sixties. The nonlinear “overdrive” characteristics of these devices make them attractive for guitarists since odd harmonics are added into the guitar sound as well as sound compression. The shortcomings of these amplifiers led to the development of DSP simulation techniques over the last few years. Many past DSP simulations of tube amplifiers were implemented using Static Digital Wave shappers for the task of replicating the tube transfer characteristics. Since the physical behavior of such systems is quite complex, physically informed models are necessary for more precision in the simulation, requiring more computer power. A Wave Digital Filter (WDF) simulation of the Giannini True Reverber double 12AX7 preamp is accomplished in this work using Koren’s triode equations and Block Compiler, where each parameter was acquired in the original electronic schematic or by measurement of the real amplifier. The real preamp is compared to the WDF model using the following test signals: single tone, logsweep and transient signal analysis. The results suggest that the current triode models do not cover all circuit topologies, so that further research is required. | A. Giannini True Reverber * In recent years Brazilian made “vintage” tube amplifiers have been rediscovered by musicians. A characteristic of these amplifiers are their...

Words: 5874 - Pages: 24

Free Essay

Laser Torch

...from a laser torch is used as the carrier in the circuit. The laser torch can transmit light up to a distance of about 500 meters. The phototransistor of the receiver must be accurately oriented towards the laser beam from the torch. If there is any obstruction in the path of the laser beam, no sound will be heard from the receiver. The transmitter circuit comprises condenser microphone transistor amplifier BC548 (T1) followed by an opamp stage built around µA741 (IC1). The gain of the op-amp can be controlled with the help of 1-mega-ohm pot meter VR1. The AF output from IC1 is coupled to the base of transistor BD139 (T2), which, in turn, modulates the laser beam. The transmitter uses 9V power supply. However, the 3-volt laser torch (after removal of its battery) can be directly connected to the circuit—with the body of the torch connected to the emitter of BD139 and the spring-loaded lead protruding from inside the torch to circuit ground. The receiver circuit uses an npn phototransistor as the light sensor that is followed by a two-stage transistor preamplifier and LM386-based audio power amplifier. The receiver does not need any complicated alignment. Just keep the phototransistor oriented towards the remote transmitter’s laser point and adjust the volume control for a clear sound. To avoid 50Hz hum noise in the speaker, keep the phototransistor away from AC light sources such as bulbs. The reflected sunlight, however, does not cause any problem. But the sensor should not directly...

Words: 8120 - Pages: 33

Free Essay

The Birth and Evolution of Transistors and Impact on the Transport Industry

...controllable valve that allows a small signal to control a much larger signal does this, and could be related to a controllable valve used in the control of water flow. This was once done by a device known as vacuum tube but was later brought down to a much lower production scale for a variety of industrial, economical and business related reasons. Bell Laboratories, the research arm of telecommunications company American Telephone and Telegraph’s (AT&T) director Mervin Kelly put together the first team of researchers and scientists placed on the task of research and development of a solid state-semiconductor later called a transistor that would supersede vacuum tubes and provide numerous advantages. The success of this development would prove to change the computing, electronics and telecommunications systems altogether. Up until the invention of the transistor a vacuum tube was used in the control, amplification and generation of electrical signals. Vacuum tubes are tubes usually made from glass and designed in an airtight manner as to keep the flow of “cathode rays” from external disturbance as they pass from each terminal and laid the foundation for numerous technical innovations, such as the light bulb discovered by Thomas Edison (fig. 1). Joseph John Thomson further made a vacuum tube and placed a third terminal to attain a grasp of knowledge on the nature, composition and behavior this would play on cathode rays (for although they were being used at the time there was little...

Words: 1787 - Pages: 8

Free Essay

Ewfwf

...Міністерство освіти і науки України Національний технічний університет України „Київський політехнічний інститут” Англійська мова професійного спрямування Методичні вказівки для розвитку всіх видів мовленнєвої діяльності на основі автентичних текстів з електроніки Для студентів 3-го курсу всіх спеціальностей ФЕЛ Затверджено Методичною радою НТУУ ”КПІ” Київ «Політехніка» 2005 Міністерство освіти і науки України Національний технічний університет України „Київський політехнічний інститут” Англійська мова професійного спрямування Методичні вказівки для розвитку всіх видів мовленнєвої діяльності на основі автентичних текстів з електроніки Для студентів 3-го курсу всіх спеціальностей ФЕЛ Затверджено Методичною радою НТУУ ”КПІ” Затверджено на методичному засіданні кафедри англійської мови №1. Протокол №1 від 04.10.05 Київ «Політехніка» 2005 Методичні вказівки з дисципліни „Англійська мова професійного спрямування” для розвитку навичок з аналітичного і самостійного читання для студентів 3-го курсу всіх спеціальностей факультету електроніки. /Уклад. Н.Е. Доронкина, Л.С. Петрова. – К. „Видавництво «Політехніка»”, 2005. – 72 с. Рецензент: Л.М. Захарова, кандидат філологічних наук, доцент. Передмова Методичні вказівки для розвитку всіх видів мовленнєвої діяльності на основі автентичних текстів з електроніки для студентів 3-го курсу побудовані відповідно до програми, яка передбачає навчання студентів вмінню працювати з англійською літературою за фахом, збагаченню...

Words: 23701 - Pages: 95