...Therefore, he advocated the creation of social groups between the family and the state to provide a sense of belonging for members of a society (Schaefer, 10). Durkheim is linked to the structural functionalist perspective. Its main focus is on how people and institutions serve as a function. As long as every person and institution does this, there will be order and stability within society. This leads back to his idea that behavior cannot be understood in individualistic terms, but within a larger social context. He believed that anomie could be avoided by creating a sense of belonging between the family and the state. Karl Marx focused on economic and political relations of power. He studied the conflicts between the working class and owning class. Alienation refers to the separation between the worker and the work process (Schaefer, 11). For example, workers going on strike feel separated from the work process. By...
Words: 1499 - Pages: 6
...Agrarian Crisis and Farmers’ Suicides in India1 Srijit Mishra2 First version: 20 October 2008; this version: 29 September 2009. Introduction: The larger agrarian crisis has two dimensions. On the one hand, there is a livelihood crisis that threatens the very basis of survival for the vast majority of small and marginal farmers as also for agricultural labourers. On the other hand, there is an agricultural developmental crisis that lies in the neglect of agriculture arising out of poor design of programmes and allocation of resources and having resulted in declining productivity and profitability (Government of India 2007, Reddy and Mishra 2009). This twin dimensions could also be equated with the developmental discourse where the former is about displacement of people and the latter is about displacement of ideology (Bhaduri 2008). The outcome is that planning is not people-centric. Features of the Current Crisis: During the 1990s (1993-94 to 2004-05) when the compound annual growth rate for the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was 5.9 per cent whereas agricultural GDP was significantly lower at 2.2 per cent. Compared to 1980s (1983-84 to 1993-94), agricultural Gross State Domestic Product was lower in most states in the 1990s and this deceleration was significant for the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, undivided Bihar, Haryana, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Punjab, Sikkim and Tamil Nadu. There has been a decline in the trend growth rate in the production and productivity...
Words: 1765 - Pages: 8
...Within the last 18 months there have been three well-documented cases of suicide by cop (suicidal persons who engage in life threatening behavior to force officers to shoot them to end their own lives)within your jurisdiction. Would you develop a policy to help police officers deal with this issue, and if so what would you include in that policy? Incidents in which police officers shoot and kill citizens often provoke substantial controversy . And this is even more true where the shooting occurs as a consequence of a person ‘s own provocative behavior and in circumstances that be defined as amounting to a victim provoked shooting or a victim precipitated shooting . Where death occurs it may be victim precipitated homicide , and in other terms as suicide by cop .Despite the fact that such events are surprisingly common , the literature is unexpectedly sparse and is often , lacking in empirical study . Outside the law enforcement community , the existence of the phenomenon is not well known and is certainly too often seriously misunderstood . But understanding suicide itself will help to give some understanding to this type of assisted suicide and how it is seen in the eyes of a criminologist . First I want to examine the criminologist perspective of suicide and this was first introduced by Emile Durkheim with his research on suicide that laid the foundation for anomie or strain theory . Anomic suicide ,he postulated , occurs when rapid or extreme social change or crisis threatens...
Words: 1902 - Pages: 8
...Maybe a bully shows up at your soccer practice or even at a park or where you are and bullies you. I am disappointed at those bullies out there. [pic] I have information to support this serious problem that is going on; [pic] it affects over 60 of [pic]kids in the world, I want to stop that. [pic] On this chart what it shows is, to me I see that in fourth grade there is a lot of bullying, [pic] there is less in the fifth grade for some reason than it sky rockets in sixth, seventh and eighth grade. The reason for this information about grade bullying is that more kids bully and more. [pic] I used to think that the bullying is evened out, but know I realize that as you get older there are more bullies. The chart that I showed shows the percent of kids getting bullied in grade order. [pic]I know this is upsetting, but many people are admitting that they have bullying or said something mean or threatening to someone else. [pic]On my chart it says how many children have bullied. In fourth grade it goes up high on the charts, but goes down in the fifth grade. In the sixth, seventh and eighth it gradually goes up. This makes me realize from my perspective that too many...
Words: 1766 - Pages: 8
...Depression has always had a way with my life. It began in my fourth and fifth-grade year. At the time, our class was together. I was watching fifth graders grow and because of this I happen to develop a low self-esteem. While everyone seem to be growing up and it seemed like it wasn’t pure anymore. I remember always being jealous, most of my class had parents involved in their lives. When elementary was over, I moved into the sixth grade. My depression now was on and off. The seventh and eighth grade changed me. This is when I started skipping school. My habits didn’t die as a new freshman I thought I would have a new start. I learned that life doesn’t work that way. Habits don’t die if you don’t fix them. I remember feeling that every time...
Words: 689 - Pages: 3
...thoughts become frantic, meaningless cries. Her day culminates with plans for an excursion and a game of chess. The second part of this section shifts to a London barroom, where two women discuss a third woman. Between the bartender’s repeated calls of “HURRY UP PLEASE IT’S TIME” (the bar is closing for the night) one of the women recounts a conversation with their friend Lil, whose husband has just been discharged from the army. She has chided Lil over her failure to get herself some false teeth, telling her that her husband will seek out the company of other women if she doesn’t improve her appearance. Lil claims that the cause of her ravaged looks is the medication she took to induce an abortion; having nearly died giving birth to her fifth child, she had refused to have another, but her husband “won’t leave [her] alone.” The women leave the bar to a chorus of “good night(s)” reminiscent of Ophelia’s farewell speech in Hamlet. The first part of the section is largely in unrhymed iambic pentameter lines, or blank verse. As the section proceeds, the lines become increasingly irregular in length and meter, giving the feeling of disintegration, of things falling apart. As the woman of the first half begins to give voice to her paranoid thoughts, things do fall apart, at least formally: We read lines of dialogue, then a snippet from a nonsense song. The last four lines of the first half rhyme, although...
Words: 1037 - Pages: 5
...School graduate in 1982. She was the valedictorian of her class, swim team captain, also an officer for the National Honor Society. She finished a pre-nursing program at the University of Houston. Later she graduated in 1986 from the University Of Texas School Of Nursing. Andrea and Rusty met for the first time at the apartment complex they both lived in. Andrea initiated the conversation which was odd given she kept to herself a lot. They moved in together and most of their time spent on prayer and religious studies. They married each other on April 17, 1993. In the 8 years of their marriage, Andrea had five children. Noah Yates was the first born on 1994, John Yates was the...
Words: 715 - Pages: 3
...too short for a black landowner. Federal land back tended to require amounts of collateral that are too great for blacks to qualify. The federal government did little to reverse the decline in black farming. The general economic decline for most Mississippi blacks since the 1960s has been accompanied by the resurrection of white racist terrorism and political violence. The tortured body of one unidentified black man was found floating down the river in Cleveland, MS. The man’s sex organs had been hacked off and the coroner later reported finding his penis in his stomach. On January 11, 1981, the body of 45-year-old Lloyd Douglas Gray was found hanging from a tree in Tallahatchie County, MS. The coroner pronounced Gray’s death as a suicide, and no autopsy was performed. A month later, the body of 32 year old Roy Washington was found in Cypress Creek, in Holmes County, MS. Washington was badly beaten in the head and face....
Words: 3110 - Pages: 13
... -Anne Sexton, from a letter to Anne Clark, October 13, 1964 “Living life to the fullest” is something many people base their life around. Children and people in general are taught to appreciate the beauty in everything, make the best of every situation, and to cherish each day as if it may be the last. But what happens when one has no desire for these tendencies, and even life for that matter? In Western society and even worldwide, suicide is greatly looked down upon. People today would rather keep themselves, friends, and family members alive on a machine then even fathom the thought of death. An example of someone who did not wish to “live life to the fullest”, or live at all, is the well-known poet, Anne Sexton. There are many controversies about Sexton’s suicidal inclinations, but the most prominent is her mental illness. Sexton’s metal illness influenced her life in many positive and negative ways including her home life, her successful poetry career, and ultimately her suicide. As one of three sisters, Sexton was never known for being the golden child of any sorts. She was born on November 9, 1928...
Words: 2396 - Pages: 10
...Crime and Deviance AN INTRODUCTION TO CRIME AND DEVIANCE Definitions * Crime- An act which breaks the criminal laws of society. * Deviance- refers to the behaviour which is disapproved of by most people in society and which does not conform to society's norms and values. TOPIC 1: FUNCTIONALIST, STRAIN AND SUBCULTURAL THEORIES Durkheim's functionalist theory: * Socialisation and Social control are two key mechanisms which allow social solidarity to occur in society. The inevitability of crime: * Functionalists see too much crime as destabilising society. * They also see crime as inevitable and universal- Durkheim, 'crime is normal... an integral part of all healthy societies.' * There are two reasons why C&D are found in all societies; 1.Not everyone is equally effectively socialised into the shared norms and values. 2. Different groups develop their own subculture and what the members of the subculture regard as normal, mainstream culture may see as deviant. * Durkheim also discusses that in modern societies there is a tendency towards anomie (normlessness). The diversity of modern societies means that the collective conscience is weakened, and this results in higher levels of C&D. The positive functions of crime: * For Durkheim, crime also fulfils two important functions; boundary maintenance and adaptation. * Boundary Maintenance- In Durkheim's view, the purpose of punishment is to reaffirm society's shared rules and reinforces...
Words: 20916 - Pages: 84
...of the most popular traditional musical instruments in China and known as the “king of plucked string instrument.” It is a plucked four-stringed musical instrument having a pear-shaped wooden body with a varying number of frets ranging from 12 to 26. It has been played for about two thousands years in China and many Chinese ancient literary works and poems are related to pipa praising its refinement through its bright timbre and rapid rolling tremolo. Unlike nowadays situation that everyone could learn how to play pipa or enjoy the pipa performance in the concert, people from upper class in the ancient time rarely played classical instrumnets such as pipa and guqin (a plucked seven-string instrument of the zither family) in public or for commercial purposes. And they always refused to be regard as musician because performing artists in ancient China are usually considered as the lowest social class. “In traditional China, most well–educated people and monks could play classical music as a means of self-cultivation, meditation, soul purification and spiritual elevation, union with nature, identification with the values of past sages, and communication with divine beings or with friends and lovers” (Liu) However, the development of pipa in the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD) let it became popular in both court music and ordinary people. Indeed, pipa music has a profound impact on the Chinese classical music with its unique historical and artistic value. Actually, pipa is not originated...
Words: 3059 - Pages: 13
...behavior, increase theft, and can be used for non-educational purposes like cheating, cyberbullying, and sexting. Most students are easily distracted in the class room; therefore, by allowing students to bring their cell phones to school will not only distract teachers, but also other students. An example of this is a cell phone ringing. If someone’s phone rings in class, it will cause everyone to lose focus of what is going on and pay more attention to the person whose phone rang. Other students are distracted by the many features on their phones’. Cell phones nowadays are like mini laptops. In “Updating Policy on Latest Risks for Students with Cell Phones in the School,” Vanessa St. Gerard discusses the negative and positive uses of cell phones in school. St. Gerard argues, “As technology continues to advance, more issues with cell phones and other electronic devices in schools will surely arise” (45). St. Gerard also points out, “Cell phones are not designed for simply making and receiving phone calls anymore. Advanced technology now developed for cell phones allows them to play music, take pictures, record video, provide Internet access, and send and receive text messages” (44). Having all these features on one’s phone can be a distraction. When students engage in such activities, they tend to fall behind in their class work. In his article, “Recent Court Rulings Regarding Student Use of Cell Phones in Today’s Schools,” Thomas Diamentes talks about...
Words: 2003 - Pages: 9
...Investigate a Social Issue Soc 100 09/02/2012 The social issue that I decided on investigating is abuse. Abuse is defined as to treat in a harmful, injurious, or offensive way. There are many different kinds of abuse and is susceptible to anyone at any age and can happen to anyone and has been a problem everywhere for a very long time. Physical abuse is often the most easily recognized form. Sexual abuse is any type of sexual contact between an adult and anyone younger than 18. Emotional abuse can be the most difficult to identify because there are usually no outward signs of the abuse. And neglect, which is difficult to identify and define. At times abuse is difficult to recognize, especially if it is someone whom you have lived with for many years or a close friend. It is mainly children and the elderly who tend to get abused. If a child has been abused for years, they may think that it’s just the way life is and nothing can be done about it. Others may blame themselves and do not reach out for help. Also, when people see the way their parents are abusive, they think the act is okay. Also known as domestic abuse, in which one person in an intimate relationship or marriage tries to dominate and control the other person. Domestic violence and abuse are used for the sole purpose to gain and maintain total control over a person. According to www.childrensrights.org, in 2009 there were 3.6 million reports of child maltreatment...
Words: 778 - Pages: 4
...from schizophrenia, often have problems adequately performing in society, at school, work, and in relationships. One of the five subtypes of schizophrenia is differentiated schizophrenia: “Does not meet the criteria for paranoid, disorganized, or catatonic subtypes. However, patient does have one or more of the following symptoms: Delusions, Hallucinations, Extremely disorganized behavior, Catatonic behavior, and negative symptoms” (The Internet Mental Health Initiative [MHI], 2010, p. 1). Following is a case of Sally, who is an example of undifferentiated schizophrenia. Sally likely started her life pre-disposed to schizophrenia. Unfortunately, while pregnant with Sally, her mother smoked two packs of cigarettes a day, and during her fifth month of pregnancy Sally's mother caught a severe flu. Nonetheless, Sally's grandfather on her mother's side had always been known to be a little crazy. His actions were never brought to the attention of the mental professionals, so he was never officially diagnosed with a mental illness. Nonetheless the community had diagnosed him eccentric because of his bizarre behaviors, religious beliefs, and farming practices. Sally with an active child, but she was developmentally slow. She learned to walk and talk late, and she was on the hyperactive side. Although Sally's parents were both devoted to her, their marriage was filled with conflict. Sally father was away due to his work as a sales coordinator, but spent quality time with Sally when...
Words: 1552 - Pages: 7
...According to Annandale and Hunt (2000), since the early 1970s, the inequalities in gender have been a very important focus to sociological research. Generally, researchers have shown that the difference in gender usually influences people’s experience of health and illness. According to Armstrong (1980), women live about average of five years longer than men but women also suffer more illnesses compared to men throughout their lifetime. The reasons for these differences have been narrowed down to two possible explanations. First of all, difference in the biological constitutions of the different sexes which means that the two different genders experiences different type of illnesses and secondly, sometimes there are gender related actions and approaches to the concept of health and illness that differs amongst gender (Annandale, 2003). In this essay, key terms such as gender, health and illness will be discussed using essay. Also, this essay will be examined in three dimensions. Firstly, the gender differences that influence people’s health and experience of illnesses will be discussed. Secondly, using evidences, gender health inequalities will also be outlined. Thirdly, the importance and relevance of a nurse being aware of these gender inequalities and differences will also be examined. The sociological definition of gender is the cultural ideas and the distinct social expectation from male and female. This is different from sex which focuses on differences based on the biological...
Words: 2950 - Pages: 12
