...world catches a cold”, doesn’t always hold true. Since the U.S. has been in a recession, the rest of the world has suffered to a certain degree; however, the film industry in some parts of the world seems to be an exception. The global financial crisis resulted in the most severe worldwide recession and has since been faced with challenges for the last several years. The decline of the U.S. stock market has been the major challenge that viciously spread to various parts of the globe. For the most part, the global market has seen mixed results from film studios worldwide. Despite an increase in box office earnings, U.S. studios have been suffering, by having no choice but to downsize, and cut back on production and development. Although U.S. motion pictures are seen some adversity, interestingly the industry is a major private sector employer. According to the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) the industry employs 2.1 million workers and 95,000 companies, which spans from make-up artists to costume designers, stuntmen to set builders, accountants to caterers (MPAA, 2011). Domestically, this powerhouse of an industry has collectively contributed to more than $175B to U.S. GDP. Directly, the industry produces $42.1B in wages, which is approximately 32% higher than the national average. The median salary for film and television that includes high quality jobs as producing, marketing, manufacturing, and distributing motion pictures is nearly $82,000, which is 74% higher...
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...The Film Industry in Europe Mass media as a whole are diversified media technologies that are intended to reach a large audience by mass communication. There are many mass media such as broadcast (radio, television), print media (newspapers, magazines, and books), recorder music, digital media (internet) and outdoor media (billboards). But we will be particularly interested in the media of cinema and films which is one of the most famous. That’s why at first we will have a look on the film industry in Europe. Thereafter we will interest ourselves on the threats of the European film industry, like principally the US market of films. The film industry and the film industry in Europe The film industry is composed by the technological and commercial institutions of filmmaking, i.e., film production companies, film studios or cinematography. The film industry has a complex consumption because the creation of a movie need to take in consideration many features. Indeed, it is required to analyse the time allocation you want; the product characteristics such as actors that you want, the music, the plot, the scenario, the budget; people you attend with, and many other features that you have to take in consideration if you want your movie will become a success. The producer has pressure because the first week of release of his film is a strong indicator of success/failure. It will lead to the decision of whether or not to pull off the film from the circulation. Unfortunately...
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...COMPETITION CONCERNS IN FILM INDUSTRY 2013 A RESEARCH PROJECT ON COMPETITION CONCERNS IN FILM INDUSTRY UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF DR. K.D. SINGH DEPUTY DIRECTOR (LAW) COMPETITION COMMISSION OF INDIA BY TULIKA SINGH, VTH YEAR STUDENT OF B.A. L.L.B. (HONS.) AT CHANAKYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY, PATNA COMPETITION COMMISSION OF INDIA Page 1 DISCLAIMER COMPETITION CONCERNS IN FILM INDUSTRY 2013 This project report has been prepared by the author as an intern under the Internship Programme of the Competition Commission of India for the period of one month from 7th January 2013 to 31st January 2013, for academic purposes only. The views expressed in the report are personal to the intern and do not reflect the views of the Commission or any of its staff or personnel and do not bind the Commission in any manner. This report is the intellectual property of the Competition Commission of India and the same or any part thereof may not be used in any manner whatsoever, without express permission of the Competition Commission of India in writing. COMPETITION COMMISSION OF INDIA Page 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT COMPETITION CONCERNS IN FILM INDUSTRY 2013 This research project is undertaken by me as a part of Internship programme of Competition Commission of India. Dr. K. D. Singh, Deputy Director (Law) at CCI guided me through this project. His invaluable inputs and suggestions are deeply acknowledged. Library Staff of CCI also helped me throughout the internship period...
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...The American Film Industry - A Model of Oligopoly Kim R. Williamsbernard Virginia College, Online The American Film Industry - A Model of Oligopoly Introduction The American Film Industry or Hollywood refers to the successful oligopoly economy of the major Hollywood studios in the 1920s to the 1940s. The term implies that it studios, so the production of films constituted the decisive factor in the economic system. But the concept of system refers here to large companies, production, film distribution / sales and film screening at this time controlled. Vertical Integration The actual switching was indeed for most firms in New York City, but the company has production facilities in Hollywood grew up to be enormous. Mergers and acquisitions, was formed in 1920 out gradually a powerful oligopoly. The competition in the film industry in Europe has been weakened by the First World War and so many American studios took advantage of the opportunity, the demand for new films to cover most of themselves. The weakness of Edison's monopoly (MPPC) was the insufficient integration of the functional areas of the value chain. This is precisely what the new rendered large companies. Their economic power stemmed from the fact that they took over the production of films, the distribution and the distribution of films and the Exhibition or the operating theater itself, so the functional areas vertically integrated (Balio, 1985). The Oligopoly The oligopoly...
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...Policies to increase competitiveness of Japanese film Industry globally Cooperation, Outbound FDI and Technology Transfer: In the Global Logic of Strategic Alliance, Kenichi Ohmae suggests that due to the dispersion of technology, firms can increase their technological knowledge by cooperation with other partners. Indeed the Japanese did this early on, working with the Americans and Europeans to gain experience in new filming techniques and technology. For example, the Franco-Japanese film Typhoon over Nagasaki, Madame Butterfly (Italian-Japanese), and Geisha Girl (American-Japanese). Japanese firms have also been active in outbound FDI. For example, in 1989 Sony purchased Columbia pictures for 4.8 billion USD, including TriStar Films and the Loews Cinema Chain. Later, to expand its film arm, Sony also acquired MGM. In fact, for such outbound FDI by Japanese firms, they are able to benefit from a stronger yen as they...
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...analyze the major changes of technology throughout the film industry’s history. As two college students majoring in computer and technological fields, we feel that it is imperative to understand how cameras and technology and evolved and their effects on the film industry. Although the growth of technology in the film industry may seem of concern to only film makers, it should in fact concern anyone who cares about the future of the cinematography and/or television. Innovations in film technology have undoubtedly shaped the film industry into what it is today. As two college students majoring in computer and technological fields, we feel that it is imperative to understand how cameras and technology have evolved, and their effects on film production. Utilizing what we have learned in class and multiple sources of research, we will critically analyze the major changes in film technology history. The world’s first films produced were black and white, but even to make a black and white film, several important inventions were required. These inventions needed to record video, store the recording, and produce enough lighting to be able to see the scene. In 1893, Thomas Edison introduced the Kinetograph and Kinetoscope to the public, which may have been the largest innovation in film technology (Movie History). The Kinetograph was the first motion picture camera, and was combined with the Kinetoscope which housed a lamp and film to record on. A viewer could look through the eyepiece...
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...Cupani Film 262 4/6/14 Hong Kong: An Industry Born on a Budget Hong Kong has often been referred to as the “Hollywood of the East”. Although there are qualities of the Hong Kong film industry, which do indeed resemble those of Hollywood, implying that Hong Kong’s film industry is simply a second-tier version of Hollywood’s is an injustice to the unique industry model that Hong Kong has developed since the mid 20th century. Multiple factors, namely economic, have driven Hong Kong filmmakers to adapt different methods of production and exhibition than Hollywood filmmakers, resulting a in a distinct style of cinema that maximizes profits and controls costs, and has proven itself successful. Many of the unique practices of Hong Kong cinema stem from the industry’s tendency to push films through the production process much more quickly than the typical Hollywood film, and on a much smaller budget. The pace at which Hong Kong films are made is unmatched, proven by director Tsui Hark who went from script to release in less than two moths with his film Chinese Feast. The speed at which these films are released is driven by exhibition. With most production companies throughout Hong Kong film history being vertically integrating, including Shaw Brothers and Cinema City, the goal has been to push as many films through their own theaters as quickly as possible, with rapid turnover rates. Unlike Hollywood films, which can often stay in theaters for a month or longer, Hong Kong films usually...
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...The Player and the American Film Industry The Player directed by Robert Altman critiques the business of Hollywood through use of satire. The antihero of the film, a Hollywood studio executive, is dragged through the dark underside of Hollywood and accidentally murders an innocent writer but in the end still remains on top. The director makes some interesting cinematic decisions in this film which adds to a sense of corruption. The opening tracking shot gives us a good introduction to the environment and characters in the film. Through the colorful costumes and sets, Altman displays the glory and wealth involved with being a film executive. The tracking shot switches between characters and foreshadows the major conflict of the film by putting emphasis on a post card delivered to Griffin Mills reading “Your Hollywood is dead!”. The several postcards...
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...Business Research Methods (2014) Decreasing number of box office hits per year in Telugu film industry (Tollywood) - analysis and recommendations Business Research Methods Submitted to Dr Arun Abraham Elias Victoria Management School Victoria University of Wellington New Zealand Submitted by M Rohit PGP/17/151 – Section C Indian Institute of Management, Kozhikode India M Rohit (PGP/17/151) Page 1 Business Research Methods (2014) Abstract This paper talks about the emergence of Telugu films and subsequent growth and development of Telugu film industry (Tollywood). Indian film industry on a whole is facing serious issue in the decrease in number of hits per year. An attempt has been made to study this trend in Tollywood. Entertainment industry is a major source of income in the Indian GDP. Hence this topic of research has been chosen. The industry has seen transformation from Puranas to mass folklore to technological breakthroughs in the form of colour films and many more innovations. Tollywood holds a special place in Indian film industry in terms of quality of films, number of films released, box office collections and cultural and political impacts on India. This paper approaches the industry with behaviour over time analysis and then identifies various stakeholders involved in this complex network. The paper gives a brief idea of the effects of various parties on the industry. An attempt has been made to address various issues relating to technology, piracy,...
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...The Film Industry and the Homefront In the center of American isolationism and the era of cultural growth within the early 1900’s, the establishment of film revolutionized popular opinion in encouragement of the war effort. To a certain extent, the film industry during WWI aided in increasing productivity, rationalizing supplies, and building a strong war morale in the homefront; necessary for a victory. Under Woodrow Wilson’s presidency, isolation was more or less implemented along with a few other imperialistic endeavours; focusing mainly on the Spanish American War. As for the rising conflict in Europe, Wilson initially proposed to be the “counselor of peace” in his speech to Congress. Venturing off upon the Monroe Doctrine, American involvement...
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...Reflection Paper In Soc. Sci 4 SUBMITTED BY: Ethelle M. Largado Bs Lead IIIA Thomas Claudio SUBMITTED TO: Mr. Jayson Luna In my opinion, corruption should be approached from the point of view of the effects it has on development. I say this because long professional experience has taught me that corruption is one of the major obstacles to progress, and that its effects on development are disastrous. Some people would no doubt counter this assertion with the 'cultural' argument whereby they would have us believe that, in certain cultures, corruption is quite normal and morally acceptable. Well I do not know of a single place on earth where growing rich through taking bribes is considered lawful or morally acceptable! Then there are the cynics - including renowned professors - who claim that corruption oils the wheels of progress and enables development to take place. In this respect again, and putting all ethical aspects aside, it would be worthwhile distinguishing between the small baksheesh which 'helps' certain administrative procedures along ('acceleration fees') and large-scale corruption which perverts the course of development. This does not of course mean to say that we should underestimate the destructive effects that even small-scale corruption can have on society! Yet others have simply resigned themselves to the situation. For them, corruption is intrinsically linked to underdevelopment. As long as a person's normal income does not provide him with...
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...The Creative Industries and Scottish Film. With its exquisite landscapes, monumental architecture, and breath-taking coastlines, it is no wonder Scotland has always been such a powerful draw to film makers and producers alike. The Scottish film industry has grown from strength to strength in recent years. Arguably putting itself on the map in the nineties with films such as Braveheart (1995) and Trainspotting (1996), Scotland now lends its locations to multimillion-pound productions such as Skyfall (2012), The Dark Knight Rises (2012), Sunshine on Leith (2013) and The Railway Man (2014) as well as TV productions including Game of Thrones (2011) and Outlander (2014). To what extent have Scottish films such as Braveheart and Trainspotting impacted on the tourism industry and given their contrasting portrayals of the Scots, does one hinder tourism more than the other? Can we say whether or not there is a distinct notion of ‘Scottish national identity’ and if such a concept exists to what level is it illustrated in Scottish film? Has the Scottish film industry had an impact on the political landscape in Scotland since it was devolved in 1998? Finally given the effects of Scottish film in Scotland, what has the government put in place in order to develop the industry further? Scotland has produced many world renowned films over the last two decades and has had a large impact on the creative industries in Scotland. It has long retained a certain romance which frequently appeals...
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...Conducting performance appraisals at National Office Supplies You have recently been appointed as HR advisor for National Office Supplies, a provider of stationery and office furniture for businesses throughout the UK. Whilst based at their headquarters in Hertfordshire, part of your role is to visit the regional sales offices and to audit their HR processes and practices. The company has experienced sound levels of growth in recent years and has experienced growth in turnover of one-third in the last three years. Prior to your appointment, the HR manager worked alone, aside from an administrative assistant, involved primarily in advising regional managers on recruitment and selection, conducting induction and ensuring that the company’s policies (such as health and safety and equal opportunities) complied with legislation. Typically, she would only visit regional offices to attend disciplinary or grievance meetings. Whilst the company has broad guidelines on how each department is managed, the general attitude among senior management at HQ has been that as long as each office is performing adequately, they are happy not to intervene or get too involved at regional level unless directly asked to do so. However following the recent growth of the firm from a relatively small, tight-knit organisation to a larger, more bureaucratic company, the senior managers are keen to introduce a ‘performance culture’ into the firm and to formalise and standardise its key HR processes. ...
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...The American theatre chain gets a much needed infusion of cash, while the Chinese conglomerate gets experience in film distribution and chain management. Dalian Wanda Group’s agreement to purchase AMC Entertainment for $2.6 billion creates the largest theater chain in the world and marks China’s biggest acquisition of a U.S. company, therefore it has some industry watchers wondering what the ramifications might be for the movie exhibition industry. One high-ranking executive said his initial reaction to the May 21 announcement was 100 percent positive, given that AMC’s private-equity owners – Bain Capital, Apollo Global Management, the Carlyle Group and others – had allowed the theater chain to fall into disrepair compared with its competitors. “Even the bulbs weren’t changed, so films looked dim,” he said. Indeed, Wanda president and chairman Wang Jianlin announced his intentions to invest $500 million in AMC. Observers see installation of bars and restaurants at some locations, as well as upgrades to screens and sound systems, and the improvements could be noticeable enough to encourage disenchanted moviegoers to the give theaters another try. “It’s been a long time since AMC was run by someone with deep pockets and a timeframe longer than the next quarter,” said the insider, who noted that Regal Entertainment Group, Cinemark Holdings and Carmike Cinemas would be inclined to match AMC’s upgrades. Wanda, a private company with real estate, department stores and hotels...
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...Globalization Name: Institutional affiliations: This paper focuses on highlighting how the processes of globalization have changed the experiences of growing up and being educated in for the adolescent children aged 12 to 15 in Australia. Globalization is the process by which organizations and businesses establish international relations through the exchange of world business views and ideas, culture and products with other nations of the world. These businesses and organizations then start to operate and trade on an international scale. Globalization can be attributed to advances in the industrial sector, changes in the transportation and telecommunication systems, infrastructural changes, and the rise in the internet culture and development. The interplay of these forces in politics, religion and economies influence the economic trends of each country. Some of the social effects of globalization to the world economy include: poverty reduction due to increase in the wages and employment rate in the participative developing countries, improved healthcare provision due to the registered decline in the maternal and infant mortality rates, the provision of better educational standards, in line with the global millennium developmental goals. However globalization has also been viewed as a key in increasing the unemployment rates in the third world countries due to massive sacking of workers, high poverty rates and low income generation among the working...
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