...CPHL 612: POSSIBLE FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS The final exam consists of a set of FIVE essay questions, of which you are expected to answer THREE (and only three). So, to be clear, on the final exam you will be given a list of five questions and asked to answer just three of those five. In advance of the exam, I am posting here a longer list of POSSIBLE essay questions. The five questions on the actual exam (and therefore any three of those five that you may choose to answer) will be drawn from the set of possible questions below: (1) Contrast the legal philosophies of Hart and Fuller with respect to the notion of legal validity, making reference to the case of the “grudge informer”. Which position do you think is closer to the truth? Give reasons for your opinion. (2) Explain some of Dworkin’s main reasons for interpretivism. (Be sure to explain what “interpretivism” means here.) Do you think his theory is plausible? Give reasons for your opinion. (3) Explain and evaluate an argument for drug prohibition and an argument against drug prohibition. Discuss with reference to the case of R. v. Malmo-Levine and the case of R. v. Caine. Which argument do you think is more convincing? Give reasons for your opinion. (4) Explain some of the main reasons given by (some) feminists such as MacKinnon and Dworkin for making pornography illegal. Explain how their position differs from the simple “causal” argument. Do you think that their reasoning is correct? Give reasons...
Words: 384 - Pages: 2
...Page 36 5 FEMINIST METHODOLOGIES AND EPISTEMOLOGY ANDREA DOUCET Carleton University, Canada NATASHA S. MAUTHNER University of Aberdeen, Scotland O ver the past 10 years of teaching courses on research methods and feminist approaches to methodologies and epistemologies, a recurring question from our students concerns the distinctiveness of feminist approaches to methods, methodologies, and epistemologies. This key question is posed in different ways: Is there a specifically feminist method? Are there feminist methodologies and epistemologies, or simply feminist approaches to these? Given diversity and debates in feminist theory, how can there be a consensus on what constitutes “feminist” methodologies and epistemologies? Answers to these questions are far from straightforward given the continually evolving nature of feminist reflections on the methodological and epistemological dimensions and dilemmas of research. This chapter on feminist methodologies and epistemologies attempts to address these questions by tracing historical developments in this area, by considering what may be unique about feminist epistemologies and feminist methodologies, by reviewing some of sociology’s key contributions to this area of scholarship and by highlighting some key emergent trends. The chapter begins with a brief overview of the theoretical and historical development of feminist epistemologies, followed by a similar overview of feminist methodologies. The final section discusses...
Words: 12047 - Pages: 49
...University of Phoenix Material Philosophy Matrix | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Historical Developments | | | | | | | | | | | | ...
Words: 439 - Pages: 2
...Franklin from the 20th century while Wollstonecraft was from the 18th. Rosalind Franklin is well known for her use of the X-ray on DNA. Franklin took pictures of DNA and found that there were two structures, a dry “A” form and a wet “B” form. This discovery led to the finding that DNA is shaped like a twisted ladder, or a helix. This led to amazing medical advancements that are well known today, such as the DNA “fingerprint”, which allows advances in police work (helping to catch criminals), and advances in curing diseases, either with blood transfusions or blood work. Franklin’s opponent also had a long lasting effect on history. Mary Wollstonecraft was a feminist writer whose novels are still used in classrooms today. Her most famous work A Vindication for the Rights of Woman is one of the earliest works of feminist philosophy. Her scandalous lifestyle was a great example for women of the future and brought feminism into history. Unfortunately, feminism does not always reign supreme, and Franklin walks into the next round. Franklin’s discovery impacted the world of science and medicine so greatly, allowing future scientists to save millions of people. Wollstonecraft may have educated thousands, maybe even millions, but Franklin saved the lives of millions, and her discovery will continue to save lives for thousands of years to...
Words: 799 - Pages: 4
...Hoff Sommers (depicted on the left, above) argues that there are basic human virtues that are not relative to time, place, circumstance or situation. Sommers writes, “It is wrong to mistreat a child, to humiliate someone, to torment an animal. To think only of yourself, to steal, to lie, to break promises, And on the positive side: it is right to be considerate and respectful of others, to be charitable and generous.” (Sommers, qtd. in Rosenstand, p. 480*). You may want to read "Why Can't a Woman Be More Like a Man," an article written by Sommers published in the March/April, 2008 issue of The American, a publication of the American Enterprise Institute. You can link to this article by entering the "Garden of Feminist Ethics" located in the Center for Ethics & Moral Philosophy. Explore the distinctions to be found in these two positions on ethics. With which view do you most agree or disagree? Do you, like Benedict, believe that what is morally right or wrong is completely relative to the culture or the environment and social situation in which a person is raised? Or do you...
Words: 937 - Pages: 4
...Regent University School of Undergraduate Studies CHRISTIANITY AND WICCA: DIAMETRICALLY OPPOSED By COLLIS M. FOGLE RELS 107 Worldviews June 4, 2011 Professor Thomas Kreischer ” that the doctrines, commonly called orthodox, are contrary to reason, are FALLACIOUS; and a similar mode of reasoning, on: the truths of Natural Religion, will land us in atheism.” – ARCHIBALD AleXANDER Introduction The “New Age” is anything but new. This worldview and the myriad pagan and neo-pagan religions gathered beneath the shadow of its relatively large umbrella have been around for centuries. The modern church needs to be aware of the insidious threat posed by this seemingly platonic worldview so that the church, from pastors to congregation, can be adequately equipped to identify, pray and witness against this threat. Wiccans claim that Satan is a myth (and a Christian one at that) and that they believe in no such being. The Holy Bible, the inerrant word of God, says otherwise. There are only two sides in the eternal conflict that humankind is involved in and either we serve God or Satan. This paper will prove this fact and outline the stark differences between Wiccan and a Christian Theistic worldview. Jesus Christ is the key to salvation and without acceptance for His sacrifice; eternal damnation is the ultimate destination. The Bible denounces any and all occult practices. “Let no one be found among you who sacrifices his son or daughter in the fire, who practices divination...
Words: 2484 - Pages: 10
...goals of the liberal feminism movement specifically the economic goals embraced by the. Sherrill now sees herself as a feminist and aligns generally with the liberal feminism movement. According to Wood, “liberal feminism identifies and challenges the institutional practices, policies and laws that exclude women from positions of influence in public and professional life” (Wood, 2013, p.81). In her mind, the Democratic party was more aligned with the feminist cause and could improve the lives of the poor and minorities she came in contact with. After spending most of our time together discussing her past life experiences and discovering those issues that concern her, I asked my final question: what do you want to ask me? Her question was fairly simple and almost pleading; can you see the inequality too? In some aspects, the question would suggest that she sees me as non-caring, perhaps selfish and lacking empathy. It was though her opinion was that social inequality was not aligned with conservative or libertarianism belief systems or that we are not emotionally deep enough to care about the position of others. Taking extra care to ensure that I did not lecture or attempt to change her mind, I did answer her question with a few points and thoughts about my belief system and even how my viewpoints have evolved over the years. Blindly following one philosophy and not listening to other opinions is not helpful and when I mentioned that, she recounted how she cannot talk to...
Words: 926 - Pages: 4
...While Galperin’s first three chapters briefly discuss historical trends, placing the title as a great misnomer, his reading of each work does show great understanding of the period, philosophy, psychology, and Austen. Thus, for those interested in Austen’s writing from a wildcard perspective, his analysis of Jane’s self-consciousness of narrative practices and the novel’s function as a socio-political tool proves useful. For anyone else, the work proves difficult to read. Rather than finding a new insight on Austen’s life or writing, Galperin seems interested in finding what he wants, rather than any hint of history. Chasing his underlying theme of the status of historical agency and the status of the novel at the turn of the century, Galperin takes readers on a wild goose chase left unfinished. Perhaps more appropriate for a philosopher, Galperin’s research does provide occasionally useful insights but on the whole more frustration...
Words: 1508 - Pages: 7
...Final Paper: The Function of Maladjustment in Religious Agency Through their study and analysis of Muslim women’s progression in self-realization through maladjustment Scott and Mahmood demonstrate that religion and religious communities can act as a foundation for female agency in spite of labels given to them by western thought. In his speech “The Power of Nonviolence” Dr. King introduces the notion that there are negative practices and situations where maladjustment is not only a necessity, but an obligation. Maladjustment, as opposed to adjustment, is an essential responsibility of citizenship because it necessitates the progression of social and political structures, “God grant that we will be so maladjusted that we will be able to go out and change our world and our civilization.” (King 15) King describes the two traditional methods for oppressed people to respond; acquiescence, when individuals adjust themselves to maintain some sort of equilibrium (which can lead to stagnation), or an uprising, a form of maladjustment, that usually takes place violently. The Muslim women described in the writings of Mahmood and Scott embody maladjustment despite the fact that they live within the traditionally hierarchical power structure of Islam because they alter the structure of their religion simply by choosing to be being active participants. In “The Subject of Freedom,” Mahmood affirms King’s assertion of the importance of resistance in the form of maladjustment. But in saying...
Words: 966 - Pages: 4
...The philosophical study of social research is an important dimension of social science which has been placed to analyze the problems of social science description and its relationships. Philosophy of social science deals with the generalized meaning of the thing & centered on the sharing of experience about the social world in which people’s perspective differs from one another. The various approaches analyze the social research on the basis of three grounds: Thematic analysis, meta-narratives and mini-narratives and lastly, cause-effect analysis. The changing pattern of the philosophical foundations continuously enriches itself with new dimensions and views about social world. Approaches of philosophy of science in social research There are certain approaches of philosophy of science in social research- * Realism * Empiricism * Positivism * Post positivism * Idealism * Rationalism * Functionalism * Structuralism * Utilitarianism * Instrumentalism * Feminism * Materialism * Skepticism * Nomothetic and Ideographic * Solipsism * Atomism * Holism * Perspectivism * Relativism These are described below- * Realism: Realism is a perspective of social research which represents itself as a dominant indicator on International politics. Context makes the situation. * Ontology: Social reality is stratified into three domains: * the empirical observations are made up of experiences and events...
Words: 1443 - Pages: 6
...CHAPTER 12 Feminist Therapy Co-authored by Barbara Herlihy and Gerald Corey INTRODUCTION History and Development KEY CONCEPTS View of Human Nature Feminist Perspective on Personality Development Challenging Traditional Roles for Women Principles of Feminist Psychology THE THERAPEUTIC PROCESS Therapeutic Goals Therapist’s Function and Role Client’s Experience in Therapy Relationship Between Therapist and Client APPLICATION: Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures The Role of Assessment and Diagnosis Techniques and Strategies The Role of Men in Feminist Therapy FEMINIST THERAPY APPLIED TO THE CASE OF STAN SUMMARY AND EVALUATION Summary Contributions of Feminist Therapy Limitations and Criticisms of Feminist Therapy FEMINIST THEORY FROM A MULTICULTURAL PERSPECTIVE Contributions to Multicultural Counseling Limitations for Multicultural Counseling WHERE TO GO FROM HERE RECOMMENDED SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READINGS 340 SOME C O N TE M P O R ARY FEMINIST T H E R AP I STS Feminist therapy does not have a single founder. Rather, it has been a collective effort by many. We have selected a few individuals who have made significant contributions to feminist therapy for inclusion here, recognizing full well that many others equally influential could have appeared in this space, Feminist therapy is truly founded on a theory of inclusion. member of the board of trustees of the last two. In recent decades...
Words: 19529 - Pages: 79
...Thomas Pogge & Keith Horton (ed.), Global Ethics: Seminal Essays Thomas Pogge & Darrel Moellendorf (ed.), Global Justice: Seminal Essays Will Kymlicka, Politics in the Vernacular (Optional) E-Reserve Essays are in: Phil. 340 E-Reserves: Password = “war” Phil. 338 E-Reserves: Password = “endangered” Phil. 462 E-Reserves: Password = “worldpeace” A. Essays by Rodney G. Peffer (Peffer) B. Marxism, Morality, and Social Justice (MMSJ) I –XXI (Essays) = Essays by other authors divided into Sections All ERES Readings are in my Phil. 462 ERES unless noted otherwise. * = An important component of my next book. Jan. 26 General Introduction to Course Jan. 31 Basics of Political Philosophy/ Peffer’s Theory of Social Justice The following 6 short essays by me are in the “Introductory Materials” sub-folder of the “Essays by Rodney G. Peffer” folder of my Phil. 462 ERES. R.G. Peffer *“On the Nature of Morality” (Peffer – 3) (4th essay from bottom) “ “ “ "Main Types of Moral Theories" (Peffer - 1) " " " "Is Morality Relative?" (Peffer - 3) (or via email) “ “ " "Main Questions of...
Words: 6832 - Pages: 28
...NEO-POSITIVISM STUART DODD (1900) Contributed the S theory as a qualitative systematic theory of society. The symbol S representing situation. Situations are of 4 components; time, space, population, and characteristics. GEORGE ZIPF (1902-1950) The guiding postulate of his theory is the “principle of least effort”- that is, in situations allowing alternatives, people choose those procedures that result in the "least average rate of probable work” WILLIAM OGBURN (1886-1959) Contributed the “hypothesis or theory of culture lag”- the lag between the adaptive culture (nonmaterial culture) and the more advanced material culture. HUMAN ECOLOGY ROBERT PARKS (1864-1959, American) Introduce the term human ecology competition as the basic process in human relationships; biotic factors as the proper field of study in human ecology. ERNEST BURGESS (1886-1996, American) Introduced the Concentric Zones Theory in the development of cities. AMOS HAWLEY His “ecological theory” proposes five ecological processes which bring about changes in the pattern of relationships: concentration expansion or centralization, contraction or decentralization, segregation and conversion. WALTER FIREY Advanced the socio-cultural ecology; posited the theory that space may have symbolic value; cultural definition and cultural values in the giving of meaning to space. EUGENE ODUM Advance the “equilibrium theory” or a balanced development...
Words: 2079 - Pages: 9
...objects. As a term, art history (also history of art) encompasses several methods of studying the visual arts; in common usage referring to works of art and architecture. Aspects of the discipline worms. As the art historian Ernst Gombrich once observed, "the field of art history [is] much like Caesar's Gaul, divided in three parts inhabited by three different, though not necessarily hostile tribes: (i) the connoisseurs, (ii) the critics, and (iii) the academic art historians".[2] As a discipline, art history is distinguished from art criticism, which is concerned with establishing a relative artistic value upon individual works with respect to others of comparable style, or sanctioning an entire style or movement; and art theory or "philosophy of art", which is concerned with the fundamental nature of art. One branch of this area of study is aesthetics, which includes investigating the enigma of the sublime and determining the essence of beauty. Technically, art history is not these things, because the art historian uses historical method to...
Words: 6080 - Pages: 25
...History 200 14 December 2010 1 Mysticism and Diabolic Witchcraft: Female Susceptibility of the Italian Renaissance During the Italian Renaissance, Christianity experienced a heavy resurgence in mysticism. Mysticism was a type of devout faith or spirituality found throughout the convents in Italy and primarily exercised by Christian Italian women (Sheldrake 93-95). These women underwent vivid connections with God which involved an awakening of consciousness and awareness for God’s divine will. In extreme cases, women fell into a transcendental union with God in which they experienced ultimate illumination. In these rare occurrences, women could encounter faith miracles such as stigmatas, ecstasies, or the re-living of Christ’s Passion. During this period, Italy also experienced another intense spiritual movement labeled diabolic witchcraft (Tavuzzi 150). In the case of diabolic witchcraft, again experienced primarily by females, women underwent a concentrated level of worship and contractual relations with Satan. Historical examples show these women developing sexual relations with Satan, as well as maleficia or harmful magic (Tavuzzi 153). The women involved in diabolic witchcraft were pursued by the Church’s legal arm, the Dominican Inquisitors. They were put on trial, accused of heresy, and either imprisoned or killed. Similarly, the Dominican Inquisitors investigated women who were involved in mysticism and upon the examinations performed by the inquisitors;...
Words: 5189 - Pages: 21
