Final Project

1. Biological and Environmental – Fertility:

Three specific procedures that can help to increase the chances of fertility or help families who cannot conceive are, In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), Donor Eggs and Surrogacy. For each of these procedures, the couples should first seek an OB/GYN to assist them in gaging their fertility capabilities. From that point on, the Doctor will then refer them to an Embryologist or Specialist in that particular area or process. It is also good to receive feedback or suggestions from friends or family who have personally gone through the procedure. If couples have difficulty finding a good recommendation, this website provided below will help them to further this process.

http://www.ihr.com/infertility/ivf/how-to-select-infertility-ivf-clinic.html

2. Prenatal Development, Birth and Newborns- Institutions:

Three specific institutions that I will discuss are, Graham’s Foundation, Little Big Souls and the European Foundation for the care of newborn infants (EFCNI). All three of these organizations help to support parents and physicians of premature babies. There resource websites are as follows:

* http://grahamsfoundation.org/ * http://www.littlebigsouls.com/ * http://www.efcni.org/

3. Infancy- How to Breastfeed:

First, they suggest that you learn as much as you can about breast feeding before you even start. They suggest that you talk with other moms you know who have had experience in breast feeding. Next you can look into reading books and taking classes at local hospitals (if they provide them), to help understand the purpose behind breastfeeding and they correct positions to have. This is a skill that has to practiced and learned in order to succeed.

Secondly, breastfeeding is a learning process for both you and your baby. You have to learn the cues for when your baby is hungry and ready to eat and the infant has to learn how to suck on the nipple properly. Some cues that babies will give that they are hungry are smacking or sucking on their lips and eventually crying if they are still not satisfied. When beginning to breastfeed, it is important to have a good position. Babies can usually nurse anywhere from “5 minutes to 45 minutes,” (10tips for breastfeeding success). Using pillow to help support your back that help to decrease risk of back pain or injury later on (tip #1). Also, you can lay a pillow in your lap to support the baby’s weight while breastfeeding. It is important to keep the baby’s nose in line with your nipple.

Next, the most difficult step in the breastfeeding process is getting the baby to latch on correctly to your nipple before beginning. At this time, it is best to support your breast (tips #2). According to the practitioner in the video, you should “scoop up your breast and hold it like a C” (10 tips for breastfeeding success). It is important not to put your index finger too close to the areolar of the nipple because this will cause an improper latch. The nipple should be placed deep in the baby’s mouth, ending up on the soft back palate behind the hard roof in his/her mouth. After the baby is done feeding or if you become uncomfortable, it is important to unlatch safely (tip #3). Even after the baby is done, he/she will still continue to suck because there is still a great deal of suction. The best way to unlatch the baby is to gently take a finger and put it in the corner of the babies mouth to break the suction, then slide the baby off.

Finally, the baby might fall asleep while feeding. In this case, the baby might not have fully finished eating. It is best for you to encourage the baby to start back up feeding again by gently tapping under the chin to wake him. In order to ensure your baby is getting a good amount to eat “is by counting 6 wet and 3 dirty dippers in 24 hours” (10 tips for breastfeeding success).

4. Toddlers- Super Nanny:

The Supernanny show that I chose to watch was the one involving the McMillion family. This was a family of two parents, Cheryl and Johnathon. Together they have three children, Ryan, Hunter and Garrett. Recently, Johnathon has left to go to war for his National Guard unit and Cheryl has had some difficulties taking care of the family. Violence has become a norm in the household and Cheryl has lost full control over her children to the point where she no longer wanted to be around them. Love and affection are scarce to non-existent and they are in desperate need of Jo's services.

Three specific behaviors that needed to be fixed immediately were, Cheryl would spank and punish the children without giving a reason, she would lock herself in her room and she would lock the children out of the house. When Johnathon was home, the children always responded better to him because he was more involved with them. Now that he is gone, Cheryl feels like a single mom and is often overwhelmed. The kids became more violent towards each other because that was how they decided to play and only when they got too far out of hand did Cheryl punish them by spanking them (more violence) without telling them why. Then everyday she would have a set time that she would physically force the kids out of the house to play outdoors and lock them out. They took this as lack of attention from their mother and created a game of trying to break back into the house, while damaging outside features to the house. Finally, when it all became too much, Cheryl would lock herself in her room to avoid confrontation with the children. This led them to cry and scream for their mothers attention and then to continue playing with each other using violence and chaos.

When Jo's came into the picture, she showed footage of the household and explained to Cheryl why her parenting tactics were not working. Then she devised a plan with her. They mad a poster board that stated the rules the children had to follow, which involved not harming each other in any way. Then she told Cheryl to be more affectionate with the children and to implement herself into their playtime. So they created a pie wheel for the children. For every good deed or action that the children did, they would win a ticket. Everytime they did something wrong, they would get the ticket taken away. Four tickets equaled one piece of pie on the pie chart and four pie pieces completed their section of the pie. Then Jo's helped Cheryl create a treasure hunt game with the children so that she could be more involved with their playtime. And when the children did something good, Cheryl would tell them good job and give them a hug. For punishment, it would be different for each child. With Ryan, Cheryl would ignore him to show him that he would not recieve her attention for doing a bad deed and would not let him enjoy the activity with her and the other two children. With Garrett, she would place him on the time out spot and explain to him what he did wrong and leave him there for 3 minutes. When she came back, she would ask him to apologize and then give him a hug once he said sorry.

When Jo left and Cheryl tried to implement these rules on her own, she struggled a little. She got "ticket hungry" and would take away tickets for her own self-benefit such as if Hunter didn't want to give her a hug. And when she put Garrett on time out, she forgot to explain to him why he was being put their so he took it as a game and it defeated the time out spot purpose.

When Jo came back for a follow-up, she discussed with Cheryl her findings. She showed Cheryl footage and Cheryl was able to see her mistakes on her own. Jo said that she was proud of Cheryl for seeing her own mistakes and learning from them. She then works more on Cheryl's interactions with Ryan because he always wants to go against what his mom is acting him to do. Jo says that if Cheryl compromises with Ryan, it will help to diffuse confrontation.

5. Preschool/ Early Childhood- Parenting Styles:

During my childhood I could remember much about my parent’s styles of parenting being that I had not only one, but two parents. I remember my mother for sure displaying and authoritative style of parenting because my mom was very strict with the directions she gave my siblings and I. What makes me think it’s the authoritative style of parenting is because as stated in the exploring lifespan development book, the parent is still sensitive to the child’s needs, but still consistent in enforcing, and also being open to letting the child make decisions based on what was being discussed among the parent and child. Sometimes I felt as though my mother would challenge me when it came to me giving feedback on her enforcement.

6. Adolescence- Peers Gone Bad:
One person that I know in particular was born with bipolar disorder. This disorder has since then controlled his life and often caused him to be uncontrolled. Starting at when he was a teen, he would often feel as though he didn’t really fit in. He would often skip classes that were too hard or complicated. His father constantly tried to encourage him, telling him that he was one of the smartest kids he ever knew (something his father still says to this day, despite his bad life decisions). Around his senior year of college, he dropped out of high school and never went on the pursue a degree. It became increasingly hard for him to find a job. Thus, he depended on his parents to provide food and shelter for him. Because his father loved him so much, he was willing to do what it took to ensure that his son was still alive and well. Over the course of time, this young man’s bipolar disorder started to ware down a little. He started smoking cigarettes and eventually became addicted to Alcohol and weed. Whenever he became intoxicated, he would act irrationally and this would counteract badly with his bipolar disorder medicine. One day he was at a bus station and the bus driver stated that he couldn’t let me on the bus. His anger overcame him and he broke the mirror off the bus an was put in jail. Considering he was a relative of mine, I decided to bail him out of jail and get him back home safely. This was not the first time he had been in jail. One day I asked him, “When will you make new goals for yourself and hopefully say ‘ I want to make something better out of myself, I don’t want to go to jail anymore’.” He simply replied,” I don’t purposely try to put myself in jail, I can’t control my anger and Alcohol is my only stress reliever…Plus I don’t have anything to live for anyways.” Since then, every time I see him, I always try to tell him I love him because sometimes people just need to hear it to believe it. I believe that his father could’ve tried to prevent this at an earlier stage in life by encouraging him to stay in school and challenge himself despite his inability to fit in.

7. Early Adulthood- Domestic Violence Resource:

CAPS- (On campus) Counseling & Psychological Services
Purpose: provided to students concerned about their welfare and mental health status
Contact information: (513)556-0648 (24 hours)
Address: 225 Calhoun Street, Ste.200, Cincinnati OH 45219
Intake procedures: schedule an appointment only
Services provided: counseling and outreach programs
Sexual Assault Support Helpline: 513-556-0648
Candidate requirements: need to be a UC student
Cost: free (included in tuition)

8. Middle Adulthood- Cancer Lives Support Resource:

According to the Cancer Support Community, the 10 most important tips for family and friends caring for a loved on with cancer are:

1 Create a Support System
2 Learn about Cancer
3 Accept a new “Normal”
4 Replenish your mind body and soul
5 Confide in others
6 Plan the future
7 Accept help from others
8 Stay aware of your health
9 Stress-management
10 Do what your capable of and accept defeat

Cancer Support Community Affiliates Offers free of cost support groups and informative programs for patients and loved-ones Local Cincinnati, OH affiliate
4918 Cooper Road Cincinnati, OH 45242
Phone: 513-791-4060
Fax: 513-791-8239 info@cancer-support.org 9. Late Adulthood- Elderly Institution:

Southwest Ohio Senior Olympics

Who: hosted by the city of Cincinnati recreation commission (CRC)
When: April 4th - May 23rd
Purpose: promotes healthy lifestyle choices
Location:
Address: 805 Central Ave, Suite 800, Cincinnati OH 45202
Contact: Karen Bates, 513-352-4012
Email: seniorolympics@cincinnati-oh.gov
Website: http://www.cincinnati-oh.gov/recreation/seniors/senior-olympics/
Services provided: 14 sport events including golf, tennis, swimming, track & field , badminton, basketball and bowling
Cost: $25 before March 30th online; $27 before March 30th mailed in; $30 registration after March 30th
Candidate requirements: athletes ages 50 years of age and older
Intake procedures: must register online or through mailed registration form

10. Death, Dying and Bereavement- Terry Schiavo:

One of the major controversies of this case is who should have the right to make the decision on the patient’s behalf when put on life support: the family or the spouse. Many details to the case of Terri on her husband’s behalf show that some of his decisions and opinions were a conflict of interest. For example, the love interest he had with his fiancé during some of the decision making. After he won the lawsuit against Terri’s doctors for not recognizing her eating disorder, he began to neglect the rest of her health needs. He then found is new love partner. He started to make claims such as he could not grant the doctors the right to prescribe her antibiotics for a UTI because “of some law” and due to the lack of her mental strength. Although no hard evidence was given, Judge Greer denied the family’s request to override Michael Schiavo’s decision. There were many other occasions in which the judge refused to hear the families appeal and the supreme court and Second District Court of Appeals denied to hear their case. In 2001, Terri Schiavo’s feeding tube was removed upon Michael’s request, causing her to become extremely malnourished in under 60 hours of the tube being removed. Some may argue that the courts were so reluctant to hear the family’s appeals because they were not appointed as her plenary guardian. Some say that the family just wanted to prolong the life of a woman who was already dying and by trying to save her, they were only doing more damage.

This leads into the next controversy of whether Terri Schiavo should be taken off her feeding tube or not. Michael stated that some years before Terri came into a vegetative state, they were watching a movie together where one of the main characters were put on a ventilator and she swore she never wanted to be put in that predicament. Some of Terri’s family members also attested to this stating that she did not want to live like this. Michael used this to drive his case to take her off the feeding tube. The family continuously tried to fight to keep her alive. One of Michael’s former lovers came forward and stated that he had never actually had this conversation with Terri. Still, the courts denied the families rights to ask for life to be spared. Once Terry Schiavo’s date was set to have the tube removed October 15, 2003, 180,00 people signed a petition to invoke Michael’s right to have custody over Terri due to allegations of neglect. Terri’s Law was then created to reinstate her nutrition and hydration and to appoint her a Guardian ad Litem. Michael’s lawyer then filed a suit against this and Terri’s law was found unconstitutional. After two weeks from the removal of her feeding tube on March 18th, 2005, Terri Schiavo died of severe dehydration.

An additional controversy was whether or not Terri was in a permanent coma or would eventually wake up from her vegetative state. At first, Michael tried everything in his power to bring Terri back, sending her to surgeons to get experimental therapy and brain surgery. At one point they sent her to rehab after one of the surgeries and stated that she was able to speak simple words like no and mommy. Michael soon realized that this was more painful for Terri and started to believe that it was her time to go. Some were on Michael’s side and believe that Terri was never going to wake up and it was her time to go. Many others supported her family and believed that one day she would soon be able to live again. After Terri’s death, an autopsy was done to show that her brain weighted less than half it’s normal weight due to the brain becoming severely atrophied over the years.

Other cases such as Bobbi Kristina Brown and Jahi McMath still struggle with these same controversies today. It still stands that the spouse will have the last word on medical decision making for incompetent patients. NBC news suggest that if you don’t have a spouse, they recommend that you write down your wishes and have it witnessed and notarized. There are multiple forms online that are available for situations like this. This ties back into the guest speaker who stated that America needs to stop being scared to discuss death and one’s wishes after becoming incompetent. We as the American people must learn to accept death and feel more comfortable taking with our loved ones about it.

http://www.terrisfight.org/timeline/

http://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/bioethicist-tk-n33353