...Impacts of Profitability and Financial Leverage on Firm’s Capital Structure By [Your Name] [Instructor’s Name] [Institution’s Name] [Date] Declaration While conducting the proposed research work, I, being a hard-working, innovative and conscientious researcher, come up with the factual severity of consequences allied with an act of plagiarising content from others’ work. Moreover, I do comprehend the rules and regulations my university encompasses against submitting a plagiarised document. Adhering to all these strict and restricted rules and regulations against plagiarism, I have made all possible endeavours to keep my research report under the level of allowed percentage of plagiarism. Before presenting my research report to my esteemed research guiders and professors, I, hereby declare the authenticity and uniqueness of the presented dissertation, which is, by all means, an innovative piece of writing and is an outcome of hypothetically and logically researched facts and figures allied with the project subject matter which I meticulously researched during my investigative course project. Although, this dissertation is an original piece of research but still, there are some ideas, concepts and theories that are being taken and inspired from previously presented works in this particular domain for endowing my researched topic with a literal and theoretical support as well as for influencing the analyzed outcomes of the proposed research-based exposition...
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...Financial Environment Worksheet LaKisha Carter University Of Phoenix HCS/ 577 Michelle Gomillion November 18, 2013 Financial Environment Worksheet Financial Environments Worksheet Identify three examples of entities with for-profit, not-for-profit, and government financial environments in the health care industry. Compare the similarities and differences between the for-profit, not-for-profit, and government financial environments. | |For-Profit |Not-for-Profit |Government | |Exampl|1.Tenet Health Care |1. American Cancer Association |1. Veterans Affair | |es |2. Blue Cross/ Blue Shield |2. Kaiser Permanente |2.Mayo Clinic | | |3. All Scripts Healthcare Solutions |3.Catholic Healthcare West |3. Los County Department of | | | | |Health Services | |Simila|Generates revenue through daily |Engages in hybrid arrangements, |Same exemptions as not for | |rities|operation |joint ventures and alliances |profits | | | | |Operates under the same health | | |Employees staff with the same | |regulations | | |training and ethical...
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...Introduction This report is to analyse the capital structure of Sainsbury and Morrison. They are the top food retailer and grocery brand in UK market. These two companies use similar debt-equity structure both but with different leverage. Several measurements and methods are used to evaluate companies’ structure and financial decision, including D/E ratio, WACC, CAPM, M&M, Pecking order theory, trade-off, and free cash flow hypothesis. D/E Ratio Debt/Equity Ratio is a debt ratio used to measure a company's financial leverage level. (Investopedia, online) The ratio for these two companies for 2012-2015 is: Debt/Equity ratio | industry | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | Sainsbury | 0.47 | 0.5 | 0.46 | 0.48 | 0.48 | Morrison | 0.47 | 0.70 | 0.65 | 0.47 | 0.32 | The industry median is 0.47, which indicates that food retailing industry relies on debts to finance its assets. This capital structure is commonly used in food retailing industry. The benefit using debts will be referred in detail in this report. This chart indicates that Sainsbury’s D/E ratio does not change a lot in the past four years, whereas Morrison’s increase constantly from 0.32 to 0.70. Sainsbury maintained the level of leverage around the industry median level; however, Morrison went above that in 2014 and 2015. This ratio also reflects the company’s risk level. Sainsbury is in a moderate level, but the risk of Morrison rises as they finance the firm more and more based on debts. Weighted...
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...Working Capital Structure and Financing Pattern of Mauritian SMEs Kesseven Padachi*; C. Howorth[1]; M. S. Narasimhan[2] and R. Durbarry3 *School of Business, Management and Finance University of Technology, Mauritius La Tour Koenig, Pointe – aux – Sables, Mauritius kpadachi@utm.intnet.mu ABSTRACT The competitive nature of the business environment requires firms to adjust their strategies and adopt good financial policies to survive and sustain growth. Most firms have an important amount of cash invested in current assets, as well as substantial amounts of current liabilities as a source of financing. This paper therefore analyses the working capital structure and financing pattern of small to medium-sized Mauritian manufacturing firms, using primarily secondary data. Structural differences in working capital and the financing pattern of the sample firms are analysed and the results showed significant structural changes over the study period. The research finding revealed disproportionate increase in current asset investment in relation to sales resulting in sharp decline in working capital turnover. The analysis also revealed an increasing trend in the short-term component of working capital financing; in particular trade credit and other payables have financed the major part of working capital. This over-concentration on short-term funds is a reality of the SMEs as they often faced difficulties in raising finance and they are viewed to be informationally opaque....
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...Fall 13 Fall 13 Professor Bee Lin Yeo Professor Bee Lin Yeo Individual Assignment Part II Tiffany Ling-Vannerus MANAGERIAL FINANCE Individual Assignment Part II Tiffany Ling-Vannerus MANAGERIAL FINANCE 08 Fall 08 Fall Table of Contents RNB and the changing market 3 Sustainability issues in focus 4 Sales and Earnings 4 Financial Structure 5 Financial risks 6 Strategic and operational risks 6 Third Quarter, March 1, 2013 – May 31, 2013 6 Outlook 7 It has been an eventful but challenging year for RNB as the market has been characterized by increasing competition from e-commerce players and a continued weak market trend. They managed to secure the Group’s financial platform through a rights issue in the spring, while renegotiating the terms of their loans. Concurrently, they have continued their intensive restructuring efforts. This work has resulted in the sale of Kosta, and the closure of the Sisters concept has been initiated. However, the major activity has been the strategic review of the business concept in JC. RNB and the changing market Market conditions during the fiscal year 2012/2013 got even tougher with relatively weak consumer confidence and negative growth for the third consecutive year in comparable stores, with increasingly aggressive offers from e-commerce players, with segment substitution between the sportswear and clothing trade, combined with excessive product supply that is aggressively fighting over shrinking demand...
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...Drivers of Industry Financial Structure In order to facilitate our analysis we divided the companies into services, retail and R&D. The first step was to divide the balances between the ones that had a value for R&D/Sales and the ones that didn’t. So we have balance sheets A, F, G and J and the companies that require R&D are the Developer of Prepackaged Software, the On-line Retailer, the Pharmaceutical Company and the Manufacturer of Electronic Communications Equipment. Now we have six remaining balance sheets and six companies. We divided these remaining companies into services and retail. Companies in the service business usually have low inventories so we have balance sheets C, D and I and the Major Passenger Airline, the International Hotel Chain and the Temporary Staffing Agency. The remaining companies are the Warehouse Club for Food and General Merchandise, the Supermarket Grocery Retailer and the Manufacturer and Marketer of Consumer Products and these industries are characterized by high receivables, high inventories and high inventory turnover so, we can conclude that the corresponding balance sheets are B, E and H. We will now perform more in-depth analysis in order to match each company to each balance sheet. R&D Companies On-Line Retailer In order to specify what balance sheet corresponds to the On-line Retailer we must first define some of the characteristics of On-line Retailers. On-line Retailers require some R&D (9,7%) exactly because they are on-line...
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...Outline Thesis: In examining the contributing factors of the financial collapse of 2008, were the warning signs ignored? Could the crisis have been averted? Once we examine the mortgage industry and Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDO’s); those whom we entrust to oversee our financial system; the media; and the global economy as a whole, what lessons had been learned, what is the future prognosis? Body: 1. The mortgage industry and Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDO’s) a. How was the mortgage industry the main player in the collapse? b. What is a CDO and how does it relate to the mortgage industry? c. How did these cause/contribute to the collapse? d. What was the effect? 2. Those whom we entrust to oversee our financial system e. Office of the Treasury – Who are “they” what is their role? f. Did they not see the collapse coming? g. What red flags were ignored? h. How did inaction cause/contribute to the collapse? i. What was the effect? 3. The Media a. What effect did the media have on this collapse? b. Did it help or hinder? 4. The Global Economy as a whole j. What constitutes a Global Economy? k. How are the global financial markets inter-related? l. Was the United States solely responsible for the global crash? m. How was bad debt scattered among international markets? n. What was the effect? Conclusion: Given such contributing...
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...Organisation structure Structure relates to a skeletal framework of activities and processes in an organisation and specifies the roles of these in achieving goals and objectives of the organisation. According to (Mullins, 2009), a good structure is highly important due to the fact that decisions on structure are primary strategic decisions which can make or break an organisation. One important aspect of a good structure is the human element. Organisation structure should be designed so as to encourage employees and increase the morale and job satisfaction of organisation members which will result to overall organisation efficiency. (Mullins, 2006) describes nine basic considerations in the design of organisation structure. The fundamental step is to define organisational objectives to enable further analysis and comparisons of other forms of structure. Clarification of objectives A clear definition of objectives is vital to provide a framework for the design of structure of an organisation. Organisation objectives provide fundamental schemes for division of labour and creation of group units and sub units. Clearly stated aims and objectives will assist in decisions on the strategy and structural dimension to employ to achieve organisational objectives. Task and element functions Certain functions must be performed in order to produce a good or service, from the development of the good or service to finance of resources used in the complete processing. These functions...
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...Critical Book Review: States and Markets Susan Strange 1993 Susan Strange wrote States and Markets in 1994 and it was amazingly predictive of the future of the Internal Political Economy or Global Political Economy (IPE or GPE). Although there are some blind spots in her theory and mode, and she was not able to predict many things. She was still able to accurately describe the four main structures, which affect structural and relational power structures thereby directly affecting IPE. * The model she proposes in this book is not based on rigid theories of international relations that give no room for debate, which are erroneously based on some preconceived assumptions. First, one must understand how the author defines certain ideas and concepts differently. According to Strange “ Firstly a great deal of social theory is no more then description” (Strange, 10, 1994). She expands with the facts are well known but are arranged in a different order or category (Strange, 10, 1994). Susan Strange’s security structure is not rigid, like most other security models and it does not dictate a set of conditions nor does it bias itself to one nation. It is not a uniquely American perspective that assumes military dominance nor is it a British Empire that demands subjugation. It is more easily applied to developing nations that lack the military might of a super power due to its assumption of conventional forces only and lack of military. She theorizes that without protection...
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...that take hold of structures that are built today and three – quarters of a century ago. These structures are designed and tested for weaknesses using computer simulation and this seems to be a problem that has caused loss of life as well as large financial loss. In order to keep these disasters from occurring the investment in a computer monitoring system, which would monitor the structural integrity of various buildings and bridges, would be beneficial from a safety and financial stand point. The implementation of this system should be begun immediately to prevent any further happenings. Further research into perfecting this system needs to be a top priority due to the fragile nature of the problem. INTRODUCTION By investing in a computer monitoring system that would monitor the structural integrity of structures, like bridges and buildings, the benefit would be much more valuable in the long run by saving lives and money. Instead of waiting for a disaster and then sending experts out to the scene to find out what happened there needs to be a monitoring system to give warning before the disaster even comes to pass. This technology would be a lot like using seismographs. The system would have to be wireless and would connect to a hub within a certain parameters. These hubs would be sporadically built in areas around the world. The individual hubs would monitor a certain number of structures for any sign of structural failure. The structures would be fitted with...
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...Introduction Organizations based their business system in different structures. Organizations can operate with blended approach between mechanistic and organic structures that need to change within some of structural traits as organizations change and mature. A success factor for organizations has the ability to adapt different structures, systems and processes to capture new market and expand. The organization design is a critical determinant of strategic competitive advantage. The importance of organization design for business leaders will also determine how effective is their strategies. Discussions The two structures for organization are basically the organic and mechanistic organization. A mechanistic organization has a rigid structure that is inflexible. Meanwhile, an organic organization is loosely designed with few levels of hierarchy and a lot of flexibility. The two structures will impact the effect of an organization. The contingency factors of organizational design decisions can affect the strategy and structure that can facilitate the achievement of goals. The innovation is a free flow of information that is based on organic organization. The cost minimization that seeks efficiency, stability, and control is under the mechanistic organization. The technological aspect of an organization in both mechanistic and organic supports the routine and non-routine technology, respectively. The output of every technology depends on the production types. Mechanistic Versus...
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...the way things currently are and do not show great support towards potential changes at the firm; customers on the other hand mainly stated that companies should always invest in differentiation in such a competitive environment. 2. Rituals and Routines The rituals and routines at A.G. Barr are regular as employees are working on normal time-schedules. The only extra activity they have organized is an annual picnic with the whole firm. 3. Symbols The visual representation of the company is also not as different from most companies as they operate in a normal-sized, clean office space. People can dress up according to their status; workers in their workers’ outfit and managers in suit and tie. 4. Organizational Structure The structure at A.G....
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...employees. Therefore, external as well as internal equity play an important role in an organization’s design of its compensation structure. In this essay, it shall examine the total compensation plans for the Home Depot Corporation and IBM Global Services, focusing on internal as well as external equity. Additionally, it shall also review the various advantages as well as disadvantages of internal and external equity for both organizations. Finally, it will provide an explanation to how each plan supports each organization total compensation objectives as well as the relationship of the organization’s financial situation to its plan (University of Phoenix, 2009). Internal and external equity An Organization that notably uses internal equity to form its pay structure is the Home Depot. The Home Depot’s internal equity exist because of its pays wages and hiring processes designed to fit each store budget, instead of hiring people with the skills to do the job at a market rate pay. The Home Depot’s decentralized stores use an elitist compensation system with different compensation plans by organization level and incentives offered only to specific employees or units. The Home Depot’s internal equity compares each pay level to other employees and business units in the company’s hierarchy. This process exists to balance the compensation structure appropriate to a job profile in comparison to the pay wages of its senior and junior level executives in the company. However...
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...The proposed taxonomy will be as follows: - Before application - Graduate Coursework Programmes Available - Master of Mass Communication - About the Programme - Admission Requirements - Programme Structure - Curriculum - Course fees - Contact Us - Master of Science in Knowledge Management - About the Programme - Admission Requirements - Programme Structure - Curriculum - Course fees - Contact Us - Master of Science in Information Systems - About the Programme - Admission Requirements - Programme Structure - Curriculum - Course fees - Contact Us - Master of Science in Information Studies - About the Programme - Admission Requirements - Programme Structure - Curriculum - Course fees - Contact Us - Application Period - Fees, Financial Assistance, and Scholarships - Additional Information for International Students - On-Campus and Off-Campus Accommodation - Cost of Living - During application - Apply online - Send supporting documents - Pay application fee - Check application status - After application - Accept offer - Apply for accommodation - Register for courses The taxonomy is designed with the end-user in mind. The intended users of the taxonomy are prospective students to the graduate coursework programmes in the Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information. The purpose of the taxonomy is to provide these prospective students with all the necessary information needed to help them decide whether and which programme to apply for and to aid them in the application and...
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...Chapter 3 Organization Design * Defined by the arrangement of responsibilities, authority and flow of information within an organization. * Organization structure is analogous to human anatomy with the caveat that an organization structure can be changed Organization Design Cont. * Two interrelated parts to organization design * How to divide the work and responsibilities and allocate them to units in an organization * How to coordination the work for those units to perform the organization’s overall work effectively The Importance of Organizational Design * Grouping people into work units having a common supervisor is a micro level in a organization. * EX: In small hospitals the nurse manager report directly to the VP for nursing * EX: In large hospitals there are intermediate of organization in nursing, with several nursing managers that all report to the director of nursing and then they report to the VP of nursing * Organization allocates resources and conduct planning and holds people accountable for performance and the use of those resources. Table of Organization * A table of organization or organizational chart, Consisting of boxes and lines provides a shorthand for describing structure * Dividing work and responsibilities to be performed by different units has both advantages and disadvantages. Twin Structural Issues; Differentiation and Integration * Differentiation- Segmentation of an...
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