...Federalism is also known as a division of governmental power. With Federalism all government offices work for the people and not one another. Created by our founding fathers this system was designed to ensure that all people of this country would be assured to the freedoms of which we hold so dear, but also to ensure that no one person could become a tyrant. On the other hand the federal government does have some powers over the States, and Cities, yet these are inherited as history has shown us giving states free range is not always the best idea. The civil war is a great example of where states wanting to succeed from the USG, allowing them to not adhere to any of the constitutional laws enacted by Congress, such as the abolition of slavery, and their desire to create their own currency. By spreading the power between the federal government, and local government the citizens are encouraged to stay active in their government, and the policies they put in to place. Some of the benefits of federalism includes a lot of which many people may take for granted. Our highway system is one that everyone benefits from. Even if they do not drive, any goods they may purchase from a store, was transported on these highways. If this was left up to the states to govern, then we could be driving on one side of the road in one state, and have to switch over to the other side when entering a different state. With our federal government financing our highway system they make sure that practically...
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...Wichita Confronts Contamination Conlan, From Cooperative to Opportunistic Federalism Case 3 February 12, 2014 This week’s case study concerns the discovery of a contamination problem in Wichita’s downtown commercial and residential area. The case discusses what steps were taken to remedy the situation that were the most efficient and cost effective. The content area addressed by this week’s readings and case are focused on intergovernmental relations. Intergovernmental relationship is important to public administration because different levels of government offices need to work together to fulfill objectives that benefit the public. It is more beneficial to everyone involved for administrations to coordinate and collaborate together to resolve problems. Federalism, in part, is the system where federal government and state governments work together to the same end. The case takes place in Wichita, Kansas, in the summer of 1990. Acting for the Environmental Protection Agency, the Kansas Department of Health and Environment reported the downtown business district was sitting on an underground polluted lake, six square miles in size and fifteen feet below the surface. The area was called the Gilbert-Mosley site because the Gilbert-Mosley intersection was near the center. The lake was full of hazardous, commercial and industrial chemicals that caused cancer and other health issues. This discovery was very problematic for the revitalization of the declining downtown...
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...An Essay on Fiscal Federalism Wallace E. Oates Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 37, No. 3. (Sep., 1999), pp. 1120-1149. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-0515%28199909%2937%3A3%3C1120%3AAEOFF%3E2.0.CO%3B2-A Journal of Economic Literature is currently published by American Economic Association. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/journals/aea.html. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is an independent not-for-profit organization dedicated to and preserving a digital archive of scholarly journals. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. http://www.jstor.org Tue Apr 24 17:00:09 2007 Journal of Economic Literature Vol. XXXVZZ (September 1999) pp. 1120-1 149 An Essay on Fiscal Federalism 1. Introduction ISCAL DECENTRALIZATION is in vogue. Both in the industrialized and in the...
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...The Davao chief executive also said that he would not declare martial law — unlike the "doomsday" scenario painted by his opponents. "But I tell criminals not to push me to go the extreme," Duterte warned. Duterte also specifically said that he would end the problem of illegal drugs in just three to six months into his administration. Organizers and supporters of Duterte said that it would be the first time for the tandem to lay down their platform of government. Duterte: Polls on federalism in 2 yrs DAVAO CITY—Presumptive President-elect Rodrigo Duterte projected a two-year timetable to submit to a referendum his proposal to dismantle the current presidential, unitary form of government and put in place a federal one. Duterte said he would give himself up to two years to submit the federalism proposal to a plebiscite or a referendum. “Not later than two years, we will submit the (federalism) issue for a plebiscite or a referendum,” Duterte said. He reiterated that nothing short of federalism could appease the restless Moro population, whose high...
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...APPENDIX 1 INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS IN FEDERAL SYSTEMS INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS IN FEDERAL SYSTEMS 1 Introduction 1 2 FEDERAL SYSTEMS 3 3 WHAT ARE INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS? 4 4 AUSTRALIA’S FEDERATION – HOW IS IT OPERATING? 5 5 INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS 8 6 INTERNATIONAL FEDERAL SYSTEMS: A BRIEF OVERVIEW 9 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 PRINCIPLES OF INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS EFFECTIVENESS TRANSPARENCY ACCOUNTABILITY EFFICIENCY INDEPENDENCE 11 11 33 34 37 40 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 INTERGOVERNMENTAL FISCAL ARRANGEMENTS REVENUE RAISING SPENDING FISCAL EQUALISATION MONITORING POLICY 43 43 51 55 56 57 9 CONCLUSION 59 INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS IN FEDERAL SYSTEMS INTRODUCTION 1| INTRODUCTION Australia, like many other systems of government around the world, is a federal system. Federations, while divided into different levels of government inevitably have a degree of interdependency between governments. Inescapably there arises a degree of conflict or ineffective governance. For example, disputes may arise between different governments on the basis of service provision or infrastructure, constitutional jurisdiction, fiscal arrangements (e.g. vertical fiscal imbalance or spending powers) or environmental or social issues. Most federations have developed a system of intergovernmental consultation and ...
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...Marshall's decision in the case Marbury vs. Madison was and how our entire Supreme Court and country's politics would be different if he had not made the decision. John Marshall's decision to declare that the Supreme Court could not give out writs of mandamus and thus the Judiciary Act of 1789 (that gave out this power) was unconstitutional set the precedent for the Supreme Court to have the power to declare a law unconstitutional with the principle of judicial review. With this decision, he gave the Judiciary Branch as much power as the other two branches, and also stressed the power of the national government over the states. Without this decision, the states could be the final authority in determining if laws are unconstitutional and federalism would have been minimized. The states would not respect the decisions of the federal government. In this case, William Marbury, a Federalist and a “midnight appointment” of President John Adams, did not receive his commission from the new Secretary of State under Thomas Jefferson, James Madison. Marbury asked the Supreme Court to issue a “writ of mandamus” forcing Madison to deliver his commission. Marshall dismissed suit, but in doing so struck down part of Judiciary Act of 1789 because the Supreme Court had no authority to give Marbury his commission. This was significant because it established the precedent of “judicial review” and that the Supreme Court, not states, had power to declare laws of Congress unconstitutional. Before...
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...ASSESSMENT ON NIGERIAN FEDERALISM: PATH TO A TRUE FEDERAL SYSTEM BY: IRABOR PETER ODION 07037830536 p24real2000@yahoo.com DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL STUDIES, FEDERAL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION (TECHNICAL) POTISKUM, YOBE STATE BEING A PAPER PRESENTED AT THE 4TH ANNUAL NATIONAL CONFERENCE ORGANISED BY COLLEGES OF EDUCATION ACADEMICS STAFF UNION (COEASU) FEDERAL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION (TECHNICAL) POTISKUM CHAPTER HELD AT I.B.B HALL F.C.E (T) POTISKUM, YOBE STATE 31ST OCTOBER, 2011-4TH NOVEMBER 2011 ABSTRACT It is no gain saying that Nigeria is one of those countries that operates a federal system of government along side with the western world. Given the territorially delineated cleavages abounding in Nigeria and the historical legacy of division among ethnic groups, regions, and sections, the federal imperative was so fundamental that even the military government- characteristically Unitarian, hierarchical, and centralist- attached importance to the continuation of a federal system of government. But it must be said here that, while the system benefit most western countries, the reverse is the case for Nigeria considering the high level of political instability, ethnic crisis, and ethno/religious crisis among others The reason is not far fetch; Nigeria is operating a federal system in an awkward manner and this has make frictions and clashes possible which are currently posing a threat to her political development. To this end, this paper seeks to analyze Nigerian federalism from history, reasons...
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...The Anti-Federalists The debate between federalists and anti-federalists was very intense during the time the constitution was ratified. The anti-federalists wished to prevent a surplus of power in the national government by giving states the supreme power. Federalists wanted a larger central government for a good military and law enforcement. The anti-federalists had the most liberty under their form of government. One problem the federalists had with their form of government was that it would allow the majority to infringe of the rights of the individuals. James Madison explained this in the federalist papers, “A pure democracy can admit no cure for the mischiefs of faction. If the views of the faction become the will of the majority of people, there is nothing to stop them from trampling on the rights of those who have different views. A common passion or interest will be felt by a majority, and there is nothing to check the inducements to sacrifice the weaker party.” One thing that the anti-federalists wanted to prevent was peoples rights being taken by groups of special interests. Another problem with the federalists is that they didn’t want the states to have the right to secede. Hamilton explains it this way, “All men of sense will agree in the necessity of an energetic executive … The ingredients which constitute energy in the executive are unity; duration; an adequate provision for its support; and competent powers.” So Hamilton wanted a strong executive branch...
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...Not ratifying the constitution would have been the better choice. Having a federal system where the sates are supreme makes is more beneficial to the people; having a strong central government however, leaves room for domination and control. The federalist supported the constitution and wanted a strong central government. As an anti-federalist the main focus of interest is the protecting the people's rights and limiting government control. Federalist supported the constitution, and wanted immediate ratification. They favored limiting state power, and believed that a strong central government was needed to protect the country. The Federalist's response to the anti-Federalist claim that a Bill of Rights should be introduced was that it would be dangerous. If a right was not listed, what was stopping the government from violating that law? The Federalist figured it would be best if no specific law was listed. Anti-Federalists did not want to ratify the constitution. Most Anti-Federalists believed that a somewhat stronger central government was needed, but for the most part favored a federal system where the states were supreme. Anti-Federalists did not want to ratify the constitution because there was no bill of rights, they wanted the rights of the people to be documented, and limit government power to some degree. The anti-federalist also believed that congress and the executive branch held too much power, and they feared that people of wealth would have the opportunity to...
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...Tussle between Judiciary and Media Judiciary is the only istitute in Pakistan who is giving fair to masses and cheif justice Iftikhar chaudry is the only person who keep maintain judiciary but unfortunatly our federal government are making conflict with judiciary and impacts shows on on the poor people of pakistan.ppp colition parties and opposition are standing like dumb and enjoying the play.in this situation judiciary is grace for us from allah but govt is making rumours against judiciary.some months ago they traped Arsalan iftikhar in a case through Malik riaz and try hard to defame the judiciary and iftikhar chaudry but chief justice is still is on his way and govt is keeping on publishment of scandles against judiciary when supreme court disqualified ex.pm Gillani after this tregidy the War started b/w them benefits and advantages are being received by foriegn agencies.colition parties are also consoliding the federal govt.in rental power case supreme court issued the warrant of pm raja ashraf.these all shows that the pppp is guilty and they should mind their ways if this tussle b/w these continue then i think no one will save the image and base of pakistan.on the other end pakistan is debtor of world bank and Imf and passing through wave of terrorism no one is thinking about it that what will be the Future of pakistan they must united and should find a...
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...------------------------------------------------- too many cooks spoil the broth ------------------------------------------------- It means that if too many people try to do the same thing, they end up ruining it. If you have too many cooks trying to cook one broth or soup, they get in each other's way and end up adding the wrong things. It means that a simple thing like a broth (or a movie script) is better when it doesn't have many authors contributing to it. If more than one cook handles one pot of soup the ingredients like salt, for example, may be doubled or tripled (according to how many cooks handle the pot) thus spoiling it. Too many people trying to do the same thing together are likely to ruin the job. if too many people are involved in something it often gets too complicated. if its used it means that some people need to back off When too many people take charge on a task, it might end up ruining the whole thing. Rosalind is a fictional character and the romantic female lead in the play As You Like It (1600) by William Shakespeare. She is the daughter of the exiled Duke Senior and niece to his usurping brother Duke Frederick. Her father is banished from the kingdom which breaks her heart. She then meets Orlando and falls in love with him. After angering her uncle, she leaves his court for exile in the Forest of Arden. There, she lives disguised as a shepherd named Ganymede with her sweet and devoted cousin, Celia, disguised as his sister, Aliena and...
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...As transportation in America has continued to evolve and expand in America the transportation policy has lacked the same evolvement and growth. Faced with an ever growing population and an economy that depends on transportation more than ever, American transportation network is based on a policy that has not been significantly updated since the 1950’s. With a policy that is so out of date it has become increasingly hard to secure funding to maintain and build new roads, this is where the issue of federalism arrives. Working with the federal, state and local government there has to be a solution to the transportation policy. The Transportation Policy as we know it today started as the Interstate program according to Shirayanagi, H., & Kitamura, Y. (2011) “in 1956 also called the 1956 Federal-Aid Highway Act, appropriated $25 billion (about $197 billion in 2009 dollars) to build 41,000 miles of multi-lane, limited access highways.” (p.253) While it was done to connect states and make it easier for economic center to connect it helped develop travel within cities themselves. These highways were built with 90 percent federal funding the only problem was that the local government did not get any money to improve the transportation systems. Fast-forward to August 2005 according to Shirayanagi, H., & Kitamura, Y. (2011) “ the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: (SAFETEA-LU) which is our current transportation policy signed by President George W. Bush...
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...Use your knowledge of the era of 1785-1788 and the documents provided to answer the following question: What were the major arguments that surfaced in opposition to the new Constitution proposed in 1787? How did supporters of the Constitution counter those arguments? Previous attempts to change the Articles of Confederation had failed because the approval of every state was required. There was often one or more recalcitrant member of the union. For example, Rhode Island even refused to take part in the framing; opposition to a new constitution was certainly formidable. Consequently, the Convention discarded the provision of unanimous approval and adopted the notion that the new Constitution would pass with only the approval of nine states. The draft of the new constitution called for an ultimate executive leader. This was extremely controversial, as the nation had been founded to escape the practice of having a single leader. However, it was generally admitted that the Articles of Confederation were a failure because the people had too much voice. The national government could not impose or collect taxes, and they could not forcibly uphold the law to any state. The problem that needed to be overcome was whether the separate states would cast aside their provinciality and become a single body under the federal structure. Those supporting the ratification of the constitution called themselves Federalists, and those against it became known as Antifederalists. Federalists...
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...PA 584 Week 6 Intergovernmental Management You Decide Assignment The ethical issue at hand is that the FEMA Training Manager Jim Phanner, who is also in charge of providing the federal grant to the state, is trying to persuade me to use the service of one of his friend’s company. Jim mentioned that he is the one who was in charge of providing the grant and that his friend Pat Provedor, who is a sales representative at Timo Manufacturing company and that his services should be utilized. Jim is trying to push me to use Pat’s company and advising that he may be invite me to watch the game in the company’s skybox as an exchange for the business that he will receive. Competitive bidding would be useful in this case because the state would want to go for the cheapest bid but in addition to the most reliable company so that it shows that federal dollars are not being used wastefully. The only impediment that I see is that the Timo Manufacturing Company that was mentioned is not trying to negotiate and it was stated by Jim that they may not be the cheapest but they are good. In this case it poses a problem because there is a small amount of time that I have to make a decision as to the company that I should use. My supervisor Justine White also mentioned that she wants it be done in all efficiency because she wants good press to come out of this. If I were...
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...V SEMESTER B.A.LL.B.(HONS.) COURSE ARTICLE SUBMISSION A Critical Analysis of Evolution of Cooperative Federalism and Obstacles Ahead for Its Development For the academic year 2014-15 Prepared & Submitted by: Submitted To : Bharat Singh (12BAL112) Ms. Alinkrita Tripathi Acknowledgment This study is the culmination of the efforts of a number of individuals and organizations. I gratefully acknowledge the support and inspiration of which helped me to accomplish this project. I gratefully acknowledge all the sources from which this report has been enriched. Though I have taken all efforts to make the report flawless, I take responsibility for any mistake appearing inadvertently. DECLARATION I hereby declare that the project work entitled “A Critical Analysis of Evolution of Cooperative Federalism and Obstacles Ahead for Its Development” submitted to the Institute of Law Nirma University, is a record of an original work done by me under the guidance of Ms. Alinkrita Tripathi who is the Assistant Professor in ILNU. The results embodied in this thesis have not been submitted to any other University or Institute for the any award or degree. A Critical Analysis of Evolution of Cooperative Federalism and Obstacles Ahead for Its Development India is the largest democracy which is reason of pride for every Indian. Democracy always reflects view of majority, so now question arises what about those people who are in minority or culturally diverse but still they are...
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