...professor at the University of Hawaii, globalization can be defined as the “intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localitites in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa” (13). The main characteristics of globalization are the increased amount of global trading, markets’ openings, and inflow and outflow of goods and service (Ditmore, 186). Globalization has four major qualities such as creation of new social networks, stretching of social relations, intensification of social exchanges, and consciousness across the world (14-15). Globalization can be beneficial in terms of communication and economic trade but also can be very harmful when it comes to sex marketing, trafficking and prostitution. Prostitution is a very controversial topic and is widely debated in different countries. Globally, people are divided into proponents and opponents of legalization of prostitution. This paper is going to research and critically analyze the conflict regarding legalization of prostitution as well as provide a comparative perspective on illegal prostitution in the United States and legal prostitution in Germany. Prostitution is often named as the oldest profession in the world. Even in the times of Bible, prostitution was one of the most common ways for women to earn money. According to American Bible Society, Proverbs 23:27-28 says “for a prostitute is a deep pit; an adulteress is a narrow well.” Ancient Greece...
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...Human Trafficking Article 3, paragraph (a) of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons defines Trafficking in Persons as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs ( www.unodc.org). Human trafficking has become a major problem worldwide which affects many people it is also a serious crime and a violation in human rights. An estimated 600-800 thousand people are moved unwillingly between international borders each year). There is an even larger number of 12.3 million people who are estimated to be forced to work in agriculture, manufacturing, and the sex trade. A majority of the people forced into labor, especially into the sex trade, are children, most of which are women, at an estimated 1 million children per year. There is a large amount of violence and abuse involved in sex slavery, many times leading to death. Globalization seems to have played a major role in the rise of sex...
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...Until recently, in the US, the thought of Human Sex Trafficking never occurred to Americans. Human sex trafficking is an illegal activity. This involves selling, buying and trading of people. They are transported away from their families and communities and are forced to work against their own will. People are trafficked both between countries and within the borders of a state. It is also known as modern slavery and a form of sexual exploitation; where women’s, girls and children’s are forced to enter in the world of prostitution. People do this to make money, for some people it’s a business a way to make profit. 27 million people all over the world are currently being forced into human sex trafficking, 1 million children will be exploited by the commercial sex trade each year (Buzzle). The purpose of this paper is to inform the audience about the crime of human sex trafficking. What is the background on human sex trafficking? What is the current situation in India with human sex trafficking? What will happen in the future with the issues of human sex trafficking? Human Trafficking is defined in the Trafficking Protocol as "the recruitment, transport, transfer, harboring or receipt of a person by such means as threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud or deception for the purpose of exploitation." Human sex trafficking is the modern equivalent of slavery. It’s an incredibly profitably crime, bringing quick, high profits...
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...worse kind of illegal trade. Humans. Besides the illegal trade of weapons and drugs, human trafficking is the third largest illegal money-maker (Farr 2). Human trafficking is the purchase, sale, recruitment, harboring, transportation, transfer, or receipt of a person for the purpose of commercial sex (Gerdes 19). This being the world’s third largest illegal industry, it is rarely heard of and expressed. Human Trafficking is an enormous global problem. Of the estimated four million people who are trafficked around the world each year, over one million are trafficked into the sex industry. The volume keeps increasing. Researchers believe that the “actual” numbers are much higher than these estimates because many instances of trafficking go undetected (Farr 3). Researchers have concluded that sex trafficking is one of the most, if not the most, rapidly growing form of human trafficking (Farr 5). This industry is expanding at an ever accelerating rate, operating in marketplaces where supply and demand are high and risks to the traffickers are low, making it a highly profitable and enduring business (Farr 3). , The fastest-growing source region is the former Soviet States now known as the NIS (Newly Independent States). Not only did they serve as the fastest-growing source region, but also they were the introductory, contextual example of the supply side of sex trafficking. Most recent studies suggest that there are as many as 500,000 women from the NIS sold into...
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...Human Trafficking: Let’s Make a Change Slavery was a big political issue starting in 1750. People were made to do things against their will or be beaten or even killed. Although slavery was not acknowledged as sex slavery it was more slave labor many media outlets, authors, and activists compare slavery from 1750 to sex trafficking that is going on today right in our own backyards. Human Trafficking is defined as the illegal trade of human beings for reproductive slavery, commercial sexual exploitation, forced labor, or a modern- day form of slavery by Wikipedia. In this piece I will discuss what Human Trafficking is, how Americans can educate the public about Human Trafficking, how we can educate law enforcement officials and medical personal to look for the signs of a person that is being victimized by a trafficker, and how we can provide help and support to people who have been victimized by human trafficking. Human Trafficking has become the second largest illegal industry and it brings in approximately $32 billion yearly (Johnson). Human Trafficking is a huge illegal business. The traffickers lure women and young girls into the business by making them promises of the good life such as money, fame, and escape from a home life that is abusive or neglectful. Traffickers are very good at what they do. They have gone high tech, by targeting young girls through social networks, traffickers also target teens that are on the streets, and teens that are being abused...
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...The Affect of Human Trafficking on the Global Community Emma-introduce the issue of human trafficking as a vulnerable population that affects the global community. Paper will cover population description, social issues, and macro (world-wide) interventions. Population Description Human Trafficking is harboring people without their consent to say so. These people are threaten and taking against their will. Abduction is the main form of human trafficking because they seek out person who are vulnerable to society and does not have enough funds to make ends meet so they are taking advantage of by allowing those to abuse them by receiving payment for their freedom. Women are more vulnerable to trafficking because of the impoverished, uneducated ethnic minority, rural or refugee groups. Most women lack employment because of lack of education. Children are to most vulnerable to trafficking because of the physical, mentally and emotionally they has become by the country. Mothers sit at home wondering if they going to ever see their child again. Because society has made for them to allow their child ages 10-21 to traffic for means of food. “The U.S government estimates that there are approximately 800,000 individuals who are victims of human trafficking worldwide, the majority of whom are females under the age of 18”.(Martin, 2011). These female can be used for many thing, however the targets of large organizations that has business for human trafficking find that women can be sold...
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...Journal Adejumo, G. O. (2011) Impact of Family Type on Involvement of Adolescents in Pre-Marital Sex International Journal of Psychology and Counselling. Vol.3 (1). Pp.15-19 http://www.academicjournals.org/ijpc/abstracts. Abstract This study examined the impact of home type on involvement of in-school adolescents in premarital sex in Lagos metropolis, Nigeria. This study adopted a survey research design. Three hundred and sixty-eight students from four secondary schools were randomly selected, 128 or 47.8% were males and 148 or 53% were females. Their ages range from 16-19years with the mean of 18.24years. Only 186 or 69% have had sexual intercourse and 94 of them had only one sex partner while 92 had more than one sex partner. Two research instruments were developed for this study-Attitude towards Pre marital Sex Scale (ATPSS) and Parent Involvement Questionnaire (PIQ). The findings revealed a significant effect of home type in prediction of adolescents’ involvement in premarital sex at r=.569, r2 =.347, f (1,218) = 56.47 and <.05 significant level. There was a significant difference significant difference in involvement in premarital sex between adolescents from single parent and intact homes at X2-observed=22.46, 1degree of freedom and p <0.05. It was concluded that parental involvement is paramount in adolescents’ premarital sexual behaviour. It was recommended that government, religious bodies and individuals should uphold the sacred institution of marriage for wellbeing...
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...incentive to come and better themselves economically. People and organizations are looking for and finding ways to make profits even if it is unethical. When we talk about slavery we think of an event that happened in the past but modern day slavery is on the increase today. Human (child) beings are being trafficked as sex slaves, for cheap labor Statistics shows that Over 700,000 women are taken prisoner each year in the worldwide network of human trafficking. Approximately 50,000 of these women end up in the United States. This is a billion dollar business. It is like a drug and people and organizations that profit from this are addicted. The ethical issues that arise from these activities are the enslavement of people or persons to make an individual or an organization profits. Basically profits over people are their mission statement. These people are transported in the most horrible conditions you can imagine; they will hide them in ships, cargo planes, truck etc. Some won’t even be able to survive the journey because they will go without food water and sometimes ventilation for long periods of time. They will sell their victims like commodities and sometimes some of them end up loosing their lives due to different circumstances they are placed into. It is very difficult to counter these organizations because they live in the shadows. They set up shop as a legitimate business but conduct illegitimate activities. For example some massage parlors and employment agencies, schools...
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...Using Research to Inform U.S. Anti-Human Trafficking Efforts by Maureen Q. McGough NIJ study examines the challenges facing the criminal justice system when combating human trafficking. T rafficking in persons is modernday slavery and exists in virtually every country in the world — and the United States is no exception.1 Almost 150 years after the 13th Amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, there are still men, women and children enslaved into labor and commercial sexual exploitation in the U.S. (see sidebar, “Understanding ModernDay Slavery,” on page 27). In recent years the worldwide human trafficking problem has attracted significant political and social attention. Awareness-raising initiatives such as the United Nation’s Blue Heart Campaign2 encourage involvement and action to fight human trafficking on a global scale. In the U.S., the Department of Homeland Security’s Blue Campaign unites anti-human trafficking programs and offers resources for law enforcement and the public to help raise awareness and provide muchneeded training.3 Despite growing awareness of the issue and an influx of resources from such influential bodies as the United Nations and other intergovernmental organizations, foundations, nongovernmental organizations and the U.S. government, the field is still hampered by its inability to measure the size and scope of trafficking.4 The data used to estimate the prevalence of human trafficking in the U.S. are lacking in scope and quality...
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...PROSTITUTION IS NOT A CHOICE LEARN A BOUT TH E TRA FFI CKING OF WOMEN AND GIRLS WORLDWIDE, AND FIND OUT WHAT CAN BE DONE TO END THIS WID ESPR EAD PROBLEM … Soroptimist International of the Americas-1709 Spruce Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 - 215 893 9000 - www.soroptimist.org SOROPTIMIST WHITE PAPER Prostitution is Not a Choice I think so much about what has happened to me. Why these men did what they did to me. Old, disgusting men. It was horrible. They knew I did not want to be there, but they paid their money. They used me. I was their property for the night. They destroyed me. (14-year-old girl at Casa Hogar, a shelter in Costa Rica for children rescued from the country’s sex trade1) OVERVIEW Prostitution has been called the world’s oldest “profession.” In reality, it is the world’s oldest “oppression” and continues to be one of the most overlooked human rights abuses of women on the planet today. 2 Prostitution of women is a particularly lethal form of violence against women, and a violation of a woman’s most basic human rights. While society attempts to normalize prostitution on a variety of levels (discussed later in this paper), prostituted women are subjected to violence and abuse at the hands of paying “clients.” For the vast majority of prostituted women, “prostitution is the experience of being hunted, dominated, harassed, assaulted and battered.” 3 It is “sexual terrorism against women at the hands of men and little is being done to stop the carnage...
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...Name: Patrick Amara Essay #4: Research Paper Pro. Murray March 28, 2013 Human Trafficking INTRODUCTION The social issue of human trafficking has garnered the attention of the United Nations, as a report by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. A global problem exists reaching every developed, developing, and undeveloped country on the planet. The first ever global forum to fight human trafficking was held February 13-15, 2008 in Vienna. One of the major issues addressed was the lack of information and varied responses from countries and their agencies formed to combat the growing crime. In attendance were delegates from more than 100 countries, law enforcement teams, business leaders, legislators, and recognized experts on human trafficking (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, UNODC, n.d). The Executive Director of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Antonio Maria Costa, described the problem as "a monster whose shape, size and ferocity we can only guess" (UNODC, n.d). Throughout this paper the researchers will examine the nature of the population and social issues confronting them and explore the macro practice interventions. First, look at human trafficking and what defines it. DEFINITION Human Trafficking is the modern day practice of slavery, according to the Polaris Project (Polaris Project, n.d.). Human trafficking has a basis of the recruitment, harboring, and transportation of people solely for the purpose of exploitation...
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...The emergence of the Child Sex Market: The market for children prostitutes has been created by a number of factors. During the 1970"s pedophiles from Western countries were attracted to Thailand because of its lenient laws against prostitution and the high currency exchange rate (Jubilee, p. 3). The supply of customers caused pimps to acquire children through sale and through kidnapping to meet their demand. Widespread rural poverty and the low socioeconomic status of children caused the influx of a large supply of rural children that could be acquired relatively cheep. To prevent the interference of the government Thai officials were bribed or in some cases offered a portion of the profits of the trade. When the AIDS epidemic severely hit the sex industry during the 1980"s many sex tourist began to engage in child sex tourism because children were seen as a safe alternative to adults. Child prostitutes were seen as being less risky due to their young age. Contrary to this notion sex with child prostitutes actually increases the likelihood of the transmission of AIDS due to the immature bodies of children (Jubilee, p. 4). In the past decade the media, most specifically the travel industry, has developed a taste for women with "girly" qualities. The result of this trend is a steadily increasing demand for underage prostitutes as well as the continual decline in the desired age for child prostitutes. Due to these unfortunate circumstances the child sex trade has steadily grown...
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...Women and Children trafficking in Bangladesh: A Legal Study Md. Saddam Hossen[1] ABSTRACT Sexual abuse, exploitation, trafficking are nightmares for femininity especially for disadvantage groups and trafficking is the most heinous of all. Government as well as Non- Government Organizations is working for Prevention, Protection, Rehabilitation and Reintegration of trafficked victims and population at risk. Though among these, Prevention is the most effective to reduce or eliminate human trafficking it is least utilized. Perhaps lack of mechanisms by which to measure success or outcome of prevention activities is the cause of this. Still some NGOs are working on it. In fact NGOs have been the pioneers in bringing this invisible crime into the public domain by their continuous efforts. Government is now also concerned of it because of international pressure and concern. Government initiatives give emphasis on prosecution but it is a globally chained crime where prosecute real offender is tough. Rather prevention is the possible measure to stop trafficking. It is the only pre-trafficking measure which may help a young girl or child not to be victim of trafficking. NGOs are the only actor at grass root level working for prevention so it is necessary to see- actually what they are doing and has any change took place. . The study explains the definition of trafficking, causes and consequences of trafficking. It also suggest some recommendations for the preventio9n of this problem. ...
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...1. Introduction: ECPAT (End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Trafficking of Children for Sexual Purposes) has described a clear idea about child prostitution. According to ECPAT (End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Trafficking of Children for Sexual Purposes), which became prominent in the late twentieth century for its work toward the elimination of child prostitution, child pornography, and trafficking of children for sexual purposes, defines child prostitution as "the use of a child in sexual activities for remuneration or any other consideration." According to UN Human Rights Commission (1989) “Child Prostitution” refers to the sexual exploitation of a child for remuneration in cash or in kind, usually but not always organized by an intermediary (parent, family member, procurer, teacher, etc.). Around the world today, there is a human right crisis of sexual abuse of millions of women, children and thousands of men in the prostitution & other form of sexual abuse. Child prostitution is the major part of total prostitution. Children are also involved in prostitution when they engage in sex in return for basic needs such as food, shelter or safety, or pocket money to purchase consumer goods. My paper explores the criminological factors associated with child prostitution in Bangladesh such as human trafficking and child prostitution, forced into prostitution, street children, broken home, social reintegration, livelihood and poverty, marital ...
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...shouldn’t be legalized? Let me clarify, by identifying what I mean by prostitution. By definition, prostitution is the act of performing sex and/or sexual acts in exchange for some kind of compensation, but the part that needs to be clarified is by whom this exchange is happening between. This exchange should only happen between two consenting adults. Adult meaning that under the law a person is of legal and consenting age. The way that everyone is looking at prostitution is biased to the negatives. Many argue that prostitution is morally wrong, that by legalizing prostitution you are in turn condoning sex trafficking, that rape and violence are more prone to happen, and the list goes on and on. However, the list goes on and on about why it would be a positive change to legalize it as well. Not only are there ways to refute some of the arguments made against prostitution, but there are also positive outcomes that can result from legalizing prostitution in the U.S. There is a booming business waiting to emerge from prostitution here in the U.S. You have potential business owners, plenty of employees, and a surplus of buyers in the market. The now Johns would be the owners, the prostitutes would be the employees, and of course anyone in search of sex would be the buyers. Understand that this business would be a service in which you are selling sex not selling a person’s body, and anyone not willing to provide this service clearly would not need to enter into this profession. However...
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