...Human Awareness Essay Should all people convicted of a crime have their DNA fingerprints stored on a database? A DNA fingerprint is the same for every cell, organ and tissue in an organism. DNA fingerprinting has many uses, some of which include providing the evidence needed to solve criminal investigations, determining genetic relationships and solving paternity disputes. DNA fingerprinting has many benefits in the use of criminal investigations as it can provide the evidence to solve crimes and current mysteries, can free innocent suspects and can also cut out a great deal of investigation time. However, there are also many negative issues involved in the matter, such as privacy concerns, which may lead to discrimination and the mishandling or misinterpretation of the DNA evidence. Currently, there is a database where the DNA from samples collected at crime scenes is sored, although many believe that all people convicted of a crime should have their fingerprint stored on there. This raises the question “should all people convicted of a crime have their DNA fingerprints stored on a database?” As everybody’s DNA is unique, DNA fingerprinting is rapidly becoming the main source for identifying and distinguishing amongst individuals. The structure of DNA is a double helix shape made up of a phosphate sugar backbone, which consists of a sequence of complimentary bases held together by weak hydrogen bonds. A DNA fingerprint is manufactured by first extracting the DNA from the...
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...HNOLOG CALICUT GY, Kozhikode, Kerala- 6736 K K 601, India Academic year 2010 0-2011 Department Of Electronics and Communication Engineering NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CALICUT CERTIFICATE This is to certify that this project report entitled DIGITAL FINGERPRINTING is a bona fide record of the work done by final year students Arjun Devgan, Roll No. B070279EC, Challa Himanshu Reddy, Roll No. B070319EC, Nasreen Mohsin, Roll No. B070495EC, Shyam Ashish, Roll No. B070287EC and Ajith K G, Roll No. B060079EC, in partial fulfilment of the requirement of award of B. Tech. Degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering by the National Institute Of Technology, Calicut, during the academic year 2010-2011. Dr. Deepthi P.P Project Guide Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering N.I.T Calicut Dr. P. C. Subrahmaniam Head of the Department Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering N.I.T Calicut Date: April 29th, 2011 CONTENTS 1. 2. 3. 4. ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... 1 NEED OF DIGITAL FINGERPRINTING ............................................................ 3 WHAT IS DIGITAL FINGERPRINTING?........................................................... 4 COLLUSION ATTACKS...
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...Technological Communication Methods and Practices Paper The future brings for us many unknowns especially when it comes to law enforcement. Law enforcement technology has come a long way from its early days. Technology has facilitated the job for many law enforcement positions. Thanks to DNA and fingerprinting many cold case crimes have been solved, in addition many wrongfully accused have obtain their well-deserved freedom. In 2013 we can expect many advancements such as: brain fingerprinting, as well as recon scout throwbot (a robotic camera), lastly iPads to record statements made from witnesses and suspects. Brain fingerprinting was invented by Dr. Lawrence Farwell it remains a controversial procedure thus this is why it has yet to be used hopefully in the near future. Many oppose this method stating that it violates the 5th amendment which protects you against self-incrimination. The way brain fingerprinting works is by placing a headband around your head which measures brain wave responses when shown a particular body of writing or an image that was previously familiar. The "Search Security" (2000-2012) website states that this technique is more effective and reliable than a lie detector test thus this test is 99.99% infallible. The recon scout throwbot is a robotic camera that is throw able capable of seeing in complete darkness. This would allow law enforcement to save many lives; it would allow officers to throw in this device during dangerous and hostile environments...
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...Fingerprinting Forensics Fingerprints are one of the most important things that link a suspect with a crime scene. Colin Beavan says, “Every human being carries with him his cradle to his grave certain physical marks which do not change their character, and by which he can always be identified - and that without shade of doubt or question. These marks are his signature, his physiological autograph, so to speak, and his autograph can not be counterfeited, nor can he disguise it or hide it away, nor can it become illegible by the wear and mutations of time. This signature is not his face- age can change that beyond recognition; it is not his hair, for that can fall out; it is not his height, for duplicates of that exist; it is not his form, for duplicates of that exist also, whereas this signature is this man’s very own- there is no duplicate of it among the swarming populations of the globe. This autograph consists of the delicate lines or corrugations with which Nature marks the insides of the hands and the soles of the feet” (Beavan 1). “A fingerprint expert can tell apart the marks of two digits more easily than he can differentiate two people’s faces “(Beavan 11). Fingerprints play a crucial role in criminal detection because they are unique, have a long history, and have many uses. To begin, Fingerprints are unique when it comes to crime detection. No two people have been found to have the same fingerprints—they are totally unique. There’s a one in a 64 billion chance that...
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...This assignment will explore the pros and cons of Ballistics Fingerprinting. My paper will be based on two published articles. The first is by Lorraine Woellert, whose article which states how ballistics fingerprinting can be extremely beneficial to a criminal investigation. Then there is Paul Magnusson’s article that states how ballistics fingerprinting is a waste of time and cost ineffective (both articles were published in BusinessWeek Online). Just like when a human hand touches a surface, it leaves a fingerprint distinctive to that person. When a weapon is fired, the marks and grooves left on the bullet when it leaves the barrel are distinctive to that particular weapon. Ballistics fingerprinting was crucial in the DC Sniper case of Oct 2002. The case came to an end when John Allen Muhammad and Lee Boyd Malvo were found sleeping in their car. Ballistics test done on the weapon found in the car, a Bushmaster .223 Caliber rifle later linked the weapon to 11 of the 14 shootings. I like this article because it states that this technology can help in solving a major crime. Because of the success of this, a national ballistics database should be established. On the other side of that coin, the next article explores the disadvantages of ballistics fingerprinting. A national database would be costly and unworkable. And it would be a distraction to police in their efforts of fighting violent crimes. At the time of this article’s publication, a major supporter of this program...
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...In 2004, Mongelli, Reynolds and Steele studied the collision of the new technology of DNA fingerprinting which focuses in concluding the augmentation of DNA databases to include every convicted person, not just only the blood-and-guts crimes. This investigation can lead to its good effects on society, for putting one’s finger on unknown dead body, determining paternity, placing the suspect at the crime scene, more advanced leads, and connect crimes to identify the suspect. Meanwhile, their project aim is help to defeat and remove the public's doubt when it comes to DNA fingerprinting and help them know the information about the science in standing up for the use of DNA fingerprinting in the room in which legal cases are heard. Their study...
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...DNA Fingerprinting Using Agarose Gel S. Aaron Sowards Bio 122 Lab 04 Brianna Adanitsch Jakob Lester Minhenga Ngijoi 2/21/18 Dr. Chad R. Sethman Abstract DNA fingerprinting is the process of analyzing an individual’s DNA base-pair patterns. The DNA fingerprinting lab involved identifying the suspect using Agarose Gel and Polymerase Chain Reaction. It was found that suspect two s DNA matched the crime scene DNA. This is known because suspect twos DNA traveled the same distance as the crime scene DNA. DNA Fingerprinting Using Agarose Gel Introduction In 1984 Dr. Alex Jeffreys came up with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fingerprinting, which is also known as DNA profiling or DNA typing. DNA fingerprinting is the analyzing...
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...Molecular analysis of Jawahar Rice Hybrids for genetic purity and fingerprinting Amrita Ingole, Abstract Varietal identification and genetic purity has attained critical importance worldwide especially in the context of plant variety protection. The estimation of hybrid seed purity is done conventionally by grow out test, which is based on the assessment of morphological and floral traits in plants grown to maturity, which locks up the capital while awaiting the results for GOT. GOT could be replaced with DNA based assays. The present investigation was undertaken with an objective to identify distinguishable microsatellite markers to establish fingerprinting of rice (Oryza sativa L.) hybrids, assessing variation within parental lines and testing the genetic purity of hybrid seed develpod by JNKVV Jabalpur, 4 cms, 4 restores and 5 hybrids were employed in this study. About 52 most informative microsatellite markers were employed for fingerprinting five rice hybrids and their parental lines. A total of 77 alleles were detected, and the number of alleles per locus ranged from 1 to 6, with an average of 2.56±1.33 primer pair. Eleven markers amplified specific alleles those separated the male from female lines. 13 markers were found polymorphic for female lines. Marker RM 164 clearly differentiates all the 4 CMS lines under study. 24 markers were found polymorphic among the male parents. No such marker was found that could differentiate all the male lines from each other...
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...How has the development of fingerprinting techniques in forensics increased the succession rate of convicting criminals from the period of 1890-1950? Introduction The birth of forensic science within the use of the police force revolutionised how crime investigations were conducted, via the work of the forensic scientists, or also known as ‘forensic officers’. This work would consist of collecting evidence from a crime scene such as looking for fingerprints on either a suspected murder weapon used by the murder or on a touchable surface which is in the crime scene where the suspect laid their hand on. Furthermore this collectivisation of evidence from the crime scene could mean collecting; foreign fibres (unusual fibres that seem to look like that they do not belong their i.e. due to their different colour, type of fabric or thickness of the fibre.); retrieving bullets and firearms form the crime scene and any possible DNA samples that can be collected in the crime scene such as blood spatter on the walls of a room, where in this case the crime was committed. This evidence would then be sent to be analysed by more forensic scientists in different subdivisions to help led a path to a final suspect, thus leading the police to a quick and successful conviction of a criminal and bring justice to their crimes. Overall this revolution of the police force saw the birth of a new era of fighting crime throughout the whole of the country, as well as throughout the rest of the...
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...at birth? Article to be evaluated: Website: Genetics and Public Issues – ELSI (Ethical, Legal and Social Issues) – http://darwin.nmsu.edu/ Reliability: This source is a reliable one as it was developed by Dr. Clay Dillingham and Dr. Susan Root. They are professionals, educated in the technique and knowledgeable about the subject with years of experience as scientists in the field. Therefore it is expected to have some reliability. Bias: This article presents both the advantages and disadvantages of the topic of storing everyone’s DNA sequences and is not biased in either direction. It gives the scientific facts and procedures of DNA fingerprinting and continues to give the good effects and also the issues it would cause in the public. It explains how DNA fingerprinting would benefit us, referring to the solving of criminal offenses, detection of possible future diseases of the subject, clues about possible behavioral traits, and other medical information. This is the positive side. The article also discusses the negative side and questions the accessibility of the DNA fingerprints and the information they hold. The effects on the public if the information was misused are discussed including the impact on individuals in relation to seeking insurance policies and the debate about whether people who are likely to develop a fatal disease should be informed about their fate, This article is well balanced and not biased toward either side. ...
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...Additional Activity: Switched at Birth! DNA Fingerprinting: An Application Although a rare occurrence, cases of babies switched at birth in a hospital have made the news in the past. Since an individual’s DNA sequence is unique, with the exception of identical twins, DNA fingerprinting is a reliable method used to determine the parents of a given baby. DNA fingerprints can be derived from restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis or using the polymerase chain reaction with variable number tandem repeats. In this activity, you will analyze the results of a DNA fingerprint conducted on three babies and three sets of parents to determine which baby belongs to which parent. Materials photocopy of worksheets ruler pencil Procedure 1. Compare the bands of each set of parents to each of the babies and determine which baby belongs to which set of parents. Line up the bands and illustrate which bands each baby inherited from its mother and from its father. Couple A M F Couple B M F Couple C M F Baby 1 Baby 2 Baby 3 Figure 1 DNA fingerprint data obtained from three sets of infants and three sets of parents (continued) Copyright © 2003 Nelson Chapter 6 Biotechnology 173 LSM 6.3-5 Analysis and Synthesis (a) Identify which baby belongs to which set of parents. (b) Explain why not all the bands in the mother’s or father’s profiles have a counterpart in the baby’s DNA profile. (c) List other examples where DNA fingerprinting could be used to identify an individual. (d)...
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...is the impact, if any, on consumer privacy? Forbes.com suggests that while cookies used to be the best technology for marketing they will soon be left in the dust. The problem is that many users are aware of cookies and with a click can turn all cookies off. Forbes also notes that mobile phones are starting to take over a large percentage of web usage and they do not use cookies. Fingerprinting, is what Forbes says will overtake the cookies era. Fingerprinting is similar to cookies in that it tracks user information. Fingerprinting looks at the unique characteristics of your computer such as: screen size, programs installed, time zones, fonts, these unique features create a fingerprint. The fingerprinting phase of technological track is in effect. Forbes gives this example of how fingerprinting occurs in an email you would receive from your favorite restaurant, “For example, if you open a restaurant promotion in the morning it might advertise a lunch special, or later in the day, dinner. And perhaps they know you prefer seafood to steak” Just like cookies there is nothing illegal about fingerprinting. With...
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...WEEK 1- INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC SCIENCE Quote "Every contact leaves a trace." - Edmond Locard (1877 - 1966) Learning Objective(s) At the end of this topic, you should be able to: 1. Define 'Forensic Science'; 2. Explain the limits of Forensic Science; 3. Identify the types of forensic work; 4. Describe Locard's Exchange Principle; 5. Differentiate Reconstruction & Re-enactment. Synopsis To illustrate the scope and diversity of Forensic Science, place it in its legal context, and describe the various types of forensic work. There will also be a discussion of Comparison leading to Association, Reconstruction versus Re-enactment, Locard's Exchange Principle, and the limits of Forensic Science. Various case studies will also be analysed throughout the lecture. Case Studies Felicia Lee; Walter Dinivan; Madam Jetkor Miang Singh; Roberto Calvi; Buck Ruxton & the Jigsaw Murders; Acid Bath Haigh; 2005 London Bombings; "Brides in the Bath"; Gareth Williams; The Woodchipper Murder WEEK 2- CHEMICAL ANALYSIS IN FORENSIC SCIENCE Quote "Actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea" The act is not culpable unless the mind is also guilty. Learning Objective(s) At the end of this topic, you should be able to: 2A. Atomic Structure & Spectroscopy 1. Explain the structure of the atom and Bohr's model; 2. Differentiate between emission and absorption spectroscopy; 3. Explain the chemistry behind EDX and SEM-EDX; 4. Explain the chemistry in NAA; 2B. Molecular...
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...Future interrogation and interviewing Technologies For centuries man has always tried to find ways to communicate more efficiently, when it came down to preventing crimes, investigating crimes and solving crimes. Therefore the study of future technology and methods has sparked the interest of scientist and developers to create a systems or method that would prove to be just as accurate as our DNA system is today. Their goal is to utilize this technology within an interview or interrogation setting. When it comes to detecting if someone is tell the truth, scientist are working on new technology that promises to be more accurate for lie detection. If these new technologies prove to be successful, not a violation of the suspect’s constitutional rights and the results become admissible in the court of law. This would then become a major breakthrough for investigators; when interviewing a suspect in an interrogation room. When speaking to witness officers so often relay on line up and photo’s (Mug spots) which are stored within in their computer data base. Scientists are also working on ways to present witness the virtual evidence, tele-presents of the suspect by means of Holograms. Holograms are used today but may be used in the future during interrogation and interview rooms. Holograms would actually be put in place of the actual interrogator or interviewer. The benefit of this technology is using an image of the victim with hopes of scaring a confession from the criminal...
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...GENOMIC TANDEM REPEATS AND DNA FINGERPRINTING In the human genome, sequences of repeated nucleotides are repeated in tandem hundreds of times at dozens of different regions throughout ones genome. DNA profiling uses these numerous repetitive sequences as a method of identifying individuals. These repetitive sequences, called variable number tandem repeats (or VNTRs) and short tandem repeats (STRs) are highly variable and thus form excellent tools for genetic individualization. CLASSES OF GENOMIC TANDEM REPEATS An STR simply put is a short stretch of repeated units of DNA bases, usually comprising of 3-5 base pair segments that are repeated in long strings of DNA. As a result of their length, tiny samples can be easily analysed as they are amenable to amplification by...
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