...INTRODUCTION Every year more and more ships are lost through fire and collision. Shipboard fire alone, however, results in more total losses of ships than any other form of casualty. The most common causes of shipboard fire are: maintenance, burning and welding are responsible for nearly 40 percent of all outbreaks. Smoking leads to countless fires that break out when no one expects. Lack of attention, spontaneous combustion and electrical faults are the major causes. The engine room is at special risk from flashbacks in oilfired boilers, leaky pipings carrying oil, overheated bearings and even the accumulation of rubbish (oil rags, dirty oil, tins of oil, etc.). According to Mikhail Grigorevich Stavitskii 1983, if most shipboard fires can be prevented, then who is responsible for preventing them? The answer is that fire prevention is the shared duty of each and every member of the crew. No fire prevention effort or program can be successful unless it involves everyone aboard ship. We have noted that every crewmember is responsible for the fire aboard ship. Similarly, every crewmember has a role in the ship's fire prevention program. Because attitude is so much a part of the fire prevention, it is also the most important part of the fire prevention program. So as with the Fire Figthing, if there is a fire aboard ship, everyone aboard ship must form the emergency response team. According to Lobo Gruppe, Oslo 1987, the emergency response team are consist of the following...
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...Introduction Management of Fire Safety Procedures is an integral part of Safety management on ship. Fire Safety management procedure is the action on Fire Safety plan which are the collection of procedures and recorded information about the safety of various fire installations and the relevant procedures of fire safety. Fire safety management plan ensures acceptable standards relating to fire safety and the adherence and the standard maintenance. The safety plans provide, manage and maintain a safe and healthy working environment for all those onboard and it also promote awareness and protection against hazards at workplace. The International Maritime Organisation (2009), ship safety is a subject that is currently receiving high attention by most countries; this was due to a number of serious vessel casualties that have occurred in recent years. (Howarth 1999), Fire Safety Management is “the application of policy, standards, tools, information and practices to the task of analysing, evaluating and controlling fire safety”. The introduction of a fire safety management model is useful for the analysis and measurement of the existing fire risks and possible recommendations for management to adopt 2.0 Fire Hazards onboard the Ship The causes of fire in a ship can be predictable; on few occasions it could be accidents that may not be preventable. Various work items and appliances can trigger fire on board. John G. Antherson (2000) states that the causes of fire on a ship aren't a lot different...
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...Best Management Practices for Protection against Somalia Based Piracy InterManager WORLD SHIPPING COUNCIL PARTNERS IN TRADE BMP4 Best Management Practices for Protection against Somalia Based Piracy (Version 4 – August 2011) Suggested Planning and Operational Practices for Ship Operators, and Masters of Ships Transiting the High Risk Area i Printed August 2011 ISBN: 978 1 85609 505 1 Terms of Use The advice and information given in this booklet (“Booklet”) is intended purely as guidance to be used at the user’s own risk. No warranties or representations are given nor is any duty of care or responsibility accepted by the Authors, their membership or employees of any person, firm, corporation or organisation (who or which has been in any way concerned with the furnishing of information or data, the compilation or any translation, publishing, supply of the Booklet) for the accuracy of any information or advice given in the Booklet or any omission from the Booklet or for any consequence whatsoever resulting directly or indirectly from compliance with, adoption of or reliance on guidance contained in the Booklet even if caused by a failure to exercise reasonable care on the part of any of the aforementioned parties. W IT H E RB Y A B LI SHI R NG G Published in 2011 by Witherby Publishing Group Ltd 4 Dunlop Square Livingston, Edinburgh, EH54 8SB Scotland, UK Tel No: +44 (0) 1506 463 227 Fax No: +44 (0) 1506 468 999 Email: info@emailws...
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...traders pledged their ships or cargo as security for loans. In Babylon creditors charged higher interest rates to merchants and traders in exchange for a promise to forgive the loan if the ship was robbed by pirates or was captured and held for ransom. In post medieval England, local groups of working people banded together to create "friendly societies," forerunners of the modern insurance companies. Members of the friendly societies made regular contributions to a common fund, which was used to pay for losses suffered by members. The contributions were determined without reference to a member's age, and without precise identification of what claims would be covered. Without a system to anticipate risks and potential liability, many of the first friendly societies were unable to pay claims, and many eventually disbanded. Insurance gradually came to be seen as a matter best handled by a company in the business of providing insurance. Insurance companies began to operate for profit in England during the seventeenth century. They devised tables to mathematically predict losses based on various data, including the characteristics of the insured and the probability of loss related to particular risks. These calculations made it possible for insurance companies to anticipate the likelihood of claims, and this made the business of insurance reliable and profitable Definition of Insurance A contract (policy) in which an individual or entity receives financial protection or reimbursement against...
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...situation such as fire or ship crash happen onboard a ship, the crews of the ship will use all measures possible with their best effort to stop the source of damage, prevent further damage from happening and to repair the ship. However, in certain conditions, the ship cannot be saved; hence the only thing that can be done is to save the life of crew members by abandoning the ship. This decision s taken after careful consideration on all aspects since the benefit might be accompanied by huge consequences. Once the decision to abandon ship is made, all crews are required to muster in the Emergency Station. These stations have procedure that provides a simple standard organisation which will bring the ship to higher state of manning and material preparedness to deal with emergency cases. This allows the crews to clear away all the life saving apparatuses and conduct any other preparation for a successful evolution. During this procedure, different personnel carry out their duties at different stations. The removal of personnel shall be accomplished in phases, which means that crews required for specific duties are retained on board until there is no further need for their services. The decision to abandon ship is made by the Commanding Officer (CO) and the order shall be passed by any means available: loud speakers if electrical circuits are intact, otherwise by megaphone or messengers from the bridge. There are two means of abandoning ship (i.e. the removal...
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...IAATO’s 17th Annual General Meeting, April 2006, the plan was reviewed first by IAATO’s Marine Committee and then presented to all ship operators for discussion and adoption. It was agreed by the membership that the plan was effective and only required additional supplemental text. The plan retains the flexibility to be amended should international shipping regulations be changed or operators find more efficient and practical ways to work. The plan is outlined below, and an IAATO Emergency Contingency Plan Flow Chart, is shown in Appendix A. This paper was originally prepared by Captain Leif Skog and reviewed and or updated each year since 2003. Captain Skog has been working in Antarctica for 27 years and is the Vice President of Marine Operations for IAATO member, Lindblad Expeditions. Background All IAATO vessels operating in Antarctica are required to operate under the ISM Code and consequently they must have a well-established Safety Management System (SMS) in place in addition to the IAATO emergency contingency plans and recommendations. Since it entered into force on 1 July 1998, the ISM Code for Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention, which is adopted today by all Flag States, has had a huge impact to drastically improve the safe operation of ships and pollution prevention. The ISM Code describes in broad terms what a ship operating company’s safety management system...
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...History of Insurance 2500 BC- Bottemry Contract: Take a higher interest rate, if the ship is lost at sea then the loan is forgiven. 1600 BC- London- Eduard Lloyd- First true insurance policy for ships at sea. - Eduard Lloyds company became known as Lloyds of London. - Nicholas Barbon: If you buy my house and it burns down, I’ll build it back for free. 1666- Great London Fire- Nicholas Barbon was not able to rebuild all the houses. 1752- 1st fire insurance policy was written. - Written by the Philadelphia Contributionship - Fire mark: A metallic symbol you put on your front door. Damages are paid by the insurance company if you have the fire mark. - Must cut down all your trees to give access to the fire department. 1759- First life insurance company: Presbyterian Ministers Fund 1834- 26 Fire insurance companies in New York City alone. 1835- Great New York City fire: Only three of the 26 fire insurance companies paid. 1836- Battle of the Alamo 1865- End of the Civil War 1868- Paul v. Virginia court case: The Supreme Court took the case because insurance was not a transaction of commerce. The end result was that the states started regulating insurance. 1871- Great Chicago Fire: O’Leary’s cow started the fire allegedly. Many insurance companies went out of business because they couldn’t pay the claims. 1897- 1st automobile insurance policy 1944- Southeastern Underwriters Decision Court Case- Insurance should be regulated by...
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...Julius. He probably took enough troops with him to guard the prisoners, or even kill them if necessary. As a Roman Citizen Paul had greater privileges than the other prisoners. It is also clear that Julius liked Paul and treated him with respect. Aristarchus of Thessalonica is mentioned as a fellow passenger. He too was on his way to trial. The narrative changes from third person to first suggesting that Luke was on board with Paul. Some scholars suggest that he may have signed up to be the ships doctor. It was not a direct journey to Italy. Passengers could travel as far as a ship was going was going in their direction, disembark and then join on another ship whenever one was available. The first ship used sailed out of Adramyttium, a port on the northwest coast near Traos. It stopped at Sideon to unload and load cargo and Julius let Paul visit his friends although he was accompanied by a soldier. Fernando describes how this was one of Julius’ first acts of kindness towards Paul. The ship sailed north up the east side of Cyprus, headed north to the coast of Cilicia and turned West past Pamphylia. Paul and...
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...BMP3 Best Management Practice 3 Piracy off the Coast of Somalia and Arabian Sea Area INDIA MALDIVES Produced and supported by: IGP &I IMB BIMCO Somalia UKMTO EU NAVFOR BMP3 Best Management Practices to Deter Piracy off the Coast of Somalia and in the Arabian Sea Area (Version 3 – June 2010) Suggested Planning and Operational Practices for Ship Operators, and Masters of Ships Transiting the Gulf of Aden and the Arabian Sea i First Printed June 2010 ISBN 978 1 85609 397 2 Terms of Use The advice and information given in this booklet (“Booklet”) is intended purely as guidance to be used at the user’s own risk. No warranties or representations are given nor is any duty of care or responsibility accepted by the Authors, their membership or employees of any person, firm, corporation or organisation (who or which has been in any way concerned with the furnishing of information or data, the compilation or any translation, publishing, supply of the Booklet) for the accuracy of any information or advice given in the Booklet or any omission from the Booklet or for any consequence whatsoever resulting directly or indirectly from compliance with, adoption of or reliance on guidance contained in the Booklet even if caused by a failure to exercise reasonable care on the part of any of the aforementioned parties. Printed & bound in Great Britain by Bell & Bain Ltd. Glasgow Published in 2010 by Witherby Seamanship International Ltd, 4 Dunlop Square...
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...In general "The Watchtowers" are the home of the 4 main Elements - Water, Fire, Earth and Wind. They're the 4 cardinal points of a compass - East, South, West and North. The Watchtower of the East is the home of the element Air and the Watchtower of the West is the home of the element Water. This is regardless in what hemisphere we live in. The Watchtower of the South is the home of the element Fire and the Watchtower of the North is the home of the element Earth. But this is only for the people living in the Northern hemisphere; for the people in the Southern hemisphere it's the other way round. The Watchtowers also house other beings associated with the directions and elements - Sylphs, Undines, Salamanders, Gnomes, angels, etherial beings, faeries or deities....
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...same thing might happen to the other neighbors, so they have to help them. Otherwise, neighbors will not receive help in the future. This type of process is called Insurance. This essay will give you a brief overview of the history of insurance, as well as the types and benefits of insurance. In simple terms, insurance is a promise of repayment in the case of loss. People or company pays to companies in order to repay them after accidents. In another meaning, insurance is a protection against future loss.1 In ancient times, farmers in China sent their crops to market on boats. Chinese merchants wanted to ensure that they would see a profit from their goods. In the event that a ship was lost at sea or pirated, an insuring partner would reimburse the owners of the ship and goods. To pay for the loss the merchant would be sold into slavery to the insurer until the debt was repaid. This was an equally beneficial arrangement since a merchant could not afford to pay for the lost goods or even to buy a ship unless someone invested. From this brief accounting of history we can see how insurance began to evolve during the coming years.2-3 In the most basic sense, insurance is the compensating of a person or business for a loss. There are many types of insurance which covers any situation including travel, property, and health. Holidays can be dangerous occasions especially abroad. Travel insurance covers those who travel abroad. It covers certain losses such as lost of...
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...Web Page. I attest that the research report is my original work, and that any copyrightable materials have been used with the permission of the original authors, and as such, it is automatically protected by the laws, rules, and regulations of the U.S. Copyright Office. TITLE OF REPORT IDENTIFICATION OF POSSIBLE HUMAN ERRORS THAT CAN RESULT IN FIRES/EXPLOSIONS DURING TANKERS' CARGO LOADING/UNLOADING OPERATIONS AT THE XYZ MARINE PETROLEUM TERMINAL SIGNATURE __________________________________DATE ________ PERMANENT ADDRESS 2721 Harvey Dr. Apartment #1. Menomonie, WI 54751, USA TELEPHONE # 715-235-4730 (This section to be completed by the graduate School) This final research report was submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the above stated degree on this date, and has been accepted by the Graduate School and is now ready for transmittal to the Library Learning Center for placement on microform or other storage media. (Coordinator for Graduate Studies) (Date) (This form must accompany the research paper turned in to the Graduate School) IDENTIFICATION OF POSSIBLE HUMAN ERRORS THAT CAN RESULT IN FIRES/EXPLOSIONS DURING TANKERS' CARGO LOADING/UNLOADING OPERATIONS AT THE XYZ MARINE PETROLEUM TERMINAL. by Guillermo A. Triana Cedeno A Research Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of...
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...will be treated and how the state will be ruled. He uses the extended metaphor of comparing the state with ship to explain what he is expecting to see. In line 8-10, Creon express what the city of Thebes went through, “Gentlemen: I have to honor to inform you that our Ship of States, which recent storms have threatened to destroy, has come safely to harbor at last, guided by the merciful of Heaven.” Creon compares the State as a ship and also compares the storm as the attack of Polyneices. When Eteocles, Polyneices’...
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...extinguish fires on board an ocean-going commercial vessel.This unit incorporates the content of the previous two units TDMMF901A Fight and extinguish fires and TDMMF1201A Minimise the risk of fire and maintain a state of readiness to respond to emergency situations involving fire as the content applied to ocean-going vessels. It aligns with the AMSA approved course: SC002 ? Fire Prevention and Firefighting. | Unit Sector | Operational Quality and Safety | Pre-Requisites | The unit may be assessed in conjunction with other units that relate to the functions of the occupation(s) concerned. | Performance Criteria | 1 Carry out fire minimisation procedures 1.1 Fire hazards on board vessel are identified and action is taken to eliminate or minimise them 1.2 Responsibilities for checking fire prevention equipment and systems are fulfilled and appropriate action is taken to ensure that they are operational 1.3 An awareness and understanding of the causes of fire and its minimisation is maintained through participation in fire drills and related instructional programs 1.4 A state of readiness to respond to fire emergencies is maintained at all times 1.5Where applicable, correct techniques are applied for the setting up of foam making equipment to extinguish B Class fires on board a vessel2 Respond to emergency situations involving fire 2.1 Emergency situations involving fire are correctly identified in accordance with established nautical practice 2.2 Type of fire is identified...
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...James mincey Jones Fire Protection Mar 17, 2013 The Great Chicago FIre The Great Chicago Fire was a horrible and disappointing day in United States history. The conflagration burned from Sunday, October 8, to early Tuesday, October 10, 1871. It killed hundreds and rampaged just over 3 miles while devastating the entire city. Though the fire was one of the largest of the 19th century, the rebuilding that began soon after made them one of the most popular cities of America. The starting of the fire initially had everyone fooled. that a cow in a barn had kicked over a lantern, and things went a blaze.Though the barn owned by the O’Leary was the first to be taken over by the fire, the reporter came clean to exaggerating the story for sales. The barn was the start but the wood structures within Chicago, combined with a drought was no match for this fire. The wind carried ember from the fire toward the city.These factors didn’t even shake the residents of the Windy City. As the fire continued to grow firefighters responded, and were soon exhausted. The first alarm was received around 9:40 by the department when a fire alarm was pulled at a local pharmacy. This was when the fire was relatively small but when it got larger the guard took the corrective actions to send more people but it he sent them in the wrong direction. It was when the fire overcame a tall church, the flames crossed the river. Ships that lined the river, the city's wood-plank sidewalks...
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